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Topic Review
Lateral Flow Assays Combat Antimicrobial Resistant
Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is today universally recognised as a global threat because of the rapid emergence and dissemination of resistant bacteria and genes among humans, animals, and the environment on a global scale. AMR thus represents a heavy burden for healthcare systems all over the world. ESKAPE pathogens (Enterococcus faecium, Staphylococcus aureus, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Acinetobacter baumannii, Pseudomonas aeruginosa et Enterobacter spp.) combined with antibiotic resistance have greatly increased the risk of morbidity and mortality, especially in ICU settings. Lateral flow assays (LFA) are inexpensive, rapid, and efficient tools that are easy to implement in the routine workflow of laboratories as new first-line tests against AMR with bacterial colonies, and in the near future directly with biological media.
  • 1.0K
  • 15 Aug 2022
Topic Review
Magnetic Fields and Cancer
Humans are exposed to a complex mix of man-made electric and magnetic fields (MFs) at many different frequencies, at home and at work. Epidemiological studies indicate that there is a positive relationship between residential/domestic and occupational exposure to extremely low frequency electromagnetic fields and some types of cancer.
  • 1.0K
  • 10 Feb 2022
Topic Review
COVID-19 Pandemic in Lifestyle
The spread of the COVID-19 (SARS-CoV-2) pandemic worldwide has forced countries to handle the crisis in different ways, declaring a national state of alarm and establishing a mandatory home lockdown. The COVID-19 infection represents a strong stress stimulus, which can induce high levels of perceived risk, fear, and anger, while forced quarantine at home may provoke an experience of boredom and loneliness, eliciting negative mental and behavioural responses in people. Furthermore, the more time people remain at home, the more intense the resulting mental, emotional and lifestyle problems.
  • 1.0K
  • 08 Oct 2021
Topic Review
Glycolysis and ER Stress
Glycolysis and ER stress have been considered important drivers of pulmonary fibrosis. However, it is not clear whether glycolysis and ER stress are interconnected and if those interconnections regulate the development of pulmonary fibrosis.
  • 1.0K
  • 17 Mar 2022
Topic Review
Effect of PFAS Molecules for the Human Health
Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are a group of over 4700 heterogeneous compounds with amphipathic properties and exceptional stability to chemical and thermal degradation. The unique properties of PFAS compounds has been exploited for almost 60 years and has largely contributed to their wide applicability over a vast range of industrial, professional and non-professional uses. However, increasing evidence indicate that these compounds represent also a serious concern for both wildlife and human health as a result of their ubiquitous distribution, their extreme persistence and their bioaccumulative potential. In light of the adverse effects that have been already documented in biota and human populations or that might occur in absence of prompt interventions, the competent authorities in matter of health and environment protection, the industries as well as scientists are cooperating to identify the most appropriate regulatory measures, substitution plans and remediation technologies to mitigate PFAS impacts.
  • 1.0K
  • 08 Feb 2022
Topic Review
COVID-19 Diseases in Lipid Metabolism Pregnancy Women
Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) is an infectious disease caused by SARS-CoV-2. Elderly people, people with immunodeficiency, autoimmune and malignant diseases, as well as people with chronic diseases have a higher risk of developing more severe forms of the disease. Pregnant women and children can becomesick, although more often they are only the carriers of the virus. Studies have indicated that infants can also be infected by SARS-CoV-2 and develop a severe form of the disease with a fatal outcome. Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS) ina pregnant woman can affect the supply of oxygen to the fetus and initiate the mechanism of metabolic disorders of the fetus and newborn caused by asphyxia. The initial metabolic response of the newborn to the lack of oxygen in the tissues is the activation of anaerobic glycolysis in the tissues and an increase in the concentration of lactate and ketones. Lipid peroxidation, especially in nerve cells, is catalyzed by iron released from hemoglobin, transferrin and ferritin, whose release is induced by tissue acidosis and free oxygen radicals. Ferroptosis-inducing factors can directly or indirectly affect glutathione peroxidase through various pathways, resulting in a decrease in the antioxidant capacity and accumulation of lipid reactive oxygen species (ROS) in the cells, ultimately leading to oxidative cell stress, and finally, death.
  • 1.0K
  • 15 Dec 2022
Topic Review
Reducing the Children’s Intake of Ultra-Processed Foods
Excessive fat and fatty acids intake are associated with significant health hazards such as obesity or chronic diseases. The implementation of a relevant strategy for fat reduction, especially from ultra-processed foods, considered as low nutrient energy-dense products, is needed to promote health among children and prevent diet-related chronic diseases.
  • 1.0K
  • 29 Jan 2022
Topic Review
Sexually Transmitted Infections (STIs)
Recent estimates of 8 common bacterial, viral, and parasitic sexually-transmitted infections in the United States (chlamydia, gonorrhea, trichomoniasis, syphilis, herpes simplex virus type 2, human papillomavirus, hepatitis B virus, and human immunodeficiency virus) found them to have a combined prevalence of 67.6 million and incidence of 26.2 million. Though preventative health guidelines have clarified screening recommendations for some populations, many bacterial sexually-transmitted infections (STIs) are asymptomatic, leading to missed opportunities for diagnosis and underreporting of disease prevalence and incidence. The best available estimates, published in early 2021, are from 2018. Overall, it is thought that 1 in 5 people in the United States has an STI, with 45.5% of all new STIs occurring in adolescents and young adults. New infections amount to $16 billion in direct medical costs.
  • 1.0K
  • 24 Jan 2022
Topic Review
Toxicology and Gut Microbiota
In recent years, new targets have been included between the health outcomes induced by pesticide exposure. The gastrointestinal tract is a key physical and biological barrier and it represents a primary site of exposure to toxic agents. Recently, the intestinal microbiota has emerged as a notable factor regulating pesticides’ toxicity. However, the specific mechanisms related to this interaction are not well known.
  • 1.0K
  • 09 Jun 2021
Topic Review
Climate Change and Mental Health
Anthropogenic climate change is an existential threat whose influences continue to increase in severity. It is pivotal to understand the implications of climate change and their effects on mental health. Empirical evidence has begun to indicate that negative mental health outcomes are a relevant and notable consequence of climate change. Specifically, these negative outcomes range from increased rates of psychiatric diagnoses such as depression, anxiety and post-traumatic stress disorder to higher measures of suicide, aggression and crime. Potential mechanisms are thought to include neuroinflammatory responses to stress, maladaptive serotonergic receptors and detrimental effects on one’s own physical health, as well as the community wellbeing. 
  • 1.0K
  • 04 Jan 2023
Topic Review
Schistosomiasis in Japan
Schistosomiasis is a water-borne parasitic disease distributed worldwide, and schistosomiasis japonica is prevalent in the People’s Republic of China, the Philippines, and a few regions of Indonesia. Although significant achievements have been obtained in these endemic countries, great challenges still exist to reach the elimination of schistosomiasis japonica, as the occurrence of flooding can lead to several adverse consequences on the prevalence of schistosomiasis.
  • 1.0K
  • 06 Dec 2021
Topic Review
Krisna Hospital Case Study
Managing a healthcare facility recommends an optimal use of the available frameworks and techniques to improve the existing situations. The case provides a critical review of Krisna Hospital implementing managerial techniques to improve patient care. As an organization, its management is placed into consideration, and ascertains to execute organizational change theories for effective implementation of the efficient managerial techniques.
  • 1.0K
  • 10 Jan 2022
Topic Review
Molecular Techniques for Schistosomiasis
Diagnostic tools play a pivotal role in warfare against schistosomiasis but must adapt to the endemic status and objectives of activities. With the decrease of prevalence and infection intensity of schistosomiasis in human beings and livestock, optimal methodologies with high sensitivity and absolute specificity are needed for the detection of asymptomatic cases or light infections, as well as disease surveillance to verify elimination. In comparison with the parasitological methods with relatively low sensitivity and serological techniques lacking specificity, which both had been widely used in previous control stages, the molecular detection methods based on the amplification of promising genes of the schistosome genome may pick up the baton to assist the eventual aim of elimination.
  • 1.0K
  • 29 Mar 2022
Topic Review
Public Health Concerns Related to Pesticide Exposure
One of the major issues related to food safety is the lack of globally harmonized pesticide legislation and safety standards. Pesticide maximum residue levels (MRLs) in foods and feeds significantly differ, especially among developed and developing countries. The differences in regulations also cause trade issues since many developing countries use unauthorized pesticides or different MRLs.
  • 1.0K
  • 04 Aug 2023
Topic Review
Effects of Methylmercury plus Ethanol Exposure on Emotionality
Mercury is a heavy metal found in organic and inorganic forms that represents an important toxicant with impact on human health. Mercury can be released in the environment by natural phenoms (i.e., volcanic eruptions), industrial products, waste, or anthropogenic actions (i.e., mining activity). 
  • 1.0K
  • 10 Dec 2021
Topic Review
Athletes during an Ramadan Fasting Period
The Ramadan fasting period (RFP) means abstaining from consuming food and/or beverages during certain hours of the day—from sunrise to sunset. Engaging in exercise and sports during the RFP leads to the lipolysis of adipose tissue and an increase in the breakdown of peripheral fat, leading to an increase in fat consumption. The effects of the RFP on functional, hematological, and metabolic parameters needs further study as existing studies have reported contradictory results. The differences in the results of various studies are due to the geographical characteristics of Muslim athletes, their specific diets, and their genetics, which explain these variations.
  • 1.0K
  • 30 Aug 2022
Topic Review
NcRNAs in Human Diseases
The mammalian genome comprehends a small minority of genes that encode for proteins (barely 2% of the total genome in humans) and an immense majority of genes that are transcribed into RNA but not encoded for proteins (ncRNAs). These non-coding genes are intimately related to the expression regulation of protein-coding genes. The ncRNAs subtypes differ in their size, so there are long non-coding genes (lncRNAs) and other smaller ones, like microRNAs (miRNAs) and piwi-interacting RNAs (piRNAs). Due to their important role in the maintenance of cellular functioning, any deregulation of the expression profiles of these ncRNAs can dissemble in the development of different types of diseases, such as cancer, neurodegenerative, or cardiovascular disorders.
  • 1.0K
  • 16 Mar 2021
Topic Review
Emerging Flavored Oral Nicotine Pouches
Oral Nicotine Pouches (ONPs) are the new form of nicotine pouches that have become a type of emerging smokeless tobacco product sold by various tobacco companies. These smokeless tobacco products are marketed for usage all over as snus containing tobacco-derived nicotine (natural) or as tobacco-free nicotine (synthetic) as substitutes for other tobacco products. Based on perception and socio-behavioral aspects, ONPs have become popular tobacco products among adolescents/young adults, and over 50% of young adult users of ONP use flavored ONPs, such as menthol/mint, tobacco, dessert/candy, and fruity, which are the most popular flavors. Various new ONP flavors are currently popular locally as well as in the online market. Tobacco, menthol, and fruit-flavored ONPs could motivate cigarette smokers to change to ONPs. 
  • 1.0K
  • 03 May 2023
Topic Review
One Health Approach
The One Health approach incorporates human, animal, and plant health, as well as the health of their shared environment, for supporting a multidisciplinary and holistic approach that integrates monitoring, planning, and evaluation to optimize co-benefits and public health outcomes. In addition, the One Health approach supports global health by fostering coordination, collaboration, and communication among different sectors at the human–animal–environment interface to address common health threats such as antimicrobial resistance (AMR), food safety, zoonotic diseases, and several others.
  • 1.0K
  • 21 Apr 2023
Topic Review
Urological Safety and COVID-19 Vaccinations
During the COVID-19 pandemic, elective surgeries were suspended for many months, and only high-risk oncological cases were addressed, although an ambulatory follow-up and management of benign conditions, which can cause lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS), were essential. In neurologic patients, for example, LUTS have a great impact on quality of life and social life, and their clinical conditions can seriously worsen if not properly addressed.
  • 1.0K
  • 24 Nov 2022
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