You're using an outdated browser. Please upgrade to a modern browser for the best experience.
Subject:
All Disciplines Arts & Humanities Biology & Life Sciences Business & Economics Chemistry & Materials Science Computer Science & Mathematics Engineering Environmental & Earth Sciences Medicine & Pharmacology Physical Sciences Public Health & Healthcare Social Sciences
Sort by:
Most Viewed Latest Alphabetical (A-Z) Alphabetical (Z-A)
Filter:
All Topic Review Biography Peer Reviewed Entry Video Entry
Topic Review Peer Reviewed
Higher Cognition: A Mechanical Perspective
Cognition is the acquisition of knowledge by the mechanical process of information flow in a system. In cognition, input is received by the sensory modalities and the output may occur as a motor or other response. The sensory information is internally transformed to a set of representations, which is the basis for downstream cognitive processing. This is in contrast to the traditional definition based on mental processes, a phenomenon of the mind that originates in past ideas of philosophy.
  • 1.2K
  • 23 Aug 2022
Topic Review
The Geometric World of Fishes
Spatial orientation may be led by the distinctive geometry of an environment: fish can use metric and left-right direction to reach convenient locations, such as a foraging site. This remarkable capacity requires to handle the macrostructural characteristics of space, which are based on the Euclidean concepts of point, surface, and boundary.
  • 1.2K
  • 29 Aug 2022
Topic Review
Implicit-Association Test
The implicit-association test (IAT) is a controversial assessment intended to detect subconscious associations between mental representations of objects (concepts) in memory. Its best-known application is the assessment of implicit stereotypes held by test subjects, such as associations between particular racial categories and stereotypes about those groups. The test has been applied to a variety of belief associations, such as those involving racial groups, gender, sexuality, age, and religion but also the self-esteem, political views, and predictions of the test taker. The implicit-association test is the subject of significant academic and popular debate regarding its validity, reliability, and usefulness in assessing implicit bias. The IAT was introduced in the scientific literature in 1998 by Anthony Greenwald, Debbie McGhee, and Jordan Schwartz. The IAT is now widely used in social psychology research and, to some extent, in clinical, cognitive, and developmental psychology research. More recently, the IAT has been used as an assessment in implicit bias trainings, which claim to reduce the unconscious bias and discriminatory behavior of participants.
  • 1.2K
  • 04 Nov 2022
Topic Review
Emotional Clarity and Emotional Intelligence Ability
Emotional clarity is one facet of emotional intelligence that refers to one’s meta-understanding of and ability to identify and describe feelings. The existing research has largely focused on trait (typical levels of) emotional clarity and its benefits for greater psychological well-being, more successful emotion regulation/coping, and diminished psychopathology. Emerging work is focused on characterizing the dynamic nature of emotion clarity in daily life which may provide insights into how emotional intelligence is engaged in everyday life. 
  • 1.2K
  • 30 Oct 2023
Topic Review
Relationship between Nomophobia and Everyday Functioning
The concept of nomophobia is a relatively new and is defined as the fear of not being able to use all the features and benefits provided by smartphones.
  • 1.2K
  • 05 Aug 2022
Topic Review
Systemic Alternative in Psychiatry
The alternative systemic approach to mental health issues and of a more humane mental health care system suggests focusing on understanding mental distress as stemming from problems in living, using medications as agents facilitating psychotherapy, or as a last resort and short-term help, according to the principles of harm reduction. It argues that understanding drugs as psychoactive substances and studying the subjective effects they produce could lead to better utilization of medications and improvements in terms of conceptualizing and assessing treatment effects. Qualitative research could be particularly useful in that regard. It also advocates a radical departure from current diagnostic systems and proposes a synthesis of already existing alternatives to be used for both research and clinical purposes.
  • 1.2K
  • 13 Jul 2021
Topic Review
Mathematics Anxiety at different schooling conditions during COVID-19
The COVID-19 pandemic has caused unprecedented changes in the educational system, requiring students to continually switch between distance and in-person learning conditions. During the second wave of COVID-19, 405 students, recruited from twelve middle schools of Catania province (Italy), completed an online version of the MeMa questionnaire, answering each item twice and imagining themselves to be, respectively, in distance and in-person learning conditions.
  • 1.2K
  • 04 Jul 2022
Topic Review
Focused-Attention Meditation
Focused-Attention Meditation emphasizes concentration and requires that you try to focus on mental and sensory activities such as feeling the breath, repeating words (mantras), and imagining images without any interference of thoughts and feelings. Focused-Attention Meditation means focusing your attention on something in the present moment, such as a sound (birdsong), an image (the ocean), an action (breathing), reaching a state of ecstasy.
  • 1.2K
  • 26 May 2022
Topic Review
Restorative Justice and Restorative Practices at School
The use of restorative justice (RJ) and restorative practices (RP) in schools has grown rapidly. RP can improve the school climate, discipline, positive conflict management through actions that aim at preventing suspensions, exclusions, conflicts, and misbehaviours (e.g., bullying). RJ practices promote positive relationships between peers and between students and teachers, as well as to prosocial behaviours through the development of social and emotional skills. 
  • 1.2K
  • 24 Jan 2022
Topic Review
Waste Management Policies and Self-Enhancement Bias
Waste source separation has been a social dilemma globally with a low participation rate. 
  • 1.2K
  • 20 Dec 2021
Topic Review
Autism Spectrum Disorder and Screen Time
There is growing evidence that prevalence rates of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) are increasing. A number of factors appear to contribute to this increase, including excessive screen time. Screen time seems to be linked to the severity of the symptoms of ASD. 
  • 1.2K
  • 26 Feb 2024
Topic Review
Luxury Tourism Consumption in the Accommodation Sector
The specific sector of luxury tourism is constantly growing, sustaining a steady and significant growth rate despite the crisis. What emerged, particularly in relation to this industry, was a real democratization of luxury, where the product/service chosen and purchased is not only seen as desired and desirable, but it is also a possibility to occasionally allow the best for oneself. Despite the different luxury tourism travel typologies, a central and common element to all typologies appears to be the experiential one, which is entirely consistent with what has been indicated above. The luxury hospitality sector is also moving in this direction, assigning equal importance to different needs: on the one hand, there is a focus on style, comfort, service, and pampering, and on the other hand, there is a search for a connection with the territory, and an effort to propose full emotional and intense tourism experiences.
  • 1.2K
  • 18 Apr 2022
Topic Review
AI Agent Model for Extrinsic Emotion Regulation
Emotion regulation is the human ability to modulate one’s or other emotions to maintain emotional well-being. Despite its importance, only a few computational models have been proposed for facilitating emotion regulation. To address this gap, a computational model for intelligent agents has been proposed for facilitating emotion regulation in individuals. This model is grounded in a multidimensional emotion representation and on J. Gross’s theoretical framework of emotion regulation. In this apporach, an intelligent agent selects the most appropriate regulation strategies to reach or maintain an individual’s emotional equilibrium considering the individual’s personality traits and specific characteristics.
  • 1.2K
  • 11 Mar 2024
Topic Review
External Memory (Psychology)
External memory is memory that uses cues from the environment to aid remembrance of ideas and sensations. When a person uses something beside one's own internal memory tricks, traits, or talents to help them remember certain events, facts, or even things to do, they are using an external memory aid. External memory aids are used every day. A large part of these aids come from technology; people use their smartphones to remind them when they have meetings and Facebook reminds people of their friends' birthdays. These aids also include taking notes in class, carrying a grocery list to the supermarket, or jotting down dates on a planner. Even people, or prompters, can be used as external memory aids.
  • 1.1K
  • 29 Nov 2022
Topic Review
COVID-19 Peritraumatic Distress and Loneliness
Since the World Health Organization declared COVID-19 as a pandemic, the virus and the related restriction measures such as lockdown and social distancing have resulted in adverse psychological impacts. Research has reported an increase in depression and anxiety symptoms, as well as worry and stress during the pandemic.
  • 1.1K
  • 16 Aug 2022
Topic Review
Promoting Mental Health at Schools Program
Promoting Mental Health at Schools (PROMEHS) is a European, school-based, universal mental health program explicitly focused on both promoting students’ mental health and preventing negative conduct by adopting a whole-school approach.
  • 1.1K
  • 26 Jun 2023
Topic Review
Sensitive Caregiver
Sensitive caregiver–child interactions appear fundamental throughout childhood, supporting infants’ wellbeing and development not only in a familial context but in professional caregiving as well.
  • 1.1K
  • 24 Nov 2021
Topic Review
Interventions for Preventing the Development of Psychopathic Traits
Individuals with the combination of psychopathy and severe conduct disorder often get in a lot of trouble from their early childhood, and can cause great suffering and problems for other people and their immediate environment. Their antisocial behaviour has a tendency to develop into a chronic pattern early in life, and the treatment prognosis in adulthood is poor. A large proportion of serious violent crimes in society can be attributed to this group of perpetrators. Until recently, it has been unclear whether traits of this type can be prevented or changed, so that these individuals and their surroundings can benefit from targeted treatments at an early stage. To reduce serious crime in a society, it is very important to develop effective measures for this particular group. 
  • 1.1K
  • 07 Mar 2022
Topic Review
Face Cognition
The term Face Cognition (FC) describes a set of specific abilities related to the processing of faces, including face perception and face memory.
  • 1.1K
  • 02 Jul 2021
Topic Review
Mechanisms by Which Smartphone Use Affects Sleep
Sleep quality is a person's subjective assessment of how well they feel they have slept. There has been increasing concern about sleep-related problems (e.g., sleep efficiency, sleep latency, or sleep quality) due to the importance of sleep in the general health of the population, especially mental health. Problematic smartphone use (PSU) is defined as smartphone use associated with at least some element of dysfunctional use, such as anxiety when the smartphone is unavailable or abandonment of other activities due to smartphone use. Considering the widespread use of smartphones among the population and their suitability for use in bed, many health professionals have been interested in whether there is a link between increased screen use and sleep problems.
  • 1.1K
  • 23 Oct 2023
  • Page
  • of
  • 15
Featured Entry Collections
>>

Featured Books

>>
Encyclopedia of COVID-19
Encyclopedia of Engineering
Encyclopedia of Social Sciences
Encyclopedia of Digital Society, Industry 5.0 and Smart City
Academic Video Service
Feedback