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Biography
Veronica Vaida
Veronica Vaida (born 3 August 1950) is a Romanian-American Chemist and Professor at the University of Colorado Boulder. She is an expert in environmental chemistry and aerosols. Vaida was born in Bucharest.[1][2] Her parents were from Transylvania and met after World War II.[1] Her mother survived a Auschwitz concentration camp and her father was a political prisoner.[1] She attended a Hungar
  • 1.1K
  • 30 Dec 2022
Biography
Wilhelm Walcher
Wilhelm Walcher (7 July 1910 in Kaufbeuren – 9 November 2005 in Marburg) was a Germany experimental physicist. During World War II, he worked on the German nuclear energy project, also known as the Uranium Club; he worked on mass spectrometers for isotope separation. After the war, he was director of the Institute of Physics at the University of Marburg. He was a president of the German Physic
  • 1.1K
  • 11 Dec 2022
Biography
David E. Aspnes
David Erik Aspnes (born 1 May 1939 in Madison, Wisconsin) is an American physicist and a member of the National Academy of Sciences (1998). Aspnes developed fundamental theories of the linear and nonlinear optical properties of materials and thin films, and the technology of spectroscopic ellipsometry (SE). SE is a metrology that is indispensable in the manufacture of integrated circuits. Asp
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  • 26 Dec 2022
Biography
Alan Abramowitz
Alan Ira Abramowitz (born December 1, 1947)[1] is an United States political scientist and author, known for his research and writings on American politics, elections, and political parties in political science. Abramowitz graduated with a B.A. with high honors in political science from the University of Rochester in 1969. He attended graduate school at Stanford University, completing an M.A.
  • 1.1K
  • 27 Dec 2022
Topic Review
Proinflammatory Cytokine Therapeutic Agents of Inflammatory Bowel Diseases   
Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs) are characterized by chronic inflammatory disorders that are a result of an abnormal immune response mediated by a cytokine storm and immune cell infiltration. Proinflammatory cytokine therapeutic agents, represented by tumor necrosis factor (TNF) inhibitors, have developed rapidly over recent years and are promising options for treating IBD. Antagonizing interleukins, interferons, and Janus kinases have demonstrated their respective advantages in clinical trials and are candidates for anti-TNF therapeutic failure. Furthermore, the blockade of lymphocyte homing contributes to the excessive immune response in colitis and ameliorates inflammation and tissue damage. 
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  • 26 Sep 2022
Biography
Elmer Imes
Elmer Samuel Imes (October 12, 1883 – 1941) born in Memphis, Tennessee, was the second African American to earn a Ph.D. in Physics and the first in the 20th century. He was among the first African-American scientists to make important contributions to modern physics. While working in industry, he gained four patents for instruments to be used for measuring magnetic and electric properties. As
  • 1.1K
  • 16 Dec 2022
Topic Review
Bioprinting of Organ-on-Chip Systems
Bioprinting involves the spatial patterning of living cells and other biologics by stacking them using a computer-aided layer-by-layer deposition approach to fabricate living tissue-like constructs. It has the ability to create channels that have features with complex design and is a one-step fabrication process. In addition, it has the potential to be fully automated, maintain accuracy, and be replicated with relative ease.
  • 1.1K
  • 08 Sep 2021
Topic Review
Simultaneously Extracted Metals and Acid-Volatile Sulfide
Simultaneously extracted metals/Acid-volatile sulfide (SEM-AVS) is an approach used in the field of aquatic toxicology to assess the potential for metal ions found in sediment to cause toxic effects in organisms dwelling in the sediment. In this approach, the amounts of several heavy metals in a sediment sample are measured in a laboratory; at the same time, the amount of acid-volatile sulfide (sulfide which can be liberated from the sediment by treatment with hydrochloric acid) is determined. Based on the chemical interactions between heavy metals (SEM) and acid-volatile sulfide (AVS), the concentrations of these two components can be used to assess the potential for toxicity to sediment-dwelling organisms.
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  • 07 Nov 2022
Topic Review
Multielectrode Array
Multielectrode arrays (MEAs) or microelectrode arrays are devices that contain multiple plates or shanks through which neural signals are obtained or delivered, essentially serving as neural interfaces that connect neurons to electronic circuitry. There are two general classes of MEAs: implantable MEAs, used in vivo, and non-implantable MEAs, used in vitro.
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  • 02 Nov 2022
Biography
Margaret MacVicar
Margaret L.A. (Scotty) MacVicar (November 20, 1943 – September 30, 1991) was an United States physicist and educator. In addition to serving as MIT's Dean of Undergraduate Education (1985–1990), MacVicar is credited with founding the now widely emulated Undergraduate Research Opportunities Program (UROP) in 1969.[1] MacVicar received her undergraduate and graduate degrees at MIT and joined t
  • 1.1K
  • 30 Dec 2022
Topic Review
TLR2
Toll-like receptor 2 also known as TLR2 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the TLR2 gene. TLR2 has also been designated as CD282 (cluster of differentiation 282). TLR2 is one of the toll-like receptors and plays a role in the immune system. TLR2 is a membrane protein, a receptor, which is expressed on the surface of certain cells and recognizes foreign substances and passes on appropriate signals to the cells of the immune system.
  • 1.1K
  • 14 Nov 2022
Biography
William E. Caswell
William Edward Caswell (June 22, 1947 – September 11, 2001) was a physicist who died during the September 11 attacks, as a passenger aboard American Airlines Flight 77, which was crashed into the Pentagon. Caswell did work in quantum gauge theory, most notably, his 1972 calculation of the beta function to two-loop accuracy. His pioneering work in the days of FORTRAN and punch cards demonstrate
  • 1.1K
  • 22 Nov 2022
Biography
Gordon Eugene Martin
Gordon Eugene Martin is a physicist and author in the field of piezoelectric materials for underwater sound transducers. He wrote early computer software automating iterative evaluation of direct computer models through a Jacobian matrix of complex numbers. His software enabled the Navy Electronics Laboratory (NEL) to accelerate design of sonar arrays for tracking Soviet Navy submarines during t
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  • 22 Nov 2022
Biography
Najaf Lakzaee
Najaf Lakzaee (born 1969) is a researcher of religious and political sciences. He holds a PhD in political studies from Imam Sadiq University. He has passed Islamic seminary education up to the level of ijtihad. He is the lecturer in department of political sciences of Baqir al-'Ulum University, was previous cultural deputy of the Ahl al-Bayt (a) World Assembly and is now the director of Islamic
  • 1.1K
  • 15 Dec 2022
Topic Review
Line-Shaped-Illumination Two-Photon Microscopy
Line-shaped illumination is a useful configuration to obtain a multifocal pattern to be used in two-photon microscopy: the light beam emitted by the illuminating laser is first shaped by means of cylindrical lenses and then is focused inside the sample as a continuous line. The simultaneous excitation of several points in the specimen is expected to reduce the acquisition time with respect to the usual point-scanning two-photon microscopes, as a two-dimensional image is obtained by scanning the line along a single direction.
  • 1.1K
  • 05 May 2022
Topic Review
Pliohyracidae
Hyraxes (from grc ὕραξ (húrax) 'shrewmouse'), also called dassies, are small, thickset, herbivorous mammals in the order Hyracoidea. Hyraxes are well-furred, rotund animals with short tails. Typically, they measure between 30 and 70 cm (12 and 28 in) long and weigh between 2 and 5 kg (4 and 11 lb). They are superficially similar to pikas and marmots, but are more closely related to elephants and sea cows. Hyraxes have a life span from 9 to 14 years. Five extant species are recognised: the rock hyrax (Procavia capensis) and the yellow-spotted rock hyrax (Heterohyrax brucei), which both live on rock outcrops, including cliffs in Ethiopia and isolated granite outcrops called koppies in southern Africa; the western tree hyrax (Dendrohyrax dorsalis), southern tree hyrax (D. arboreus), and eastern tree hyrax (D. validus). Their distribution is limited to Africa, except for P. capensis, which is also found in the Middle East.
  • 1.1K
  • 21 Nov 2022
Biography
Lillian Hoddeson
Lillian Hartman Hoddeson (born 20 December 1940, in New York City)[1] is an American historian of science, specializing in the history of physics and technology during the 2nd half of the 20th century. Hoddeson received in 1957 a high school diploma from the Bronx High School of Science, in 1961 a bachelor's degree in physics from Barnard College, and in 1966 a Ph.D. in physics from Columbia
  • 1.1K
  • 09 Dec 2022
Biography
Epaminondas Stassinopoulos
Epaminondas George Aristotle Alexander Stassinopoulos (born 17 January 1921) is the retired head of the Radiation Physics Office and current Emeritus Astrophysicist at the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA)'s Goddard Space Flight Center in Greenbelt, Maryland. He is the author of numerous papers and articles in the field of space radiation. The younger son of Helene Costi vo
  • 1.1K
  • 12 Dec 2022
Topic Review
The Effect of Dynamic Lighting
Dynamic CCT lighting is proposed as a method to control sleep quality, and a novel hypnotic lighting system is developed according to the experimental design.
  • 1.1K
  • 10 Mar 2022
Biography
Joe Wiseman Howland
Joe Wiseman Howland, M.D., Ph.D. (21 December 1908 – 12 October 1978) a pioneer researcher in radiation toxicity, health and safety. Howland served as a Major in the U.S. Army as Chief, Research Branch, Medical Division on the Manhattan Project. He worked in the Medical Division of the Atomic Energy Project at the University of Rochester. Dr. Howland was a consultant on radiation exposure, occ
  • 1.1K
  • 16 Dec 2022
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