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Topic Review
Autism Spectrum Disorder and Screen Time
There is growing evidence that prevalence rates of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) are increasing. A number of factors appear to contribute to this increase, including excessive screen time. Screen time seems to be linked to the severity of the symptoms of ASD. 
  • 611
  • 26 Feb 2024
Topic Review
Mechanisms and Open Issues of Non-Invasive Brain Stimulation
Non-invasive brain stimulation (NIBS) techniques induce a mild magnetic or electric field in the brain to modulate behavior and cortical activation. NIBS comprises of different techniques based on magnetic or electrical stimulation of the scalp: transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) and transcranial electrical stimulation techniques (tES), such as transcranial direct currect stimulation (tDCS), transcranial alternating current stimulation (tACS) and transcranial random noise stimulation (tRNS). While TMS directly induces action potentials, tDCS induces modifications in the resting membrane potentials altering the spontaneous firing rate . tACS allows the entrainment of intrinsic brain oscillations through the administration of sinusoidal currents at specific frequencies , while tRNS is based on the application of several frequencies within a normally distributed frequency spectrum . Despite the great body of literature demonstrating promising results, unexpected or even paradoxical outcomes are sometimes observed. This might be due either to technical and methodological issues (e.g., stimulation parameters, stimulated brain area), or to participants’ expectations and beliefs before and during the stimulation sessions.
  • 610
  • 29 Nov 2021
Topic Review
Waste Management Policies and Self-Enhancement Bias
Waste source separation has been a social dilemma globally with a low participation rate. 
  • 608
  • 20 Dec 2021
Topic Review
Relationship between Critical Thinking and the Halo Effect
During the process of recruiting suitable job candidates for a corporation, HR managers play a pivotal role. However, several factors influence HR managers when making these crucial hiring decisions. One such factor is the halo effect. However, the halo effect can be reduced through deliberate and systematic cognitive processing. 
  • 603
  • 05 Jul 2023
Topic Review
Cognitive Control in Young and Older Adults
The dual mechanisms of control framework (DMC) proposes two modes of cognitive control: proactive and reactive control. The proactive control mode is an early selection process that actively maintains task context over time to minimize interference whereas the reactive control mode is a late correction process that serves to resolve interference, at the time of its occurrence. Young adults primarily use a more proactive control mode, but older adults tend to use a more reactive control.  
  • 602
  • 13 Jan 2022
Topic Review
COVID-19 Peritraumatic Distress and Loneliness
Since the World Health Organization declared COVID-19 as a pandemic, the virus and the related restriction measures such as lockdown and social distancing have resulted in adverse psychological impacts. Research has reported an increase in depression and anxiety symptoms, as well as worry and stress during the pandemic.
  • 597
  • 16 Aug 2022
Topic Review
The Impact of Negative Affectivity on Teacher Burnout
Teachers’ well-being, including burnout, impacts the stress and well-being of students. Negative affectivity (tendency to feel depression, anxiety, or stress) plays a role in the development of burnout. However, while teachers with a more anxious profile experience greater emotional exhaustion, those with a depressive profile have more difficulty developing a strong sense of personal accomplishment.
  • 596
  • 19 Apr 2022
Topic Review
Trend of Interpersonal Trust—Prospects under COVID-19 Pandemic
As an important basis for interpersonal communication and association, interpersonal trust is a significant guarantee for inter-organizational and organizational negotiation and cooperation, a vital factor affecting organizational performance, and a crucial indicator to measure the harmonious and stable development of society.  Retrospecting articles on interpersonal trust is of great importance for understanding its current status and future development in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic, especially, with the widespread use of Big Data and Blockchain. 
  • 592
  • 21 Feb 2022
Topic Review
Anticipatory Mourning and Narrative Meaning-Making in Breast Cancer
Breast cancer (BC) in women under 50 is a potentially traumatic experience that can upset a woman’s life during a crucial phase of her lifespan. Anticipatory mourning linked to the diagnosis of BC can produce a series of inevitable losses similar to those of the bereaved. Narration can be one tool to construct meaning, to grow through the experience, and reconfigure time perspectives during and after the illness. 
  • 591
  • 05 May 2022
Topic Review
Implicit-Association Test
The implicit-association test (IAT) is a controversial assessment intended to detect subconscious associations between mental representations of objects (concepts) in memory. Its best-known application is the assessment of implicit stereotypes held by test subjects, such as associations between particular racial categories and stereotypes about those groups. The test has been applied to a variety of belief associations, such as those involving racial groups, gender, sexuality, age, and religion but also the self-esteem, political views, and predictions of the test taker. The implicit-association test is the subject of significant academic and popular debate regarding its validity, reliability, and usefulness in assessing implicit bias. The IAT was introduced in the scientific literature in 1998 by Anthony Greenwald, Debbie McGhee, and Jordan Schwartz. The IAT is now widely used in social psychology research and, to some extent, in clinical, cognitive, and developmental psychology research. More recently, the IAT has been used as an assessment in implicit bias trainings, which claim to reduce the unconscious bias and discriminatory behavior of participants.
  • 590
  • 04 Nov 2022
Topic Review
Psychological Contracts and Organizational Commitment
With the increasing complexity and dynamism of the modern work experience, the importance of the psychological contract has become increasingly clear. Organizations and researchers alike have recognized the implications of this contract for employee performance, satisfaction and well-being.
  • 583
  • 24 Nov 2023
Topic Review
Sense of Coherence and Well-Being in Care Professionals
Job-related stress affects the physical and psychological health of professionals dedicated to care, and consequently affects the effectiveness of the entities for which they work. It is important to determine the relationships between a sense of coherence (SOC) and work stress and well-being perceived by care professionals. 
  • 578
  • 17 Oct 2023
Topic Review
Promoting Mental Health at Schools Program
Promoting Mental Health at Schools (PROMEHS) is a European, school-based, universal mental health program explicitly focused on both promoting students’ mental health and preventing negative conduct by adopting a whole-school approach.
  • 576
  • 26 Jun 2023
Topic Review
Orientation Experiences and Navigation Aid Use in Lifespan
Spatial orientation is essential for daily life, but it deteriorates with aging. The present study was aimed at investigating age changes across the adult lifespan in the self-reported use of navigation aids (maps, GPS, and verbal directions) and everyday orientation experiences (how much they went out, and how much they reached or lost their way to unfamiliar destinations). We also investigated to what extent these spatial behaviours are related to people’s visuospatial working memory (VSWM) and self-reported wayfinding inclinations.
  • 575
  • 27 Jan 2022
Topic Review
CyberGenomics
Cybersecurity (CS) field is a complex discipline with multiple layers. We deconstruct the CS specialist as a material (naturally/ genetically determined) and non-material (psychologically determined) entity. This entity is mapped to CS competences required to conduct everyday tasks where psychological factors are also present (e.g. stress). All the structural prerequisites for the development and functioning of the psyche are genetically coded and controlled. Behavior genetics addresses the interdisciplinary effort to establish causal links between genomic loci and human behavioral traits and neural mechanisms. Almost every human behavioral trait is a result of many genome variants in action altogether with environmental factors. Cybergenomics focuses on contextualizing the behavior genetics aspects in the application of cybersecurity.
  • 570
  • 30 Nov 2021
Topic Review
Perceived Collective Family Efficacy Scale
The Perceived Collective Family Efficacy Scale is a tool utilized to assess the effectiveness of a family as a functioning system. The scale has a single-factor structure with good validity and reliability.
  • 569
  • 13 Oct 2023
Topic Review
Sleep Problems and Psychological Distress
Psychological distress is defined as a set of non-specific symptoms concerning depressivemood and anxiety manifestation. It refers to a state of emotionalsuffering associated with stressors that are difficult to deal with in daily life.Psychological distress may influence sleep patterns and seems to exacerbate age-related sleep problems.
  • 565
  • 22 Oct 2021
Topic Review
Elite Sport and Sustainable Psychological Well-Being
It is well known that moderate and vigorous exercise is highly beneficial for mental health, but the area of psychopathology in sport is much less addressed. There is often a belief among the public (and professionals) that the prevalence of mental disorders among elite athletes is low. This may be due to an over-idealization of elite athletes or the assumption that only mentally strong people can be successful athletes, which in turn implies that there should be no place for people with mental health problems among elite athletes
  • 565
  • 25 Mar 2022
Topic Review
Mindfulness Meditation
Mindfulness consists of both a natural psychological predisposition as well as a personality trait that is developed and maintained through the practice of mindfulness meditation.
  • 564
  • 24 Nov 2022
Topic Review
Preschool Children’s Processing of Events during Verb Learning
Verbs are central to the syntactic structure of sentences, and, thus, important for learning one’s native language. Pointing results show that 2-, 3-, and 4-year-old children are able to learn and extend newly learned verbs to new events at test. In addition, children’s visual attention to agents’ faces and hands differs depending on whether events cooccur with the new verb or do not. 
  • 547
  • 25 Mar 2022
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