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Topic Review
National Association of Manufacturers
The National Association of Manufacturers (NAM) is an advocacy group headquartered in Washington, D.C., United States, with additional offices across the country. It is the nation's largest manufacturing industrial trade association, representing 14,000 small and large manufacturing companies in every industrial sector and in all 50 states. Jay Timmons has led the organization as President and CEO since 2011. A 2018 article by Business Insider described the NAM as "a behemoth in the US capital, receiving unfettered access to the White House and top lawmakers on Capitol Hill." In 2018, House Ways and Means Chairman Kevin Brady commented that passage of the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act would not have happened without leadership from the National Association of Manufacturers. President Donald Trump addressed the NAM board in 2017.
  • 426
  • 24 Nov 2022
Topic Review
Plant Ecological Treatment Technology for Livestock Wastewater
After antibiotics are used in livestock and poultry, on the one hand, selection pressure will be formed to make the intestinal microorganisms of livestock and poultry develop resistance, thus making livestock and poultry manure carry a large amount of antibiotic resistance gene (ARG); on the other hand, about 30-90% of antibiotics will be discharged into the environment with livestock and poultry manure, and the antibiotics entering the environment will not only cause chemical pollution, but most importantly, may induce antibiotic-resistant bacteria (ARB) and ARG in the environment generation in the environment. The sources of ARGs in livestock wastewater may be threefold: (1) livestock wastewater receives ARGs already present in livestock manure; (2) pollutants such as antibiotics and heavy metals in wastewater induce microorganisms to produce ARGs; and (3) proliferation of microbial host bacteria leads to proliferation of ARGs. Unlike traditional chemical pollutants, which exhibit unique environmental behaviors such as replicability, transmissibility, and environmental persistence due to their inherent biological properties, ARGs are promoted by mobile genetic elements such as plasmids, transposons, integrons, insertion sequence common regions, and complex integrons. These ARGs are transmitted between different microorganisms in environmental media through horizontal gene transfer (HGT) mechanisms and may enter the food chain and humans through direct or indirect routes, increasing human drug resistance and endangering human public health.
  • 425
  • 21 Mar 2023
Topic Review
Toxicity of PFASs to Aquatic Invertebrates
Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs), recognized worldwide as emerging pollutants. Its accumulation in living organisms and foods has accentuated the importance of investigations into aquatic organisms at the bottom of the food chain, as the stability and integrity of the food web as well as the population quantity and structure of the aquatic ecosystem may be affected. In aquatic ecosystems, invertebrates, planktons, and microorganisms are essential for material circulation and energy flow. As such, the toxicity and bioaccumulation effects on aquatic organisms directly determine the survival of all other animals along this food chain, making them important study species.
  • 424
  • 04 Jan 2023
Topic Review
Power Shift
Power Shift is an annual youth summit which has been held in New Zealand, Australia , Canada , the United Kingdom and the United States . Other Power Shift Conferences are also being organised by members of the International Youth Climate Movement including Africa, Japan and India . The focus of the events is on climate change policy.
  • 424
  • 20 Oct 2022
Topic Review
Climate Change Impacts, Public Attitudes, and Climate Action
European member states have high emission reduction potential. They send a strong signal to the rest of the world with their action or inaction on climate change. Yet, within the EU, national-level climate policies (NLCP) lag behind the EU Commission’s overall climate goals. Transparency of and accountability for climate action requires an integrative perspective.
  • 423
  • 23 May 2023
Topic Review
Toxins and Toxins Secreted by Algal Bloom Habitats
Fish die-offs are important indicators of aquatic environmental problems, and although some fish species are very sensitive to adverse changes in environmental conditions (there are many fish species that have a relatively low tolerance to changes in the environment), it is important to remember that such changes usually affect entire aquatic ecosystems, and thus other animals and plants, as well as everything related to the bottom life of the aquatic environment. Localized sudden and mass fish kills or even whole fish populations and deterioration (mortality) in aquatic life in different types of water bodies, namely freshwater, marine, and estuarine, have been observed quite frequently and excessively. Although the causes of their occurrence may be natural, anthropogenic changes and pollution (including toxins) in aquatic and terrestrial systems are major contributors to the increasing frequency and magnitude of fish kills worldwide.
  • 423
  • 03 Jul 2023
Topic Review
Cathode Materials of Sodium-Metal Chloride Batteries
The widespread electrification of various sectors is triggering a strong demand for new energy storage systems with low environmental impact and using abundant raw materials. Batteries employing elemental sodium could offer significant advantages, as the use of a naturally abundant element such as sodium is strategic to satisfy the increasing demand.
  • 421
  • 08 Nov 2023
Topic Review
Smart Cities and Natural Disasters
Smart Cities are cities that use technology and data to improve the quality of life for their citizens, enhance sustainability, and increase efficiency in urban services. Natural disasters refer to events that occur in nature and cause significant damage or loss of life. Smart Cities have the potential to play a significant role in preparing for and responding to natural disasters. By using technology and data to monitor and manage urban infrastructure, cities can improve their resilience and ability to respond to disasters quickly and effectively. This research explores the potential benefits of Smart Cities in enhancing resilience during natural disasters, the challenges in implementing Smart City technologies, and the solutions to overcome these challenges.
  • 420
  • 22 May 2023
Topic Review
Tire Particles in Urban Parks
Tire particles (TPs) are a major source of emission of micro and nanoplastics into the environment. Although most TPs are deposited in soil or freshwater sediments and have been shown to accumulate in organisms, most research has focused on leachate toxicity, neglecting the potential effects of particles and their impact ecotoxicological on the environment.
  • 414
  • 19 May 2023
Topic Review
Harnessing the Power of AI for Pollution Reduction
Pollution is a major global problem that affects the environment, human health, and the economy. Fortunately, AI has the potential to play a significant role in reducing pollution and mitigating its effects. How AI can be used to improve the efficiency of industrial processes, enhance environmental monitoring, develop predictive models, and support citizen science initiatives to reduce pollution were described here.
  • 412
  • 17 May 2023
Topic Review
Health of Coastal Environments in the Pacific Region
Coastal areas provide important ecological services to populations accessing, for example, tourism services, fisheries, minerals and petroleum. Coastal zones worldwide are exposed to multiple stressors that threaten the sustainability of receiving environments. Assessing the health of these valuable ecosystems remains a top priority for environmental managers to ensure the key stressor sources are identified and their impacts minimized. 
  • 411
  • 23 Mar 2023
Topic Review
Fungi Remediate Soils Contaminated by War-like Activities
Fungi comprise the largest kingdom of higher organisms on the planet: eukaryotes with complex cell structures and abilities to make tissues and organs. Hyphae filaments have a rigid, complex cell wall and moving protoplasm (cytosol) divided into compartments by cross walls termed septa, allowing cellular components to move through these. The plasma membrane comprises a phospholipid bilayer associated with transmembrane proteins and ergosterol and some enzymes such as integral membrane proteins chitin synthase and glucan synthase. The release of enzymes into the extracellular environment, which many fungal species carry out, and the high contact area between filamentous fungi and the soil make these organisms promising for the degradation or immobilization of pollutants (explosives, metals, metalloids, radionuclides, and herbicides) in soil impacted by War-like activities.
  • 411
  • 17 Feb 2024
Topic Review
Energy-Related Carbon Dioxide Emissions from Economic Growth
The study analyzed some energy, fossil fuel, economic, and environmental indicators, such as energy use, CO2 emissions, driving factors, decoupling elasticity status, and decoupling effort status. It relied on the Kaya identity and Logarithmic Mean Divisia Index (LMDI) in determining the drivers of CO2 emissions. As shown by the results, between 2004 and 2020, energy consumption in Poland grew at an average annual rate of 0.8%, while fossil fuel carbon emissions declined at 0.7% per year. Energy intensity was found to be the key force behind the reduction in CO2 emissions, whereas rapid economic growth was the main driver of CO2 emissions.
  • 410
  • 01 Jun 2023
Topic Review
Action for Climate Empowerment (ACE)
Action for Climate Empowerment (ACE) is a term adopted by the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC). It refers to Article 6 of the Convention’s original text (1992), focusing on six priority areas: education, training, public awareness, public participation, public access to information, and international cooperation on these issues. The implementation of all six areas has been identified as the pivotal factor for everyone to understand and participate in solving the complex challenges presented by climate change. The importance of ACE is reflected in other international frameworks such as the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs, 2015); the Global Action Programme for Education for Sustainable Development (GAP on ESD, 2014); the Aarhus Convention (2011); and the Bali Guidelines (2010). ACE calls on governments to develop and implement educational and public awareness programmes, train scientific, technical and managerial personnel, foster access to information, and promote public participation in addressing climate change and its effects. It also urges countries to cooperate in this process, by exchanging good practices and lessons learned, and strengthening national institutions. This wide scope of activities is guided by specific objectives that, together, are seen as crucial for effectively implementing climate adaptation and mitigation actions, and for achieving the ultimate objective of the UNFCCC.
  • 409
  • 08 Nov 2022
Topic Review
Quorum Sensing in Microorganisms
The marine environment possesses diverse and complex characteristics, representing a significant challenge for microbial survival. Therefore, bacteria must develop adaptive mechanisms to thrive in such environments. Quorum sensing (QS), a well-established phenomenon in microorganisms, involves the communication between cells through chemical signals, which depends on cell density. Extensive research has been conducted on this microbial ability, encompassing the early stages of understanding QS to the latest advancements in the identification and characterization of its mechanisms. 
  • 409
  • 24 Aug 2023
Topic Review
Adjustment and Renovation Policies of Old Industrial Cities
General Secretary Xi Jinping has repeatedly emphasized that China’s carbon dioxide emissions will peak before 2030, and the country will strive to achieve carbon neutrality before 2060. Activities related to industrial production and energy consumption are the main sources of carbon dioxide production. Vigorous promotion of carbon emission reduction in the industrial and energy fields is key to the successful implementation of new environmentally friendly development concepts, and to accelerate the construction of a modern industrial system, which in turn will help achieve carbon peaking, and then carbon neutrality. The old industrial cities have made historical and significant contributions to the formation and improvement of an independent and complete industrial system and national economic system in China, and have been indispensable in the post opening-up reform era, and during the current wave of modernization.
  • 407
  • 25 Aug 2022
Topic Review
Geoethical Thinking in the Educational System of Greece
Geoethics is a relatively new and interdisciplinary field that addresses the ethical implications of the use and management of the Earth’s resources and environment. It encompasses ethical considerations related to geosciences and the environment, such as the protection of geological heritage, the management of natural resources, and the mitigation of natural hazards. Furthermore, it includes the ethical implications of the use of geotechnology, such as the use of geothermal energy and the handling of geological waste. It aims to ensure that the needs and well-being of present and future generations are considered when making decisions regarding the use and management of natural resources, including geoheritage.
  • 405
  • 16 May 2023
Topic Review
R20 Regions of Climate Action
The R20 - Regions of Climate Action is a non-profit environmental organization founded in September 2011, by former Governor of California , Arnold Schwarzenegger, with the support of the United Nations . R20 is a coalition of sub-national governments, private companies, international organizations, NGOs, and academic & financial institutions. Its mission is to accelerate sub-national infrastructure investments in the green economy to meaningfully contribute to the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). The NGO operates at the sub-national level as R20 believes sub-national governments constitute a powerful force for change and are best positioned to take action & implement green projects. R20's efforts are designed to support sub-national governments around the world to develop and finance low-carbon and climate resilient infrastructure projects in the field of renewable energy, energy efficient lighting and waste optimisation.
  • 403
  • 24 Nov 2022
Topic Review
Huizhou Fire Seal Walls in Chinese Traditional Buildings
In the history of human civilization, traditional villages and buildings have been significantly threatened by fire. As an essential part of Huizhou traditional architecture, fire seal walls play a crucial role in preserving Huizhou architecture by effectively blocking the spread of fire. 
  • 402
  • 01 Nov 2023
Topic Review
Circularity and Energy Production in the Built Environment
Building materials, due to their mass and energy-consuming production processes, drastically increase the embodied energy of construction. There is a significant decrease in environmental impacts results from a shift to recycled materials in the construction phase, as well as from changing the landfill disposal method to recycling. In particular, it was found that the use of recycled building materials (such as recycled cement, metal, concrete, or glass) during the construction phase and recycling disposal methods lead to an overall decrease of impact up to 65%. 
  • 400
  • 16 May 2022
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