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Topic Review
Understanding the Nature of the Transnational Scam-Related Fraud
Regional communities in Southeast Asia face challenges from scam-related fraud during and after COVID-19, particularly with rising pig-butchering operations linked to organized crime and increased digital transactions. This first study in Vietnam combines primary and secondary data to reveal the nature of transnational scam fraud. Scammers employ advanced tactics like phishing, fraudulent investments, and identity theft. Organized crime rings operate in Vietnam and Cambodia, with Chinese groups playing a key role. Social media platforms facilitate these crimes. The study recommends tackling these challenges with strong policies, community education campaigns, enhanced cooperation among law enforcement, and supporting evidence-based research. Addressing pig-butchering and scam fraud requires coordinated responses tailored to each country’s unique situation.
  • 1.7K
  • 10 Mar 2025
Topic Review
Pact for Life Program
In Brazil, one of the most well deemed state-level programs in the prevention of homicides is the so-called Pacto pela Vida (A Pact for Life), executed in many northern regions of the country. The Pact for Life program, one of the most successful state-level projects to reduce the occurrences of homicides and other violent crimes, had its contribution by integrating the public policy of security with the Judicial Power, Legislative Power, municipalities, state and federal government. The value added by this integration has been fundamental for the fact police cycle is not unitary, meaning that the police that arrive at the crime scene are not the same one that investigates.
  • 1.7K
  • 20 May 2021
Topic Review
Sports Policing and Tourism Safety in Summer Olympics
Held every four years, the Summer Olympics are the world’s biggest sporting events, posing a significant challenge for tourism and law enforcement professionals. Ensuring the safety of tourists and athletes on-site is the host country’s responsibility. In many cases, the target of terrorists is the tourism sector, which in some countries, accounts for a significant share of annual revenue. 
  • 1.2K
  • 27 May 2022
Topic Review
Criminal Legal Systems in Disability Community
Disabled people come into contact with the criminal legal system as suspects, defendants, incarcerated persons, victims, and witnesses. Compared to people without disabilities, disabled people are more likely to experience victimization, be arrested, be charged with a crime, and serve longer prison sentences once convicted. These trends are even more profound for disabled people with intersecting marginalized identities, such as people of color, women, poor people, and those who identify as LGBTQ. 
  • 1.1K
  • 21 Jul 2022
Topic Review
Dark Triad Psychopathy
Dark Triad traits and self-control are considered viable causal precursors to antisocial and criminal outcomes in youth. 
  • 1.1K
  • 20 Jun 2022
Topic Review
School Culture, Racial Composition, and Preventing Violence
Evaluations of school policies and practices have shown that strict discipline and enforcement may have negative consequences and a disparate impact on students of color. Using a sample of 2092 respondents from the 2015–2016 School Survey on Crime and Safety from the Department of Education, the present research assessed the effectiveness of supportive programs and the impact of punitive responses to school violence within predominantly minority schools.
  • 993
  • 13 Jul 2022
Topic Review
Mexico Gunshot Reports on Twitter
The quarantine and stay-at-home measures implemented by most governments significantly impacted the volume and distribution of crime, and already, a body of literature exists that focuses on the effects of lockdown on crime. However, the effects of lockdown on firearm violence have yet to be studied. Within this context, this study analyzes reports of gunshots in Mexico City registered on Twitter from October 2018 to 2019 (pre-COVID-19) and from October 2019 to 2020 (during COVID-19), using a combination of spatial (nearest neighbor ratio, Ripley’s K function and kernel estimation) and non-spatial (Fisher’s exact test) methods. The results indicate a spatial concentration of gunshot reports in Mexico City and a reduction in frequency of reports during the pandemic. While they show no change in the overall concentration of gunshots during lockdown, they do indicate an expansion in the patterns of spatial intensity (moving from the west to the center of the city). One possible explanation is the capacity of possible victims of firearm crimes in certain municipalities to comply with lockdown measures and thus avoid exposure to such crimes. 
  • 918
  • 23 Aug 2021
Topic Review Peer Reviewed
Translational Criminology: A United States Orientation
Translational criminology is the process of using scientific findings to inform criminal justice policy and practice. While seemingly straightforward, the translational process can encounter barriers, including politics, ideology, resource constraints, and causal uncertainty. Despite these challenges, promising practices, including mutually beneficial partnerships and the use of champions, have allowed translational criminology to advance.
  • 912
  • 16 Sep 2025
Topic Review
Cryptocurrency and Blockchain Technology
Cryptocurrency has exploded in popularity, with Bitcoin adopted as a national currency in two countries. The blockchain technology on which cryptocurrency is built is an important tool used not only to facilitate a medium of exchange but also in many industries, including healthcare and education. As with all technologies, blockchain is a tool and can be abused by malicious actors. However, the decentralised nature of the technology creates an obstacle to establishing jurisdiction in transnational crimes.
  • 874
  • 17 Nov 2023
Biography
Lina Dweirj
Lina Dweirj (born 1992) is a scholar and researcher specializing in socio-translation studies and Qur’anic interpretation. She earned her Ph.D. from Western Sydney University, Australia, where her research focused on the theological, linguistic, and social dimensions of metaphorical nuances in Qur’anic mutashabeh verses. With a strong academic background that combines literary studies, trans
  • 187
  • 25 Sep 2025
Topic Review Peer Reviewed
Perceptions of Sexual Offenders (PSO) Scale
Derived from the Community Attitudes Toward Sex Offenders scale (CATSO), the Perceptions of Sex Offenders (PSO) scale is 20-item instrument designed to be a practical and accurate assessment of perceptions of those who have offended sexually. The PSO was developed by Harper and Hogue through a revision of the CATSO scale, incorporating exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses with new validation samples. A three-factor scale emerged which assesses perceptions related to the sentencing and management of sexual offenders, stereotype endorsement of the person who offends sexually, and perception of the person who has offended sexually as a continued risk. This entry outlines the historical context of the PSO and the social science literature in which the instrument has been used. As well, this entry describes the development and psychometric properties of the PSO as well as the potential uses of the instrument in non-academic settings (e.g., judicial, restorative justice).
  • 102
  • 16 Oct 2025
Topic Review
Durkheim, Anomie, Crime, and Punishment
Emile Durkheim is well known but poorly understood in the disciplines of criminology and criminal justice. His concept of anomie is often oversimplified to mean a state of normlessness. In fact, there are five related conceptions of the concept stated in his works. The purpose of this work is to summarize what is known about relationships between anomie, crime, and punishment. Whereas there is more evidence supporting relationships between anomie and various types of crime, the evidence with regard to the relationship between anomie and punishment is far less clear. This article attempts to provide clarity.
  • 1
  • 05 Dec 2025
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