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Topic Review
Graph Modeling of Shop Schedulings
Graphs are powerful tools to model manufacturing systems and scheduling problems. The complexity of these systems and their scheduling problems has been substantially increased by the ongoing technological development. Thus, it is essential to generate sustainable graph-based modeling approaches to deal with these excessive complexities. Graphs employ nodes and edges to represent the relationships between jobs, machines, operations, etc. Despite the significant volume of publications applying graphs to shop scheduling problems, the literature lacks a comprehensive survey study. We proposed the first comprehensive review paper which 1) systematically studies the overview and the perspective of this field, 2) highlights the gaps and potential hotspots of the literature, and 3) suggests future research directions towards sustainable graphs modeling the new intelligent/complex systems. We carefully examined 143 peer-reviewed journal papers published from 2015 to 2020. About 70% of our dataset were published in top-ranked journals which confirms the validity of our data and can imply the importance of this field. After discussing our generic data collection methodology, we proposed categorizations over the properties of the scheduling problems and their solutions. Then, we discussed our novel categorization over the variety of graphs modeling scheduling problems. Finally, as the most important contribution, we generated a creative graph-based model from scratch to represent the gaps and hotspots of the literature accompanied with statistical analysis on our dataset. Our analysis showed a significant attention towards job shop systems (56%) and Un/Directed Graphs (52%) where edges can be either directed, or undirected, or both. Whereas 14% of our dataset applied only Undirected Graphs, and 11% targeted hybrid systems, e.g., mixed shop, flexible and cellular manufacturing systems which shows potential future research directions.
  • 2.0K
  • 25 May 2021
Topic Review
Corporate Governance and Performance of Pension Funds
Corporate governance has been explained as a mechanism by which operational managers of entities are made to act in the interest of the owners of the entities and other stakeholders. Good stewardship and sustained accountability are expected from firms by society. In pension fund management settings, two sets of factors affect corporate entity’s effectiveness. The first is the internal corporate governance factors relating to pension fund management. This involves effective interactions between internal systems relating to pension funds. The second factor is the external corporate governance factors concerning the regulatory and legal framework under which the pension funds operate.
  • 1.1K
  • 01 Aug 2022
Topic Review
Psychological Effects of Digital Companies’ Employees during COVID-19
The ways people use words online can furnish psychological processes about their beliefs, fears, thinking patterns, and so on. Extracting from online employees’ reviews on the workplace community websites, the psychological effects of employees during the phase of the COVID-19 pandemic can be quantified. Affected by the pandemic after 2020, although the overall evaluation of digital companies employees was tending to be better, were work–life balance, culture and values, senior management, career opportunities, and salary and benefits, which were still getting worse. 
  • 707
  • 07 Mar 2022
Topic Review
Decent Work
Decent work (DW) has emerged as a growing paradigm for all, entailing fundamental principles and rights at work which can pervade all human resource management (HRM)practices. While studies on DW are generally examined on macro levels, such as social, economic, legal, and political, the rising emphasis to realize the Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) No. 8 of the UN and highlight the importance of quality of employment.
  • 679
  • 30 Sep 2022
Topic Review
Identification of Social and Economic Expectations
The dynamic development of the fourth industrial revolution, focused on the implementation of Industry 4.0 technologies, sparked fears of governments and society regarding the dehumanization of the industry in the future. Currently, there is a need to consider sustainable development and the crucial role of man in the assumptions of industry’s future development. Concerns about the implementation of the fourth industrial revolution’s technology became the basis for building the assumptions of Industry 5.0. 
  • 638
  • 28 Jan 2022
Topic Review
Millennials and Turnover Intentions in the Banking Industry
Millennials are individuals born after 1980 and before 2000 and have interesting characteristics that make it pertinent for organizations to desire to attract and retain them in contemporary times. Whilst these attributes are relevant to employment in contemporary times saddled with COVID-19, they tend to increase turnover intentions. This study provides a case of the Banking industry in Ghana and offers recommendations for the management of millennials. 
  • 612
  • 14 Mar 2022
Topic Review Peer Reviewed
Labor Market Institutions and Employment
The role of labor market institutions and policies has received great attention throughout the history of labor economics. Labor market institutions are responsible for a wide range of policies, regulations, and organizations that affect the labor market, though their impact on employment can vary depending on the specific institutions and the economic context across countries. This entry attempts to provide an overview of five main labor market institutions and policies, i.e., the minimum wage, employment protection, the power of unions, active labor market policies, and unemployment insurance/unemployment benefits. It also presents theoretical expectations of their effects on employment outcomes and collates relevant results from the related literature, focusing mainly on the most recent empirical evidence. Finally, this entry provides insights regarding labor market institutions and offers proposals for shaping the labor market landscape.
  • 551
  • 19 Feb 2024
Topic Review
Workplace Sexual Harassment and Productivity Loss Prevention
Workplace sexual harassment (WSH) is a severe problem affecting millions of women’s wholeness and well-being worldwide. WSH refers to unwanted sexual advances, unwelcome requests for sexual favors, verbal or physical conduct or gestures of a sexual nature, or any other sexual behavior that may be offensive, humiliating, or intimidating in the work environment.
  • 547
  • 04 Dec 2023
Topic Review
Reducing Inequalities within and among EU Countries
Reducing inequalities within and among countries is one of the main tenets of the sustainable development paradigm and has become an important pillar at the European Union level. By adopting the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development, EU countries have committed themselves to meeting targets against which progress in reducing inequalities can be measured. Through the present research, it can analyze and assess the extent to which EU countries will achieve the specific SDG 10 targets. Based on data published by Eurostat for the period 2010-2020, it can forecast the trends of the indicators until the year 2030, using a model based on AAA (Holt-Winters) version of the exponential smoothing (ETS), to assess the degree to which the assumed targets will be reached. For more detailed information, dynamic indices were used to analyze the dynamics of the progress achieved. The results showed that it is difficult to clearly distinguish one or more countries as part of a group of high or low performers in terms of the efforts made and the effects achieved in reducing inequalities. However, it can be mentioned that Poland as a good and very good performer on most of the indicators analyzed. At the opposite, Bulgaria and Greece, for which more attention and involvement is needed in adopting measures to correct the negative trends forecast.
  • 536
  • 07 Jul 2022
Topic Review
The Key Motive of Adaptive Social Innovation
The fundamental cause of adaptive social innovation can be found in the changes derived from the “digital economy.” Newly born platform capitalism and its industrial structure are expanding their dominant power in economic systems. This is causing extensive upheaval in the fundamentals that support the social and economic environment such as production, consumption, distribution, etc., by reorganizing the production and distribution systems. 
  • 504
  • 21 Mar 2022
Topic Review
“Pseudo-Contracted” Workers in Greece
Non-standard forms of employment, also called “flexible” or “new forms” of employment, such as temporary employment, part-time employment, seasonal employment, project agreement, leasing through TWAs, and outsourcing are a worldwide rapidly expanding phenomenon that affects more than one-third of the worldwide workforce. Flexible or new forms of employment emerged in the 1980s and gained popularity during the acute financial crisis (2007), as well as during the recent pandemic COVID-19 that also hugely affected Europe and the USA. More specifically, in 2022, the EU-27 marked rates of 12.1% of temporary employment and 17.6% of part-time employment over total employment. Enterprises turn to flexible forms of employment when aiming to reduce labour costs and to increase their productivity and competitiveness. More specifically, enterprises reduce their internally allocated range of tasks and assign part of or entire activities to external undertakings, thus expanding labour market segmentation and amplifying social inequalities among the employees.
  • 438
  • 20 Nov 2023
Topic Review
Impact of Intelligent Manufacturing on Total-Factor Energy Efficiency
Intelligent technology is the core driving force of the fourth industrial revolution, which has an important impact on the high-quality economic development. First, the productivity effect, scale effect and resource allocation effect of intelligent manufacturing can significantly improve the energy efficiency of total factor, and the conclusion is still established after endogenous treatment and robustness test. Second, the results of the action mechanism show that labor price distortion and carbon emission trading policy are important mechanisms for intelligent manufacturing to improve total factor energy efficiency. 
  • 382
  • 08 Mar 2024
Topic Review
Sustainable Supplier Evaluation
The disclosure of environmental, social, and governance (ESG) tasks, seen as companies’ performance of sustainability, has gradually became a necessity for listed enterprises.
  • 331
  • 01 Mar 2024
Topic Review
Energy and Heat Consumption Trends and Forecasting
The research outlines the methodology employed for desk-based research, which involved gathering and analyzing empirical data on energy and heating consumption in the Polish small consumer sector. Secondary sources, including reports, documents, scientific publications, and public statistics, were utilized to ensure a comprehensive understanding of the subject matter.
  • 315
  • 07 Oct 2023
Topic Review
Industry 4.0 Technology on Workforce Employability and Skills
The Fourth Industrial Revolution (Industry 4.0 or I4.0) has gained increasing attention both in the academic and non-academic domains. Industry 4.0 was a term coined in 2011 in Germany. Since then, the academic literature describing and analyzing I4.0 technologies has grown considerably. While so-called Industry 3.0 introduced computers, Industry 4.0 is characterized by advancements in computing technology including expanded digitalization in logistics, cognitive and connected machines in various industrial processes, and data analytics.
  • 279
  • 14 Feb 2024
Topic Review
Green Transformation of Industry and Novel Infrastructure
In response to the huge economic impact of the new pneumonia epidemic, the “new infrastructure” has become an important hedge against the downward pressure of the economy. The “new infrastructure” projects can strongly support the green and low-carbon transformation of the economy, so whether the new infrastructure can promote the green transformation of the industry has become the focus of academic circles, whereas the existing literature has ignored the coupling and coordination between the green transformation of the sports industry (GTSI) and the novel infrastructure in the context of a low-carbon economy. 
  • 278
  • 26 Jan 2024
Topic Review
Ohio’s 5G and Broadband Workforce
Advancements in fifth generation (5G) technology and broadband communications create novel opportunities in numerous sectors, especially with regard to workforce development. As modern society further shifts to become that of an ‘information society’, 5G and broadband investment, development, and use have been shown to increase income, employment, and business expansion, especially in rural areas.
  • 259
  • 06 Mar 2024
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