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Topic Review
Vibration Monitoring for Hay Rotary Tedder
Vibration monitoring provides a good-quality source of information about the health condition of machines, and it is often based on the use of accelerometers. Mechanical vibration transducers are used to receive a mechanical signal from a vibrating object and convert it into an electrical signal. This signal is properly processed. A measurement system includes a vibration transducer, for instance, a piezoelectric transducer, and an appropriate amplifier. Mechanical vibration measurement systems measure the vibrations produced by machines as well as the vibrations of buildings or bridges. 
  • 761
  • 21 Jun 2022
Topic Review
Existing Mobile Broadband Performance Measurements
Globally, mobile broadband (MBB) penetration has increased due to the widespread use of smart devices, better mobile network coverage, and the ongoing quest for faster wireless and mobile communication technology. This has led to a tremendous rise in the number of internet subscribers, which is positively impacting the social and economic well-being of society at large. Terrestrial mobile network operators (MNOs) are responsible for providing MBB services to end users, but some of them do not offer the advertised speeds or theoretical speeds specified by 3GPP specifications. Therefore, periodic impartial and unbiased performance measurement studies of the quality of service (QoS) provided by the MNOs as perceived by the end users are required to help MNOs enhance the capabilities of their MBB networks and provide services at an acceptable quality.
  • 758
  • 07 Apr 2023
Topic Review
Thermal Monitoring Techniques for Radial Permanent Magnet Machines
Permanent magnet machines are widely applied in motor drive systems. Therefore, condition monitoring of permanent magnet machines has great significance to assist maintenance. High temperatures are accountable for lots of typical malfunctions and faults, such as demagnetization of the permanent magnet (PM) and inter-turn short circuit of stator windings. Therefore, temperature monitoring of the PM and stator windings is essential for reliable operation.
  • 754
  • 16 Feb 2022
Topic Review
Potential Role of ChatGPT in Scientific Works
ChatGPT is a variation of the large language model (LLM) named GPT-3 from OpenAI, trained on a given dataset. ChatGPT, which is based on GPT-3 using a specific algorithm for learning, could be used for brainstorming in a conversational way, its possibilities can bring a revolution to working environments in various professions.
  • 752
  • 28 Jul 2023
Topic Review
Spin Orbit Torque-Assisted Magnetic Tunnel Junction-Based Hardware Trojan
With the advancement of beyond-CMOS devices to keep Moore’s law alive, several emerging devices have found application in a wide range of applications. Spintronic devices offer low power, non-volatility, inherent spatial and temporal randomness, simplicity of integration with a silicon substrate, etc. This makes them a potential candidate for next-generation hardware options. The giant spin Hall effect (GSHE)-driven spin-orbit torque (SOT) magnetic tunnel junction (MTJ) as a potential candidate for creating an externally triggered hardware Trojan and insertion into logic-locked hardware security considering the effect of process and temperature variations is explored.
  • 750
  • 09 Jun 2022
Topic Review
Sustainable Power Grid Expansion
Electric demand is steadily increasing, hence requiring continuous investments in modernizing, and expanding power grids worldwide. Traditionally, power system planning projects have considered minimizing the costs of capacity expansion and minimizing the amount of energy not served as the main objectives. With climate change policies enforcing the decommissioning of fossil-fuel-based generation, new clean and renewable generation technologies are being considered for power system capacity expansion projects. However, every generation and transmission technology can potentially have negative impacts on the environment. Life cycle assessment (LCA) is a tool that allows us to evaluate the impacts of these technologies on the environment and society over its entire lifetime.
  • 750
  • 08 Jun 2023
Topic Review
Turning and Sensing System for Pressure Ulcers Prevention
Pressure ulcers (PU) are one of the most frequent hazards of long-term bedridden patients. With the continuous increase of aging, the number of long-term bedridden disabled and semi-disabled elderly people is increasing. At the same time, there is a serious shortage of professional pressure ulcer nursing staff.
  • 748
  • 20 Dec 2021
Topic Review
Smart Contract Design in Distributed Energy Systems
Blockchain technology and, in particular, smart contracts based on it, offers a new, decentralized mechanism for entering into and fulfilling contracts in diverse markets. Energy markets are no exception, and indeed, the decentralized nature of the blockchain may be particularly important for them as the penetration of residential prosumers offering microgeneration to the grid grows. 
  • 747
  • 28 Jul 2023
Topic Review
Combimac
COMBIMAC is a manufacturer of special electric motors and centrifugal fans located in the town Emmen, the Netherlands.
  • 746
  • 29 Nov 2022
Topic Review
Potential for Integrating Renewables into Vietnam's Isolated Grids
The reliability and vulnerability of isolated networks should be further attention, especially modern networks with high renewable energy integration.
  • 742
  • 08 Jun 2023
Topic Review
Electricity Energy Storage
The mass deployment of energy storage and distributed energy resources has become a major goal across several states in the United States. However, the viability and reality of such a goal in New York City has been put in question as possible financial burdens and execution risks are still unclear, while policies and regulations are still not fully settled. This entry provides a foundational overview of the Lazard LCOS study with emphasis on forward states which have successfully implemented mass deployment of energy storage technologies. “Adders” are related to the practicality in deploying these systems in a highly regulated and densely populated urban area such as New York City. It also discusses details on the typical financial structure/incentives that support the policies and regulations that allow for achieving these clean energy goals. 
  • 738
  • 08 Apr 2022
Topic Review
Internet of Things Applications
Devices like the Internet of Things (IoT) have a significant presence in our daily lives owing to the technological revolution, wireless devices, and communication systems. IoT has become a vital part of the digital era of Industry 4.0. The ability to bring physical things into the digital world is becoming more likely because of technology. Applications of IoT can be utilized in various ways to assist systems and businesses in simplifying, improving, automating, and controlling processes. IoT can also be used for delivering important data, activity performance, or even environmental factors that have to be monitored continuously and remotely. IoT applications can therefore help with the creation of new systems and business strategies, as well as provide businesses with the instant data they need to create products and services.
  • 735
  • 24 Oct 2022
Topic Review
Demand Response in Wastewater Treatment Plant
The transition from traditional fuel-dependent energy systems to renewable energy-based systems has been extensively embraced worldwide. Demand-side flexibility is essential to support the power grid with carbon-free generation (e.g., solar, wind.) in an intermittent nature. As extensive energy consumers, commercial and industrial (C&I) consumers can play a key role by extending their flexibility and participating in demand response. Onsite renewable generation by consumers can reduce the consumption from the grid, while energy storage systems (ESSs) can support variable generation and shift demand by storing energy for later use. Both technologies can increase the flexibility and benefit by integrating with the demand response. 
  • 733
  • 29 Jan 2024
Topic Review
Managing Energy Flexibility Resources in Buildings
The integration of renewable energy and flexible energy sources in buildings brings numerous benefits. However, the integration of new technologies has increased the complexity and despite the progress of optimization algorithms and technologies, new research challenges emerge. Multi-objective optimization is crucial to enhance the utilization of flexible resources within individual buildings and communities. 
  • 731
  • 12 Sep 2023
Topic Review
Hybrid Dragonfly Algorithm for Induction Motors Efficiency Optimization
Induction motors tend to have better efficiency on rated conditions, but at partial load conditions, when these motors operate on rated flux, they exhibit lower efficiency. In such conditions, when these motors operate for a long duration, a lot of electricity gets consumed by the motors, due to which the computational cost as well as the total running cost of industrial plant increases. Squirrel-cage induction motors are widely used in industries due to their low cost, robustness, easy maintenance, and good power/mass relation all through their life cycle. A significant amount of electrical energy is consumed due to the large count of operational units worldwide; hence, even an enhancement in minute efficiency can direct considerable contributions within revenue saving, global electricity consumption, and other environmental facts. Hybrid dragonfly algorithm is a model of induction motor drive is taken, in which the proportional integral (PI) controller is tuned. The optimal tuning of gains of a PI controller such as proportional gain and integral gain is conducted. The tuning procedure in the controller is performed in such a condition that the efficiency of the induction motor should be maximum. Moreover, the optimization concept relies on the development of a new hybrid algorithm, the so-called Scrounger Strikes Levy-based dragonfly algorithm (SL-DA), that hybridizes the concept of dragonfly algorithm (DA) and group search optimization (GSO). 
  • 730
  • 26 Apr 2022
Topic Review
Offshore Renewable Energy
Marine energy resources could be crucial in meeting the increased demand for clean electricity. To enable the use of marine energy resources, developing efficient and durable offshore electrical systems is vital. A DC collection grid can be especially suitable for offshore marine energy resources, since the transmission losses are expected to be lower, and the electrical components could possibly be made smaller. Therefore, five DC collection grid topologies are proposed and qualitatively evaluated for marine energy resources using submerged and non-submerged marine energy converters.
  • 727
  • 18 Aug 2022
Topic Review Peer Reviewed
Maxwell’s Early Unitary View of Electricity and Fluid Mechanics
In young Maxwell’s eyes, electricity, magnetism and fluid mechanics present analogies that let the first be mathematically grasped in a unitary way similarly to the latter. This entry sketches the first steps of James Clerk Maxwell’s unitary view of electromagnetism and fluid mechanics, with long-lasting effects on understanding the physical world. In his very first paper on the subject, Maxwell interpreted Faraday’s concept of lines of force of both electricity and magnetism as filaments of a flowing fluid. That is, Maxwell suggested to unify the previously distinct fields of electricity and magnetism, considering them as different aspects of the same entity, the ‘electromagnetic field’, which is mathematically described by four partial differential equations. In the literature there are several comprehensive works on Maxwell’s mature exposition of his theory; however, the aim of this entry contribution is rather more limited. Indeed, it is restricted to examining the contributions of Maxwell’s first paper towards developing the idea of electric current as the motion of an incompressible fluid. Thus, this entry highlights the strong connections of Maxwell’s epistemological view with the ‘mechanistic’ approach of the time to every aspect of physical phenomenology. For this purpose, this entry mentions some historical context surrounding the emergence of Maxwell’s innovative concepts.
  • 727
  • 25 Dec 2023
Topic Review
Metal-Oxide Heterojunction
As technologies like the Internet, artificial intelligence, and big data evolve at a rapid pace, computer architecture is transitioning from compute-intensive to memory-intensive. The emulation of the behaviors of a synapse at the device level by ionic/electronic devices has shown promising potential in future neural-inspired and compact artificial intelligence systems.
  • 727
  • 28 Dec 2023
Topic Review
Nonvolatile Memory-Based Spiking Neural Network Architectures
A sustainable computing scenario demands more energy-efficient processors. Neuromorphic systems mimic biological functions by employing spiking neural networks for achieving brain-like efficiency, speed, adaptability, and intelligence. Current trends in neuromorphic technologies address the challenges of investigating novel materials, systems, and architectures for enabling high-integration and extreme low-power brain-inspired computing. 
  • 726
  • 24 May 2022
Topic Review
Neural Networks for Predicting Industrial Paper Press Condition
Forecasting has extreme importance in industry due to the numerous competitive advantages that it provides, allowing to foresee what might happen and adjust management decisions accordingly. Industries increasingly use sensors, which allow for large-scale data collection. Big datasets enable training, testing and application of complex predictive algorithms based on machine learning models.
  • 725
  • 26 Sep 2022
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