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Topic Review
Acute Membranous Gingivitis
Acute necrotizing ulcerative gingivitis (ANUG) is a common, non-contagious infection of the gums with sudden onset. The main features are painful, bleeding gums, and ulceration of inter-dental papillae (the sections of gum between adjacent teeth). This disease, along with necrotizing (ulcerative) periodontitis (NP or NUP) is classified as a necrotizing periodontal disease, one of the seven general types of gum disease caused by inflammation of the gums (periodontitis). The often severe gum pain that characterizes ANUG distinguishes it from the more common chronic periodontitis which is rarely painful. If ANUG is improperly treated or neglected, it may become chronic and/or recurrent. The causative organisms are mostly anaerobic bacteria, particularly Fusobacteriota and spirochete species. Predisposing factors include poor oral hygiene, smoking, poor nutrition, psychological stress, and a weakened immune system. When the attachments of the teeth to the bone are involved, the term NUP is used. Treatment of ANUG is by removal of dead gum tissue and antibiotics (usually metronidazole) in the acute phase, and improving oral hygiene to prevent recurrence. Although the condition has a rapid onset and is debilitating, it usually resolves quickly and does no serious harm. The informal name trench mouth arose during World War I as many soldiers developed the disease, probably because of the poor conditions and extreme psychological stress.
  • 857
  • 25 Oct 2022
Topic Review
Calyptranthes
Calyptranthes is a genus of flowering plants in the family Myrtaceae. They are known commonly as lidflowers, spicewoods, and mountainbays. There are about 100 species. They are evergreen shrubs or small trees, growing to 5 meters tall. They have simple, opposite, evergreen leaves and clusters of small flowers lacking petals. The sepals are capped in bud by a lidlike cover, which is shed later. The fruit is a dry, berry-like, reddish brown. The bark is smooth to scaly and pale-white in color. The genus is widely distributed across the warmer parts of the Western Hemisphere, from Florida, Mexico and the Bahamas south to Uruguay. Fourteen species occur within the United States , (in Florida, Puerto Rico and the Virgin Islands).
  • 857
  • 09 Nov 2022
Biography
Itzik Ben-Itzhak
Itzik Ben-Itzhak (born February 15, 1952) is a university distinguished professor of physics at Kansas State University. Ben-Itzhak is the director of Kansas State University's James R. Macdonald Laboratory and studies experimental atomic physics, molecular physics, and optical physics.[1] Ben-Itzhak was born in Jerusalem, Israel. He attended the Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, where
  • 857
  • 09 Dec 2022
Biography
Max Steenbeck
Max Christian Theodor Steenbeck (21 March 1904 – 15 December 1981) was a Germany physicist who worked at the Siemens-Schuckertwerke in his early career, during which time he invented the betatron in 1934. He was taken to the Soviet Union after World War II, and he contributed to the Soviet atomic bomb project. In 1955, he returned to East Germany to continue a career in nuclear physics. Ste
  • 852
  • 08 Dec 2022
Biography
Cormac O'Ceallaigh
Cormac O'Ceallaigh (29 July 1912 in Dublin – 10 October 1996 in Dublin) was an Irish physicist who worked in the fields of cosmic ray research and elementary particle physics.[1] He entered University College, Dublin (UCD) to study physics in 1930 and graduated with First Class Honours in Experimental Physics and Chemistry (Inorganic and Physical) in 1933. He got his MSc and an NUI Travell
  • 849
  • 14 Dec 2022
Topic Review
Laventan
The Laventan (Spanish: Laventense) age is a period of geologic time (13.8 to 11.8 Ma) within the Miocene epoch of the Neogene, used more specifically with South American Land Mammal Ages. It follows the Colloncuran and precedes the Mayoan age.
  • 848
  • 07 Nov 2022
Biography
Ndidi Nnoli-Edozien
Ndidi Nnoli-Edozien Ph.D (born July 31, 1972) is a Nigerian social entrepreneur and corporate sustainability and responsibility (CSR) expert and Bottom of the Pyramid empowerment advocate. She is the Founder and President of the Growing Businesses Foundation, Nigeria's largest Bottom of the Pyramid platform which has been managing CSR Projects for multinational corporations. Her status as a soci
  • 848
  • 08 Dec 2022
Biography
Jean-Gustave Bourbouze
Jean Gustave Bourbouze (Paris, September 7, 1825 - September 23, 1889) was a France engineer, manufacturer of precision instruments and a teacher of technical education. Jean Gustave Bourbouze began as a simple mechanic. He was chosen by the professors Claude Pouillet and César Despretz to succeed Jean Thiébault Silbermann as a physics and curator of the physics in the Faculty of Science of
  • 847
  • 26 Dec 2022
Biography
John F. Banzhaf III
John Francis Banzhaf III (/ˈbænz.hɑːf/;[1] born July 2, 1940) is an American public interest lawyer, legal activist and a law professor at George Washington University Law School. He is the founder of an antismoking advocacy group, Action on Smoking and Health.[2] He is noted for his advocacy and use of lawsuits as a method to promote what he believes is the public interest. Banzhaf was b
  • 840
  • 16 Nov 2022
Topic Review
Plantago media L.
Belonging to the Plantaginaceae family, the hoary plantain (Plantago media L.) represents one of the lesser studied species from the Plantago genus. The potential applications of Plantago media (P. media) will be detailed in regard to other potential applications of Plantago species, in respect to recent literature data published.
  • 839
  • 22 Sep 2022
Biography
Hans-Jürgen Treder
Hans-Jürgen Treder (born September 4, 1928 in Berlin, died November 18, 2006 in Potsdam) was a German theoretical physicist and in the GDR, specializing in general relativity (and its extensions), astrophysics, and cosmology. He also had an interest in the history of science and philosophy. Treder took an early interest in physics, displaying talent in the subject. As a student in 1944, he
  • 837
  • 12 Dec 2022
Biography
Ian McAllister
Ian McAllister FASSA FRSE (born 2 December 1950, Belfast, United Kingdom) is the Distinguished Professor of political science at the Australian National University. He earned his PhD in political science in 1976 from University of Strathclyde. He is a leading election specialist with a research focus on Australian politics which involves co-directing the Australian Election Study, a national sur
  • 837
  • 27 Dec 2022
Biography
Viktor Ferdinand Brotherus
Viktor Ferdinand Brotherus (28 October 1849 – 9 February 1929), Finnish botanist who studied the mosses (Bryophyta), best known for authoring the treatment of 'Musci' in Engler and Prantl's Die Naturlichen Pflanzenfamilien. Brotherus was born in Skarpans in Sund, Åland while Finland was under Russian rule. He had 13 brothers and sisters of whom six died young.[1] He took his Candidate of P
  • 836
  • 29 Dec 2022
Biography
John B. West
Professor John B. West FRCP (born 1928) is a noted respiratory physiologist who made major research contributions in the area of ventilation-perfusion relationships in the lung. West was born in Adelaide, Australia in 1928. He graduated in medicine (M.B.B.S., 1952) from the University of Adelaide, Australia. Subsequently he was awarded M.D. (1959) and D.Sc. (1980) degrees from the same univer
  • 835
  • 14 Nov 2022
Topic Review
Anterior Thoraco-Lumbar Dural Tear
Dural lacerations are relatively common findings in thoracic and lumbar spinal fractures. Differently from the posterior dural tears, the repair of the anterior ones is a challenge. Compared to all the documented strategies for obtaining a watertight closure of an anterior dural laceration, the coating techniques revealed advantages of preserving neural structures, being adaptable to anterior and antero-lateral dural tears of any size.
  • 834
  • 07 Sep 2021
Topic Review
Ohlone Tiger Beetle
The Ohlone tiger beetle, Cicindela ohlone, is endemic to California. It was discovered in 1987 and named and described in 1993. C. ohlone is most closely related to Cicindela purpurea. C. ohlone ranges in length from 9½ mm to 12½ mm with the females at the higher end of the range. The body is a bright, sericate green with bronze tints on the dorsum and the elytra. C. ohlone differs from other purpurea in that it has a larger body size, different genital morphology and different seasonal activity cycle.
  • 834
  • 17 Oct 2022
Topic Review
Olivella (Gastropod)
Olivella, common name the dwarf olives, is a genus of small predatory sea snails, marine gastropod molluscs in the subfamily Olivellinae of the family Olivellidae, the dwarf olives. Olivella is the type genus of the family.
  • 833
  • 25 Oct 2022
Biography
Martin J. Klein
Martin Jesse Klein (June 25, 1924 – March 28, 2009),[1] usually cited as M. J. Klein, was a science historian of 19th and 20th century physics. Klein was born in the Bronx, New York City . He was an only child and both his parents were schoolteachers. After graduating from James Monroe High School at the age of 14, he attended Columbia University, where he received a bachelor's degree in ma
  • 833
  • 12 Dec 2022
Biography
Patrick D. Gallagher
Patrick David Gallagher (born March 29, 1963) is an American physicist and the eighteenth chancellor of the University of Pittsburgh. He was formerly the 14th director of the U.S. Department of Commerce's National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) and had served as the Acting United States Deputy Secretary of Commerce.[1] On February 8, 2014, he was named the Chancellor-elect of the U
  • 832
  • 08 Dec 2022
Biography
John C. Browne
John C. Browne (born July 29, 1942) is an American physicist. He was born in Pottstown, Pennsylvania as the fifth child of Charles I. and Mary Agnes (Titzer) Browne. He received a B.S. in Physics from Drexel University (1965). He received a Ph.D. in Physics from Duke University (1969). His thesis was titled "Fine Structure of Analog States in 61,63,65-Cu". After teaching at Duke University (19
  • 832
  • 13 Dec 2022
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