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Topic Review
Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance-Based Techniques
Cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) imaging has an important emerging role in the evaluation and management of patients with cardiomyopathies, especially in patients with dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM). It allows a non-invasive characterization of myocardial tissue, thus assisting early diagnosis and precise phenotyping of the different cardiomyopathies, which is an essential step for early and individualized treatment of patients.
  • 163
  • 27 Feb 2024
Topic Review
Cardiovascular Biomarkers in Cardio-Oncology
Serum biomarkers represent a reproducible, sensitive, minimally invasive and inexpensive method to explore possible adverse cardiovascular effects of antineoplastic treatments. They are useful tools in risk stratification, the early detection of cardiotoxicity and the follow-up and prognostic assessment of cancer patients.
  • 161
  • 28 Feb 2024
Topic Review
Myocardial Work in Coronary Artery Disease
Myocardial ischemia caused by coronary artery disease (CAD) and the presence of metabolic abnormalities and microvascular impairments detected in patients with diabetes mellitus (DM) are a common cause of left ventricular (LV) dysfunction. Transthoracic echocardiography is the most-used, non-invasive imaging method for the assessment of myocardial contractility. The accurate evaluation of LV function is crucial for identifying patients who are at high risk or may have worse outcomes. Myocardial work (MW) is emerging as an alternative tool for the evaluation of LV systolic function, providing additional information on cardiac performance when compared to conventional parameters such as left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) and global longitudinal strain (GLS) because it incorporates deformation and load into its analysis. The potential of MW in various conditions is promising and it has gained increased attention. 
  • 159
  • 05 Mar 2024
Topic Review
Approaches for Atrial Fibrillation Detection
Atrial Fibrillation (AFib) is a Cardiovascular Disease (CVD) characterized by the uncoordinated activity of the heart chambers, with the atria exhibiting irregular and high-rate electrical activity. Autoencoders (AEs) can be used as an automatic feature extraction tool, tailoring the resulting features to a specific classification task. By coupling an encoder to a classifier, it is possible to reduce the dimension of the Electrocardiogram (ECG) heartbeat waveforms and classify them. 
  • 152
  • 11 Jan 2024
Topic Review
Laboratory Considerations for High-Sensitivity Cardiac Troponin
High-sensitivity cardiac troponin (hs-cTn) assays have revolutionized the assessment of myocardial stress and injury due to their superior sensitivity and accuracy in detecting even minor cardiac damage. However, hs-cTn is often included in the initial blood draw for baseline assessment in such patients and has prognostic value in predicting in-hospital and long-term mortality.
  • 144
  • 02 Jan 2024
Topic Review
Probing Complex Postural Orthostatic Tachycardia Syndrome
POTS impacts up to 1% of Americans, mostly women, turning everyday tasks into challenges. This review delves into the complex causes of POTS, examining the heart's natural pacemaker, heart muscle, nervous system, and body's fluid and hormonal balance. It underscores the need for ongoing research to deepen our understanding of POTS and enhance patient care.
  • 119
  • 26 Aug 2024
Topic Review
Management of Fluid Overload in Acute Settings
This entry provides a comprehensive review of fluid overload management, specifically targeting therapeutic strategies for patients with diuretic resistance or refractory volume overload. It covers the pathophysiology of edema formation and the challenges associated with fluid removal in patients with chronic conditions such as congestive heart failure, cirrhosis, and chronic kidney disease. Key treatments discussed include combination therapy with loop and thiazide diuretics, use of alternative loop diuretics with higher bioavailability, and the comparative effectiveness of bolus versus continuous drip loop diuretics. For patients unresponsive to pharmacologic management, the entry also examines mechanical ultrafiltration methods, comparing hemodialysis (HD), continuous venovenous hemofiltration (CVVH), and specialized CHF solutions (Aquamid). The entry emphasizes evidence-based approaches, highlighting studies that support optimized fluid management to improve patient outcomes and reduce hospital readmissions.
  • 56
  • 30 Oct 2024
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