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Topic Review
Dell Monitors
Dell sells LCD-based computer monitors. Dell bundles monitors with its desktop computers as package deals, as well as selling them separately through their online store and some other retailers.
  • 483
  • 26 Oct 2022
Topic Review
Telehealth Rehabilitation
Due to damage to the network of nerves that regulate the muscles and feeling in the shoulder, arm, and forearm, brachial plexus injuries (BPIs) are known to significantly reduce the function and quality of life of affected persons. According to the World Health Organization (WHO), a considerable share of global disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) is attributable to upper limb injuries, including BPIs. Telehealth can improve access concerns for patients with BPIs, particularly in lower-middle-income nations.
  • 483
  • 22 Feb 2024
Topic Review
Evolving Paradigms in Economic Dispatch
Economic Dispatch Problems (EDP) refer to the process of determining the power output of generation units such that the electricity demand of the system is satisfied at a minimum cost while technical and operational constraints of the system are satisfied. This procedure is vital in the efficient energy management of electricity networks since it can ensure the reliable and efficient operation of power systems. As power systems transition from conventional to modern ones, new components and constraints are introduced to power systems, making the EDP increasingly complex. This highlights the importance of developing advanced optimization techniques that can efficiently handle these new complexities to ensure optimal operation and cost-effectiveness of power systems. 
  • 457
  • 27 Feb 2024
Topic Review
Cerium Oxide-Based Memristors for Neuromorphic Computing
CeO2 is considered the most promising candidate because of its multiple oxidation states (Ce3+ and Ce4+), remarkable resistive-switching (RS) uniformity in DC mode, gradual resistance transition, cycling endurance, long data-retention period, and utilization of the RS mechanism as a dielectric layer, thereby exhibiting potential for neuromorphic computing. 
  • 446
  • 25 Oct 2023
Topic Review
Intelligent Reflecting Surface Backscatter-Based Secrecy Enhancement
With the development of wireless communication technology, more and more private information is transmitted through public channels, which increases the risk of information leakage. An intelligent reflecting surface (IRS) can be combined with backscatter technology and integrated into the wireless communication system. The integration of backscatter in IRS can enhance the communication security of the system by utilizing the power of the interference signal emitted by the active eavesdropper. The signal reflected by the IRS can reduce the impact of the eavesdropper’s interference signal and strengthen the required signal received by the legitimate user. This dual capability enhances the reliability of communication, fortifying the received signal quality for legitimate users in the system.
  • 423
  • 25 Jan 2024
Topic Review
Large-Scale Service Function Chaining in Smart City
Smart cities leverage the Internet of Things (IoT) to collect data from various sources and employ data-driven approaches to improve the management, evaluation, and decision-making processes. From a core network perspective, service function chaining (SFC) is an enabling paradigm for elastically controlling the massive network services (NS) from IoT-empowered smart cities. SFC can effectively enforce policies and regulations set by city authorities, including data retention policies, content filtering, compliance checks, etc. Moreover, SFC optimizes service delivery, resource efficiency, quality of experience (QoE)/quality of service (QoS), and service-specific routing. To activate all the beneficial factors, mobile network operators need solutions to reflect SFC orchestration policies while ensuring efficient resource utilization and preserving QoS in large-scale networking congestion states.
  • 401
  • 16 Oct 2023
Biography
Mohammad Al-soeidat
Dr. Mohammad Raja Al-Soeidat is a Jordanian electrical engineer and academic specializing in power electronics, renewable energy systems, and smart grid technologies. He currently serves as an Assistant Professor in the Department of Electrical Engineering at Al-Hussein Bin Talal University, Jordan. His research focuses on energy conversion, electric vehicles, and energy storage systems. Dr.
  • 158
  • 25 Sep 2025
Topic Review
Dish Stirling Engine and National Grid Electricity
The Solar Dish Stirling Engine (SDSE) system is an advanced renewable energy technology that converts concentrated solar energy into electrical power through the thermodynamic Stirling cycle. Unlike conventional photovoltaic systems that directly convert sunlight to electricity, SDSE systems employ a high-efficiency heat engine powered by concentrated solar thermal energy. This configuration allows for higher theoretical conversion efficiency and the ability to store thermal energy, enabling continued power generation even during periods of low solar irradiance. SDSE systems are particularly suitable for regions with high solar insolation and are gaining attention as a reliable solution for residential, commercial, and off-grid energy applications.
  • 140
  • 25 Sep 2025
Biography
Mohammad Raja
Dr. Mohammad Raja Al-Soeidat is a Jordanian electrical engineer and academic specializing in power electronics, energy conversion systems, smart grids, renewable energy, and energy storage technologies. Currently serving as an Assistant Professor in the Department of Electrical Engineering at Al-Hussein Bin Talal University (AHU), he has contributed significantly to research on high-efficiency e
  • 134
  • 25 Sep 2025
Topic Review
Energy-saving Strategies of Microcontrollers: Analysis and Case Studies
With the continuous growth of energy consumption and the increasing importance of energy conservation and emission reduction, microcontrollers, as an efficient control technology, have great potential in the field of energy saving. This paper investigates the application of microcontrollers in the energy-saving sector, focusing on grid optimization, distribution transformer energy consumption management, and intelligent control systems. Through bibliometric analysis, literature was selected from the Web of Science database, and network mapping analysis was conducted using Vosviewer to reveal the main themes, development trends, and hot topics in microcontroller-based energy-saving research. Additionally, case studies were employed to explore the energy-saving mechanisms and technological pathways of microcontrollers in various fields, especially in the power grid domain. The research shows that microcontrollers can effectively improve device efficiency and reduce energy waste by optimizing control strategies and intelligent adjustment mechanisms. Particularly in grid and distribution transformer energy consumption management, the integration of microcontrollers significantly enhances the stability and efficiency of the system, especially by dynamically adjusting and monitoring in real time, thereby optimizing power supply and energy flow. Finally, this paper proposes future research directions, emphasizing the integration of microcontrollers with reinforcement learning, the Internet of Things, renewable energy, and other fields, aiming to achieve more efficient energy-saving strategies and provide experience for the optimization and promotion of microcontroller-based energy-saving technologies.
  • 124
  • 27 Oct 2025
Topic Review
PV Emulator Using Current Source and Diode String
Energy emulator is a specific type of power electronic system to mimic the electrical behavior of an energy source and facilitate the testing of energy system. This paper presents a study of a photovoltaic (PV) emulator which is formed by a current source, a diode string and some resistors. It is constructed according to the one-diode photovoltaic model. Unlike the previous study, this paper focuses on using the model equations to design the circuit parameters of the emulator to mimic a selected PV panel and evaluate the circuit performance from both electrical and thermal perspectives. A laboratory experimental setup is built and tested to verify the design. The emulator is power efficient at the maximum power point. The highest power dissipation of the circuit occurs at the open-circuit voltage operating point.
  • 120
  • 25 Sep 2025
Topic Review
ِِAnalog Voltage-Based Photovoltaic Maximum Power Point Tracking Technique
Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT) is a critical technique in photovoltaic (PV) energy systems, enabling solar panels to operate at their optimal power output under varying environmental conditions. MPPT algorithms adjust the operating point of PV modules to maximize energy extraction, accounting for changes in solar irradiance, temperature, and load conditions. Among various methods, analog voltage-based MPPT approaches provide a low-cost, low-complexity solution without relying on digital controllers or complex computation. This approach is particularly suitable for small-scale and residential solar systems, where simplicity, reliability, and cost-effectiveness are essential.
  • 111
  • 25 Sep 2025
Biography
Mohammad RA
Dr. Mohammad Raja Ismail Al-Soeidat (born 1990 in Petra, Jordan) is a Jordanian electrical engineer, researcher, and academic leader. He specializes in renewable energy systems, power electronics, energy conversion, smart grids, electric vehicles, and energy storage systems. He currently serves as Assistant Professor and Director of Engineering Workshops at Al-Hussein Bin Talal University, Ma
  • 110
  • 25 Sep 2025
Biography
Ahmad Salah
Ahmad Salah is an Associate Professor in the Department of Electrical and Mechanical Engineering at Applied Science University (ASU), Bahrain. He is a distinguished scholar in renewable energy systems, fault detection in electrical machines, and sustainable energy solutions tailored for both global and regional contexts. He received his Ph.D. in Electrical Engineering from the University of Tech
  • 100
  • 25 Sep 2025
Biography
Oommen Tharakan Kuttiyil Thomas
Prof. Dr. Oommen Tharakan Kuttiyil Thomas is a distinguished senior aerospace scientist and academic leader with a career spanning over four decades in high-reliability electronics and national space missions. Born on May 30, 1963, in Trivandrum, Kerala, his professional journey is defined by a commitment to the "Zero-Defect" engineering philosophy. Dr. Thomas holds a B.Tech in Electronics & Com
  • 84
  • 25 Aug 2026
Topic Review Peer Reviewed
A Structured Review of Artificial Intelligence Techniques for Ferroresonance Detection and Mitigation in Power Systems
Ferroresonance is a nonlinear phenomenon in power systems capable of producing irregular oscillations and severe overvoltages that threaten transformers, voltage transformers, cables, and associated equipment. This paper presents a structured comprehensive review of ferroresonance detection and mitigation techniques reported up to 2025, with particular emphasis on artificial intelligence (AI)-based approaches published during the last five years. A systematic literature search was conducted across IEEE Xplore, Scopus, Web of Science, and Google Scholar using predefined ferroresonance- and AI-related keywords. Eligible studies were screened using explicit inclusion criteria requiring demonstrated ferroresonance relevance. Numerical modeling approaches, electromagnetic transient tools, ferroresonance modes, and mitigation strategies are synthesized, followed by a critical evaluation of machine learning, deep learning, fuzzy logic, evolutionary algorithms, and hybrid intelligent frameworks. Particular emphasis is placed on signal preprocessing, data representation, real-time protection constraints, and cross-topology robustness. The review identifies key research gaps, including the scarcity of benchmark datasets, limited validation under realistic network variability, and the absence of standardized evaluation methodologies. While this work is presented as a structured comprehensive review, PRISMA-inspired screening principles were applied to enhance transparency and reproducibility. Current evidence indicates that hybrid approaches combining physics-informed preprocessing—particularly wavelet-based feature extraction—with lightweight neural classifiers offer the most practical pathway for relay-grade ferroresonance protection in modern smart grids.
  • 42
  • 12 Mar 2026
Topic Review Peer Reviewed
Memristor-Based Logic Circuits: Concept and Prospect
As computational demands from artificial intelligence increase, traditional von Neumann architectures face memory wall bottlenecks while CMOS technology approaches physical limitations defined by Moore’s law and Dennard scaling. This entry examines memristor-based logic circuits as potential solutions to overcome these computing constraints. We systematically analyse various memristor-based logic implementation approaches by reviewing and comparing stateful methods, including Material Implication (IMPLY) and Memristor-Aided Logic (MAGIC), as well as non-stateful techniques such as Memristor-Ratioed Logic (MRL) and Scouting Logic (SL). Each approach demonstrates unique capabilities for implementing fundamental logic operations, with progressive improvements in efficiency documented across multiple research studies. We discuss that while memristor-based logic shows promise, significant limitations exist: crossbar arrays can only integrate specific gates (NOT, NOR), MAGIC architecture struggles with multilevel cascade and large fan-out circuits, IMPLY requires numerous operational steps, and MRL faces challenges integrating CMOS-based inverters into crossbars.
  • 17
  • 17 Sep 2026
Topic Review
Total Harmonic Distortion
Total harmonic distortion (THD) is a power-quality metric that quantifies the harmonic content present in an electrical voltage or current waveform relative to its fundamental component [1]. For a periodic waveform, THD is defined as the ratio of the root-sum-square of the amplitudes of all harmonic components—excluding the fundamental—to the amplitude of the fundamental component, usually expressed as a percentage [2]. The harmonics considered are integer multiples of the fundamental power frequency and arise from nonlinear loads and power-electronic converters [3]. THD may be evaluated for voltage (THD_V) or current (THD_I); a higher THD indicates a waveform that deviates more strongly from a pure sinusoid [2]. THD is distinct from total demand distortion (TDD), which normalizes harmonic current to the maximum demand current rather than to the fundamental [1]. Limits on harmonic distortion at the point of common coupling are established in power-quality standards, and THD serves as the primary figure of merit for waveform quality in such assessments [3].
  • 11
  • 17 Sep 2026
Topic Review
Charge Carrier Dynamics
Charge carrier dynamics describes the generation, transport, and recombination of electrons and holes—the mobile charge carriers—in a semiconductor following an external excitation such as photon absorption or electrical injection [1]. After generation, excess carriers drift under internal electric fields and diffuse down concentration gradients, with mobilities and diffusion coefficients linked by the Einstein relation, until they are lost through recombination, quantified by the minority-carrier lifetime and the associated diffusion length [2]. Recombination may be radiative, non-radiative through trap states (Shockley–Read–Hall), or via Auger three-body processes, each characterized by a distinct rate and time scale [3]. In photoexcited materials, the temporal evolution of excess populations is commonly described by rate equations linking generation, drift, diffusion, and recombination, while transient optical probes follow the decay of photoluminescence or photoconductivity. The dynamic quantities—lifetimes, mobilities, diffusion lengths, and internal quantum yields—determine how efficiently photogenerated carriers are collected and therefore set the performance of photovoltaic, photoconductive, and other semiconductor devices [4].
  • 8
  • 18 Sep 2026
Topic Review
Solar Photovoltaic System
A solar photovoltaic (PV) system is an electrical system that converts incident solar radiation directly into electrical energy through the photovoltaic effect, in which photons absorbed by a semiconductor generate electron–hole pairs that are separated by a junction to produce direct-current electricity [1]. The fundamental conversion unit is the solar cell, a large-area semiconductor diode—most commonly based on crystalline silicon—whose p–n junction produces a photocurrent when illuminated and whose current–voltage characteristic defines its short-circuit current, open-circuit voltage, and maximum power point [2]. A complete PV system combines PV modules (interconnected arrays of cells) with balance-of-system components—including mounting structures, wiring, maximum-power-point-tracking electronics, and inverters that convert the generated direct current to alternating current for grid connection or off-grid storage [1]. The system is distinguished from solar thermal systems, which convert sunlight into heat rather than electricity, and from other power-generation sources by the direct solid-state conversion of photon energy to electrical energy without moving thermodynamic cycles [2]. The electrical output of a module is characterized under standardized reference irradiance and temperature conditions so that different systems can be compared on a common basis [3].
  • 8
  • 18 Sep 2026
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