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Topic Review
Performance Analysis in MANET
A mobile ad hoc network (MANET) is an infrastructure-less network where mobile nodes can share information through wireless links without dedicated hardware that handles the network routing. MANETs’ nodes create on-the-fly connections with each other to share information, and they frequently join and leave MANET during run time. Therefore, flexibility in MANETs is needed to be able to handle variations in the number of existing network nodes. An effective routing protocol should be used to be able to route data packets within this dynamic network. Lacking centralized infrastructure in MANETs makes it harder to secure communication between network nodes, and this lack of infrastructure makes network nodes vulnerable to harmful attacks. Testbeds might be used to test MANETs under specific conditions, but researchers prefer to use simulators to obtain more flexibility and less cost during MANETs’ environment setup and testing. A MANET’s environment is dependent on the required scenario, and an appropriate choice of the used simulator that fulfills the researcher’s needs is important. Furthermore, researchers need to define the simulation parameters and the other parameters required by the routing protocol used. In addition, if the MANET’s environment handles some conditions where malicious nodes perform network attacks, the parameters affecting the MANET from the attack perspective need to be understood.
  • 1.0K
  • 26 Apr 2023
Topic Review
Technological Ecosystem for Telepresence Distance Education
One of the most significant challenges of telepresence distance education is to bring the professor and the students closer together in a synchronistic educational experience where the professor is perceived as anatomically proportionate. Telepresence, an educational technology ecosystem using holograms, offers a way to solve this technological challenge.
  • 1.0K
  • 15 Feb 2022
Topic Review
Cancellation (Broadcasting)
In broadcasting, cancellation refers to when a radio or television program is abruptly ended by orders of the network or syndicator that distributes the show. Programs are typically cancelled for financial reasons; low viewership or listenership will lead to lower advertising or subscription revenue, prompting networks to replace it with another show with the potential to turn a larger profit. Likewise, a disproportionately high budget is potentially undesirable (this is somewhat complicated, as prominent programs have effects on the viewership of programs that air before and after; an expensive program may be worth the cost—a loss leader—if it increases the ratings of other shows on the network, while a profitable low-budget show may still be cancelled if it lowers the ratings of the surrounding programs). Other potential reasons for canceling television programs include unfavorable critical reviews, controversies involving the program's cast, conflicts among the show's staff members or to make room for new programming. Shows whose runs end due to a mutual creative decision by its creators, producers, cast, and the network it airs on (such as Seinfeld, The Sopranos, or The Cosby Show) are not considered to be "cancelled" but rather "concluded" or "ended", with a special last episode called its series finale. Even so, programs that end their runs in this manner are sometimes incorrectly stated to have been cancelled, even if the program was renewed for a final season (such as with American Idol, by which the term was incorrectly applied upon the announcement of Fox, Fremantle Media and 19 Entertainment's decision to renew the show for a 15th and final season in May 2015 to air in 2016); shows that are cancelled traditionally end their runs during the television season in which the program airs first-run episodes at the time, either effective immediately after the announcement is made by the network or until all remaining episodes are broadcast. The Friday night death slot is a perceived graveyard slot in United States television, referring to the idea that a television program in the United States scheduled on Friday evenings is highly likely to be canceled.
  • 1.0K
  • 28 Oct 2022
Topic Review
Wireless Gigabit Alliance
The Wireless Gigabit Alliance (WiGig) was a trade association that developed and promoted the adoption of multi-gigabit per second speed wireless communications technology operating over the unlicensed 60 GHz frequency band. The alliance was subsumed by the Wi-Fi Alliance in March 2013. The formation of the WiGig alliance to promote the IEEE 802.11ad protocol was announced in May 2009. The completed version 1.0 WiGig specification was announced in December 2009. In May 2010, WiGig announced the publication of its specification, the opening of its Adopter Program, and the liaison agreement with the Wi-Fi Alliance to cooperate on the expansion of Wi-Fi technologies. In June 2011, WiGig announced the release of its certification-ready version 1.1 specification. The WiGig specification allows devices to communicate without wires at multi-gigabit speeds. It enables high performance wireless data, display and audio applications that supplement the capabilities of previous wireless LAN devices. WiGig tri-band enabled devices, which operate in the 2.4, 5 and 60 GHz bands, deliver data transfer rates up to 7 Gbit/s, about as fast as an 8-band 802.11ac transmission, and more than 11 times faster than the highest 802.11n rate, while maintaining compatibility with existing Wi-Fi devices. The 60 GHz signal cannot typically penetrate walls but can propagate off reflections from walls, ceilings, floors and objects using beamforming built into the WiGig system. When roaming away from the main room, the protocol can switch to make use of the other lower bands at a much lower rate, both of which can propagate through walls.
  • 1.0K
  • 17 Oct 2022
Topic Review
Deployment Optimization for UAV–IoT Networks
Unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) are widely used in Internet-of-Things (IoT) networks, especially in remote areas where communication infrastructure is unavailable, due to flexibility and low cost. However, the joint optimization of locations of UAVs and relay path selection can be very challenging, especially when the numbers of IoT devices and UAVs are very large.
  • 1.0K
  • 28 Sep 2022
Topic Review
Current Adaptive Optics Developments for Uplink Correction
Conventionally used in astronomy, adaptive optics (AO) systems measure and correct for turbulence and, therefore, have the capability to mitigate the impact of the atmosphere on the ground-to-space communication links. Historically, there have been two main streams, respectively, advocating to use or not use adaptive optics on optical communications.
  • 1.0K
  • 07 Aug 2023
Topic Review
Federated Learning-Based Consumption Prediction in Smart Homes
Smart homes, powered mostly by Internet of Things (IoT) devices, have become very popular nowadays due to their ability to provide a holistic approach towards effective energy management. This is made feasible via the deployment of multiple sensors, which enables predicting energy consumption via machine learning approaches.
  • 990
  • 26 Jul 2023
Topic Review
Guitar Technician
A guitar technician (or 'guitar tech') is a member of a music ensemble's road crew who maintains and sets up the musical equipment for one or more guitarists. Depending on the type and size of band, the guitar tech may be responsible for stringing, tuning, and adjusting electric guitars and acoustic guitars, and maintaining and setting up guitar amplifiers and other related electronic equipment such as effect pedals. Once the guitar equipment has been set up onstage, the guitar tech does a soundcheck to ensure that the equipment is working well. If there are any problems, the guitar tech replaces or repairs the faulty components or equipment. Since guitar techs need to soundcheck the instruments and amplifiers, they must have basic guitar-playing skills, a musical "ear" for tuning, and a familiarity with the way guitars, amplifiers, and effect pedals are supposed to sound in the style of music of their band. Guitar techs learn their craft either "on the job", by working in a range of music, sound engineering, and instrument repair jobs; by completing a guitar repair program at a college or lutherie school; or from a combination of these two routes. The salaries and conditions of work for guitar techs vary widely, depending on whether a guitar tech is working for a minor or regional touring bar band or a major international touring act.
  • 976
  • 06 Dec 2022
Topic Review
Guest Host
A guest host (or guest presenter in the United Kingdom) is a host, usually of a talk show, that hosts the program in lieu of the regular host if they fall ill, have another project or commitment, or are unable to host for some other reason. Guest hosts may be seen as undesirable for a show's producer if they have to be used for an extended period of time, but if they do a well enough job, the guest host may often be able to parlay their run into their own talk show or other project.
  • 933
  • 27 Oct 2022
Topic Review
Trusted Access Authentication Technology for Large-Scale Heterogeneous Terminals
A reliable and lightweight trusted access authentication solution for systems with large-scale heterogeneous terminals was introduced. By cloud, edge, and local servers cooperating to execute authentication tasks, the cloud-edge-end collaborative architecture effectively alleviates the authentication delay caused by high concurrent requests. Each server in the architecture deploys a well-designed unified trusted access authentication (UATT) model based on device fingerprints. With ingenious data construction and powerful swin-transformer network, UATT model can provide robust and low-overhead authentication services for heterogeneous terminals. To minimize authentication latency, an A2C-based authentication task scheduling scheme is used to decide which server executes the current task. 
  • 922
  • 05 Jun 2023
Topic Review
Intelligent Reflecting Surface Assisted Localization
Future generation communication systems are aiming to provide a tremendous high data rate with low-latency high reliable and three-dimensional coverage. To achieve such a challenging goal, it is required to have very precise location information related to the mobile terminal. The advancement of signal processing techniques and communication technologies enables the path for improving localization performance. Intelligent reflecting surface (IRS) has been widely considered as the key element for the future generation of wireless communication. Over the past, the performance of IRS-assisted networks is extensively investigated from the point of view of communication purposes and its improvement. However, by virtue of its potential, IRS finds its application for wireless localization.
  • 921
  • 13 Jul 2022
Topic Review
Immersive Media
Immersive Media Company (IMC) is a digital imaging company specializing in spherical immersive video. The parent company Immersive Ventures is headquartered in Kelowna, British Columbia with Immersive Media Company offices in Dallas, Texas .
  • 915
  • 21 Oct 2022
Topic Review
Antenna Interface Standards Group
The Antenna Interface Standards Group (commonly referred to as AISG) is a non-profit international consortium formed by collaboration between communication infrastructure manufacturers and network operators with the purpose of maintaining and developing a standard for digital remote control and monitoring of antenna line devices in the wireless industry. The consortium was established in November 2001 with five original members, and as of March 2019 had 45 worldwide members based in North America, Asia, Europe, and the South Pacific. The consortium has released four versions of its base communication standard, AISG v1.0, AISG v1.1, AISG v2.0 and AISG v3.0. The consortium has also released stand alone standards that specify details related to its base standard. These standards include a standard for the connector used in AISG RS-485 based bus, standard for RF connector markings on the antenna faceplate and standards for distributing software and configuration files wrapped in XML. All published AISG standards can be downloaded from the AISG webpage.
  • 905
  • 17 Oct 2022
Topic Review
Earthquake Early Warning
Earthquake early warning (EEW) systems have been rapidly developing as a result of the development of information technology. EEW systems are able to analyze ground motions in real time and provide alerts before the onset of the destructive seismic waves at specific targets. EEW systems can be divided into on-site, regional, and hybrid EEW systems. In regional EEW systems, a sequence of streams from different stations  are analyzed at a central hub through a “picking” algorithm that is able to detect P-wave onsets in the seismic traces of multiple stations, and then use this information for earthquake localization and event declaration. On the contrary, an on-site EEW system is based on sensors installed near a target to monitor, where an intensity estimation is produced based on the initial P-wave detection at the target. Lastly, these two approaches are combined in a hybrid EEW system. Early alarm dissemination and source localization through EEW systems might allow the end-users of these system to take precautionary measures, aid disaster responders, and automate safety measures in certain scenarios, with important benefits in terms of risk reduction, first response, and disaster management.
  • 899
  • 26 Oct 2023
Topic Review
LoRa Communication Using TVWS Frequencies
Low power wide area network (LPWAN) is a wireless communication technology that offers large coverage, low data rates, and low power consumption, making it a suitable choice for the growing Internet of Things and machine-to-machine communication applications. Long range (LoRa), an LPWAN technology, has been used in the industrial, scientific and medical (ISM) band for various low-power wireless applications. TV white spaces (TVWS) are capable of transmitting signals over longer distances and do not require perfect line-of-sight transmission. They offer good coverage and stronger signals even in rural areas. TVWS frequencies can offer an alternative spectrum for LoRa-based LPWAN applications with reduced coexistence and interference issues and a further increase in the communication range for outdoor applications.
  • 891
  • 24 Aug 2023
Topic Review
Specifications of 5G Cell Search
5G Cell Search (CS) is the first step for user equipment (UE) to initiate communication with the 5G node B (gNB) every time it is powered ON. In cellular networks, CS is accomplished via synchronization signals (SS) broadcasted by gNB. 5G 3rd generation partnership project (3GPP) specifications offer a detailed discussion on the SS generation at gNB, but a limited understanding of their blind search and detection is available. 
  • 888
  • 10 Oct 2023
Topic Review
Atari VCS (2020 Console)
Atari VCS (codename Ataribox) is an upcoming home video game console produced by Atari SA. The system was first revealed in June 2017 and pre-orders began on May 30, 2018. After several delays, the console was expected to ship in March 2020, but was delayed again due to the COVID-19 pandemic. While its physical design is intended to pay homage to the Atari 2600, the new Atari VCS is expected to play modern games and streaming entertainment via a Linux-based operating system that will allow users to download and install other compatible games onto it. The system shares a name with Atari, Inc.'s 1977 Video Computer System, usually shortened to VCS, which was renamed to the Atari 2600 in late 1982.
  • 887
  • 04 Nov 2022
Topic Review
Electric Beacon
In navigation, an electric beacon (or electromagnetic beacon) is a kind of beacon, a device which marks a fixed location and allows direction finding equipment to find relative bearing, the direction to the beacon. The most common are radio beacons, which broadcast a radio signal which is picked up by radio direction finding systems on ships, aircraft and vehicles to determine the bearing to the beacon, but the term also covers infrared and sonar beacons.
  • 884
  • 23 Nov 2022
Topic Review
Packet Reordering in the Era of 6G
The advent of sixth-generation (6G) networks brings unmatched speed, reliability, and capacity for massive connections, making it a cornerstone for revolutionary applications. One such application is in vehicular networks, which have their unique demands and complexities. Specifically, they face the complex issue of packet reordering due to the high-speed movement of vehicles and frequent switching of network connections.
  • 860
  • 25 Aug 2023
Topic Review
Single Cable Distribution
Single cable distribution is a satellite TV technology that enables the delivery of broadcast programming to multiple users over a single coaxial cable, and eliminates the numerous cables required to support consumer electronics devices such as twin-tuner Digital Video Recorders (DVRs) and high end receivers. Without single cable distribution, providing full spectrum access for multiple receivers, or receivers with multiple tuners, in a single family home has required a separate coaxial cable feeding each tuner from the antenna equipment (either multiple LNBs, a multi-output LNB or a multiswitch distribution system) because of the large bandwidth requirement of the signals. Single cable distribution technology enables one coaxial cable from the antenna equipment to multiple tuners, to provide independent tuning across the whole range of satellite reception for each tuner. A European industry standard for distributing satellite signals over a single coaxial cable - CENELEC EN50494 - was defined in 2007 and developed by a consortium led by SES. Single cable distribution technology can be found in commercial equipment with the Unicable trademark from FTA Communications Technologies. Unicable uses an integrated software and hardware solution that allows Unicable-certified Digital Video Recorders and receivers to multiplex selected programming when using Unicable LNB or multiswitching products. The Unicable Interoperability Platform is open to companies designing and/or marketing satellite and other broadcast-related products. The platform is designed to facilitate the acceptance of Unicable-certified solutions in the consumer TV broadcast market.
  • 858
  • 14 Oct 2022
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