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Biography
Veronica Vaida
Veronica Vaida (born 3 August 1950) is a Romanian-American Chemist and Professor at the University of Colorado Boulder. She is an expert in environmental chemistry and aerosols. Vaida was born in Bucharest.[1][2] Her parents were from Transylvania and met after World War II.[1] Her mother survived a Auschwitz concentration camp and her father was a political prisoner.[1] She attended a Hungar
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  • 30 Dec 2022
Biography
Otto Haxel
Otto Haxel (2 April 1909, in Neu-Ulm – 26 February 1998, in Heidelberg) was a Germany nuclear physicist. During World War II, he worked on the German nuclear energy project. After the war, he was on the staff of the Max Planck Institute for Physics in Göttingen. From 1950 to 1974, he was an ordinarius professor of physics at the University of Heidelberg, where he fostered the use of nuclear p
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  • 13 Dec 2022
Biography
Gordon Eugene Martin
Gordon Eugene Martin is a physicist and author in the field of piezoelectric materials for underwater sound transducers. He wrote early computer software automating iterative evaluation of direct computer models through a Jacobian matrix of complex numbers. His software enabled the Navy Electronics Laboratory (NEL) to accelerate design of sonar arrays for tracking Soviet Navy submarines during t
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  • 22 Nov 2022
Biography
Elmer Imes
Elmer Samuel Imes (October 12, 1883 – 1941) born in Memphis, Tennessee, was the second African American to earn a Ph.D. in Physics and the first in the 20th century. He was among the first African-American scientists to make important contributions to modern physics. While working in industry, he gained four patents for instruments to be used for measuring magnetic and electric properties. As
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  • 16 Dec 2022
Biography
Werner E. Reichardt
Werner E. Reichardt (30 January 1924 – 18 September 1992) was a German physicist and biologist who helped to establish the field of biological cybernetics. He co-founded the Max Planck Institute for Biological Cybernetics, and the Journal of Biological Cybernetics. As a young student, Werner Reichardt was a pupil in the laboratory of Hans Erich Hollmann, a pioneer of ultra-shortwave communi
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  • 22 Nov 2022
Biography
Alfred Zehe
Alfred Zehe (born May 23, 1939) is a Germany physicist, professor and author. After American authorities charged him with spying for the East German government in 1983, he became part of a high-profile prisoner exchange between the U.S. and the Soviet Union. Born in Farnstädt, Germany, Alfred Zehe was trained from a young age to be an underground copper miner. In 1964, he graduated from the
  • 1.1K
  • 16 Dec 2022
Topic Review
Bet Hedging
Biological bet hedging occurs when organisms suffer decreased fitness in their typical conditions in exchange for increased fitness in stressful conditions. Biological bet hedging was originally proposed to explain the observation of a seed bank, or a reservoir of ungerminated seeds in the soil. For example, an annual plant's fitness is maximized for that year if all of its seeds germinate. However, if a drought occurs that kills germinated plants, but not ungerminated seeds, plants with seeds remaining in the seed bank will have a fitness advantage. Therefore, it can be advantageous for plants to "hedge their bets" in case of a drought by producing some seeds that germinate immediately and other seeds that lie dormant. Other examples of biological bet hedging include female multiple mating, foraging behavior in bumble bees, nutrient storage in rhizobia, and bacterial persistence in the presence of antibiotics.
  • 1.1K
  • 11 Oct 2022
Topic Review
Immunological Constant of Rejection
The Immunologic Constant of Rejection (ICR), is a notion introduced by biologists to group a shared set of genes expressed in tissue destructive-pathogenic conditions like cancer and infection, along a diverse set of physiological circumstances of tissue damage or organ failure, including autoimmune disease or allograft rejection. The identification of shared mechanisms and phenotypes by distinct immune pathologies, marked as a hallmarks or biomarkers, aids in the identification of novel treatment options, without necessarily assessing patients phenomenologies individually.
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  • 01 Dec 2022
Biography
Wilhelm Walcher
Wilhelm Walcher (7 July 1910 in Kaufbeuren – 9 November 2005 in Marburg) was a Germany experimental physicist. During World War II, he worked on the German nuclear energy project, also known as the Uranium Club; he worked on mass spectrometers for isotope separation. After the war, he was director of the Institute of Physics at the University of Marburg. He was a president of the German Physic
  • 1.1K
  • 11 Dec 2022
Biography
Alan Abramowitz
Alan Ira Abramowitz (born December 1, 1947)[1] is an United States political scientist and author, known for his research and writings on American politics, elections, and political parties in political science. Abramowitz graduated with a B.A. with high honors in political science from the University of Rochester in 1969. He attended graduate school at Stanford University, completing an M.A.
  • 1.1K
  • 27 Dec 2022
Topic Review
Insomnia and Chronic Spinal Pain
Insomnia is a major problem in the chronic spinal pain (CSP) population and has a negative impact on health and well-being. The following factors are associated with a significantly higher rate for insomnia: high pain intensity, anxiety and depression. Low-quality evidence showed increased odds for insomnia when one of the following factors was present: female sex, performing no professional activities and physical/musculoskeletal comorbidities. Higher healthcare use was also significantly related to the presence of insomnia.
  • 1.1K
  • 02 Aug 2021
Topic Review
Pliohyracidae
Hyraxes (from grc ὕραξ (húrax) 'shrewmouse'), also called dassies, are small, thickset, herbivorous mammals in the order Hyracoidea. Hyraxes are well-furred, rotund animals with short tails. Typically, they measure between 30 and 70 cm (12 and 28 in) long and weigh between 2 and 5 kg (4 and 11 lb). They are superficially similar to pikas and marmots, but are more closely related to elephants and sea cows. Hyraxes have a life span from 9 to 14 years. Five extant species are recognised: the rock hyrax (Procavia capensis) and the yellow-spotted rock hyrax (Heterohyrax brucei), which both live on rock outcrops, including cliffs in Ethiopia and isolated granite outcrops called koppies in southern Africa; the western tree hyrax (Dendrohyrax dorsalis), southern tree hyrax (D. arboreus), and eastern tree hyrax (D. validus). Their distribution is limited to Africa, except for P. capensis, which is also found in the Middle East.
  • 1.1K
  • 21 Nov 2022
Biography
William E. Caswell
William Edward Caswell (June 22, 1947 – September 11, 2001) was a physicist who died during the September 11 attacks, as a passenger aboard American Airlines Flight 77, which was crashed into the Pentagon. Caswell did work in quantum gauge theory, most notably, his 1972 calculation of the beta function to two-loop accuracy. His pioneering work in the days of FORTRAN and punch cards demonstrate
  • 1.1K
  • 22 Nov 2022
Biography
David E. Aspnes
David Erik Aspnes (born 1 May 1939 in Madison, Wisconsin) is an American physicist and a member of the National Academy of Sciences (1998). Aspnes developed fundamental theories of the linear and nonlinear optical properties of materials and thin films, and the technology of spectroscopic ellipsometry (SE). SE is a metrology that is indispensable in the manufacture of integrated circuits. Asp
  • 1.1K
  • 26 Dec 2022
Topic Review
Bioprinting of Organ-on-Chip Systems
Bioprinting involves the spatial patterning of living cells and other biologics by stacking them using a computer-aided layer-by-layer deposition approach to fabricate living tissue-like constructs. It has the ability to create channels that have features with complex design and is a one-step fabrication process. In addition, it has the potential to be fully automated, maintain accuracy, and be replicated with relative ease.
  • 1.1K
  • 08 Sep 2021
Topic Review
Line-Shaped-Illumination Two-Photon Microscopy
Line-shaped illumination is a useful configuration to obtain a multifocal pattern to be used in two-photon microscopy: the light beam emitted by the illuminating laser is first shaped by means of cylindrical lenses and then is focused inside the sample as a continuous line. The simultaneous excitation of several points in the specimen is expected to reduce the acquisition time with respect to the usual point-scanning two-photon microscopes, as a two-dimensional image is obtained by scanning the line along a single direction.
  • 1.1K
  • 05 May 2022
Biography
Margaret MacVicar
Margaret L.A. (Scotty) MacVicar (November 20, 1943 – September 30, 1991) was an United States physicist and educator. In addition to serving as MIT's Dean of Undergraduate Education (1985–1990), MacVicar is credited with founding the now widely emulated Undergraduate Research Opportunities Program (UROP) in 1969.[1] MacVicar received her undergraduate and graduate degrees at MIT and joined t
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  • 30 Dec 2022
Topic Review
TLR2
Toll-like receptor 2 also known as TLR2 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the TLR2 gene. TLR2 has also been designated as CD282 (cluster of differentiation 282). TLR2 is one of the toll-like receptors and plays a role in the immune system. TLR2 is a membrane protein, a receptor, which is expressed on the surface of certain cells and recognizes foreign substances and passes on appropriate signals to the cells of the immune system.
  • 1.1K
  • 14 Nov 2022
Biography
Joe Wiseman Howland
Joe Wiseman Howland, M.D., Ph.D. (21 December 1908 – 12 October 1978) a pioneer researcher in radiation toxicity, health and safety. Howland served as a Major in the U.S. Army as Chief, Research Branch, Medical Division on the Manhattan Project. He worked in the Medical Division of the Atomic Energy Project at the University of Rochester. Dr. Howland was a consultant on radiation exposure, occ
  • 1.1K
  • 16 Dec 2022
Biography
Elizabeth Lack
Elizabeth Lack (1916–2015) was a British ornithologist and researcher, best known for her contributions to the massive reference book, A Dictionary of Birds. Born Elizabeth Silva in June 1916 in Hertfordshire, England, her father was starch manufacturer, Jack Silva of Kent. She grew passionate about birds and nature while she was still a young girl. She also had parallel interests in violin
  • 1.1K
  • 28 Dec 2022
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