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Topic Review
Histiocytosis-Lymphadenopathy Plus Syndrome
Histiocytosis-lymphadenopathy plus syndrome (also known as SLC29A3 spectrum disorder) is a group of conditions with overlapping signs and symptoms that affect many parts of the body. This group of disorders includes H syndrome, pigmented hypertrichosis with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (PHID), Faisalabad histiocytosis, and familial Rosai-Dorfman disease (also known as sinus histiocytosis with massive lymphadenopathy or SHML).
  • 843
  • 23 Dec 2020
Topic Review
RUNX2
runt related transcription factor 2
  • 843
  • 24 Dec 2020
Topic Review
Erdheim-Chester Disease
Erdheim-Chester disease is a rare type of slow-growing blood cancer called a histiocytic neoplasm, which results in overproduction of cells called histiocytes. Histiocytes normally function to destroy foreign substances and protect the body from infection. In Erdheim-Chester disease, the excess production of histiocytes (histiocytosis) leads to inflammation that can damage organs and tissues throughout the body, causing them to become thickened, dense, and scarred (fibrotic); this tissue damage may lead to organ failure.
  • 843
  • 25 Dec 2020
Topic Review
GALE Gene
UDP-galactose-4-epimerase
  • 843
  • 25 Dec 2020
Topic Review
Update on Cellular Models of Striated Muscle Laminopathies
The lamin A/C gene (LMNA) codes for nuclear intermediate filaments constitutive of the nuclear lamina. LMNA has 12 exons and alternative splicing of exon 10 results in two major isoforms of the A-type lamins - lamins A and C. Mutations found throughout LMNA cause a group of diseases collectively known as laminopathies, of which the type, diversity, penetrance, and severity of phenotypes can vary from one individual to the other, even between individuals carrying the same mutation. The majority of laminopathies affect the cardiac and/or skeletal muscles. The underlying molecular mechanisms contributing to such tissue-specific phenotypes caused by mutations in a ubiquitously expressed gene are not yet well elucidated.
  • 843
  • 21 Feb 2023
Topic Review
MT-TL1 Gene
mitochondrially encoded tRNA leucine 1 (UUA/G)
  • 842
  • 23 Dec 2020
Topic Review
Chediak-Higashi Syndrome
Chediak-Higashi syndrome is a condition that affects many parts of the body, particularly the immune system. This disease damages immune system cells, leaving them less able to fight off invaders such as viruses and bacteria. As a result, most people with Chediak-Higashi syndrome have repeated and persistent infections starting in infancy or early childhood. These infections tend to be very serious or life-threatening.
  • 842
  • 24 Dec 2020
Topic Review
Ornithine Transcarbamylase Deficiency
Ornithine transcarbamylase deficiency is an inherited disorder that causes ammonia to accumulate in the blood. Ammonia, which is formed when proteins are broken down in the body, is toxic if the levels become too high. The nervous system is especially sensitive to the effects of excess ammonia.
  • 842
  • 24 Dec 2020
Topic Review
RNAse T2-Deficient Leukoencephalopathy
RNAse T2-deficient leukoencephalopathy is a disorder that affects the brain. People with RNAse T2-deficient leukoencephalopathy have neurological problems that become apparent during infancy; the problems generally do not worsen over time (progress).
  • 842
  • 04 Apr 2021
Topic Review
Familial Atrial Fibrillation
Familial atrial fibrillation is an inherited abnormality of the heart's normal rhythm.
  • 842
  • 25 Dec 2020
Topic Review
Glucose Phosphate Isomerase Deficiency
Glucose phosphate isomerase (GPI) deficiency is an inherited disorder that affects red blood cells, which carry oxygen to the body's tissues.
  • 841
  • 23 Dec 2020
Topic Review
Hypohidrotic Ectodermal Dysplasia
Hypohidrotic ectodermal dysplasia is one of more than 100 types of ectodermal dysplasia. Starting before birth, these disorders result in the abnormal development of ectodermal tissues, particularly the skin, hair, nails, teeth, and sweat glands.
  • 841
  • 23 Dec 2020
Topic Review
Familial Partial Lipodystrophy
Familial partial lipodystrophy is a rare condition characterized by an abnormal distribution of fatty (adipose) tissue. Adipose tissue is normally found in many parts of the body, including beneath the skin and surrounding the internal organs. It stores fat as a source of energy and also provides cushioning. In people with familial partial lipodystrophy, adipose tissue is lost from the arms, legs, and hips, giving these parts of the body a very muscular appearance. The fat that cannot be stored in the limbs builds up around the face and neck, and inside the abdomen. Excess fat in these areas gives individuals an appearance described as "cushingoid," because it resembles the physical features associated with a hormonal disorder called Cushing disease. This abnormal fat distribution can begin anytime from childhood to adulthood.
  • 841
  • 25 Dec 2020
Topic Review
Mycosis Fungoides
Mycosis fungoides is the most common form of a type of blood cancer called cutaneous T-cell lymphoma. Cutaneous T-cell lymphomas occur when certain white blood cells, called T cells, become cancerous; these cancers characteristically affect the skin, causing different types of skin lesions. Although the skin is involved, the skin cells themselves are not cancerous. Mycosis fungoides usually occurs in adults over age 50, although affected children have been identified.
  • 840
  • 23 Dec 2020
Topic Review
Myhre Syndrome
Myhre syndrome is a rare condition that affects connective tissue. Connective tissue provides strength and flexibility to structures throughout the body. Myhre syndrome has a variety of signs and symptoms that affect many parts of the body, though not everyone has all the possible features. The features of the condition can range in severity, and some features become more apparent with age.
  • 840
  • 23 Dec 2020
Topic Review
CYP27B1 Gene
Cytochrome P450 Family 27 Subfamily B Member 1: The CYP27B1 gene provides instructions for making an enzyme called 1-alpha-hydroxylase (1α-hydroxylase). 
  • 840
  • 23 Dec 2020
Topic Review
WT1 Gene
Wilms tumor 1: the WT1 gene provides instructions for making a protein that is necessary for the development of the kidneys and gonads (ovaries in females and testes in males) before birth. After birth, WT1 protein activity is limited to a structure known as the glomerulus, which filters blood through the kidneys. 
  • 840
  • 24 Dec 2020
Topic Review
CAV3 Gene
caveolin 3
  • 840
  • 24 Dec 2020
Topic Review
FANCG Gene
FA complementation group G
  • 840
  • 25 Dec 2020
Topic Review
Short/Branched Chain Acyl-CoA Dehydrogenase Deficiency
Short/branched chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase (SBCAD) deficiency (also known as 2-methylbutyryl-CoA dehydrogenase deficiency) is a rare disorder in which the body is unable to process proteins properly.
  • 840
  • 25 Dec 2020
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