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Biography
David Dane
David Maurice Surrey Dane, MRCS CRCP MB Bchir MRCP MRCPath FRCPath FRCP (25 March 1923 – 9 April 1998) was a pre-eminent British pathologist and clinical virologist known for his pioneering work in infectious diseases including poliomyelitis and the early investigations into the efficacy of a number of vaccines. He is particularly remembered for his strategic foresight in the field of blood tr
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  • 09 Dec 2022
Topic Review
Asymmetric Recognition by Chiral Porphyrinoids
Over the years, chiral discrimination of chiral molecules such as amino acids, alcohols, amines, hydroxy-carboxylic acids, etc. has aroused the interest of the scientific community. Thus, numerous studies have reported the possibility to discriminate several organic guests by using both symmetric and asymmetric porphyrin derivatives. Nevertheless, this entry exclusively focuses on chiral porphyrinoids as probes for asymmetric recognition and sensing, illustrating the main aspects concerning the chiral recognition phenomena of a multitude of chiral organic guests through several chiral mono- and bis-porphyrins via different spectroscopic techniques.
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  • 17 Nov 2021
Biography
Paul Langerhans
Paul Langerhans (25 July 1847 – 20 July 1888) was a Germany pathologist, physiologist and biologist, credited with the discovery of the cells that secrete insulin, named after him as the islets of Langerhans. Islets of Langerhans – Pancreatic cells which produce insulin. Langerhans discovered these cells during his studies for his doctorate at the Berlin Pathological Institute in 1869.[
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  • 12 Dec 2022
Biography
Martin David Kruskal
Martin David Kruskal (/ˈkrʌskəl/; September 28, 1925 – December 26, 2006)[1] was an American mathematician and physicist. He made fundamental contributions in many areas of mathematics and science, ranging from plasma physics to general relativity and from nonlinear analysis to asymptotic analysis. His single most celebrated contribution was the discovery and theory of solitons.[2] He was
  • 1.2K
  • 17 Nov 2022
Topic Review
BioSD
The BioSample Database (BioSD) is a database at European Bioinformatics Institute for the information about the biological samples used in sequencing. It stores submitter-supplied metadata about the biological materials from which data stored in the National Center for Biotechnology Information’s (NCBI) primary data archives are derived. NCBI’s archives hosts data pertaining to diverse types of samples from many species, and as such the BioSample database is similarly diverse. Examples of a BioSample include a primary tissue biopsy, an individual organism or an environmental isolate. The BioSample database captures sample metadata in a structured way by encouraging use of controlled sample attribute field name vocabularies. This metadata is key in giving the sample data context, allowing it to be more fully understood, reused, and enables aggregation of disparate data sets. Sample metadata is linked to relevant experimental data across many archival databases relieving submitter burden by enabling one-time submission of sample description. They then can reference that sample, when necessary, when making data deposits to other archives. BioSample records are indexed and searchable, supporting cross-database queries by sample description.
  • 1.2K
  • 02 Dec 2022
Biography
Tetiana Starodub
Tetiana Starodub, Ph.D. (Political Sciences), Senior Researcher (born 4 October 1979), is an Ukraine scientist, Associate Professor of International Relations Department, Kyiv Academy for the Humanities, Associate professor of political analytics and forecasting Department of National Academy of Public Administration under the Office of the President of Ukraine. Author of notable scientific arti
  • 1.2K
  • 02 Dec 2022
Topic Review
AMPK, mitochondria, and CVDs
Adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK) is in charge of numerous catabolic and anabolic signaling pathways to sustain appropriate intracellular adenosine triphosphate levels in response to energetic and/or cellular stress. In addition to its conventional roles as an intracellular energy switch or fuel gauge, emerging research has shown that AMPK is also a redox sensor and modulator, playing pivotal roles in maintaining cardiovascular processes and inhibiting disease progression. Pharmacological reagents, including statins, metformin, berberine, polyphenol, and resveratrol, all of which are widely used therapeutics for cardiovascular disorders, appear to deliver their protective/therapeutic effects partially via AMPK signaling modulation. The functions of AMPK during health and disease are far from clear. Accumulating studies have demonstrated crosstalk between AMPK and mitochondria, such as AMPK regulation of mitochondrial homeostasis and mitochondrial dysfunction causing abnormal AMPK activity. In this review, we begin with the description of AMPK structure and regulation, and then focus on the recent advances toward understanding how mitochondrial dysfunction controls AMPK and how AMPK, as a central mediator of the cellular response to energetic stress, maintains mitochondrial homeostasis. Finally, we systemically review how dysfunctional AMPK contributes to the initiation and progression of cardiovascular diseases via the impact on mitochondrial function.
  • 1.2K
  • 29 Jul 2020
Biography
Stefan Ślopek
Stefan Ślopek (December 1, 1914 in Skawa near Kraków – 22 August 1995, Wrocław[1] was a Polish scientist specializing in clinical microbiology and immunology. He is the great grandson of Józef Juraszek Ślopek. He is buried in the Grabiszyński Cemetery in Wrocław. After he had completed his secondary education in Tarnopol, he started his medical studies at the Faculty of Medicine in
  • 1.2K
  • 27 Dec 2022
Biography
Richard Gordon
Richard (Dick) Gordon is an United States theoretical biologist. He was born in Brooklyn, New York on Nov 6, 1943, the eldest son of Jack Gordon, a salesman and American handball champion,[1] and artist Diana Gordon. He is married to retired scientist Natalie K Björklund with whom he cowrote his second book and several academic publications. He has three sons, Leland, Bryson and Chason Gordon a
  • 1.2K
  • 13 Dec 2022
Topic Review
Compression of Genomic Sequencing Data
High-throughput sequencing technologies have led to a dramatic decline of genome sequencing costs and to an astonishingly rapid accumulation of genomic data. These technologies are enabling ambitious genome sequencing endeavours, such as the 1000 Genomes Project and 1001 (Arabidopsis thaliana) Genomes Project. The storage and transfer of the tremendous amount of genomic data have become a mainstream problem, motivating the development of high-performance compression tools designed specifically for genomic data. A recent surge of interest in the development of novel algorithms and tools for storing and managing genomic re-sequencing data emphasizes the growing demand for efficient methods for genomic data compression.
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  • 07 Nov 2022
Biography
Rudolf Fleischmann
Rudolf Fleischmann (1 May 1903 – 3 February 2002) was a German experimental nuclear physicist from Erlangen, Bavaria. He worked for Walther Bothe at the Physics Institute of the University of Heidelberg and then at the Institute for Physics of the Kaiser Wilhelm Institute for Medical Research. Through his association with Bothe, he became involved in the German nuclear energy project, also kno
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  • 12 Dec 2022
Biography
Amos Bairoch
Amos Bairoch (born 22 November 1957) is a Swiss bioinformatician[1][2][3] and Professor of Bioinformatics at the Department of Human Protein Sciences of the University of Geneva where he leads the CALIPHO group[4] at the Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics (SIB) combining bioinformatics, curation, and experimental efforts to functionally characterize human proteins.[5] His father was the economic
  • 1.2K
  • 06 Dec 2022
Biography
Lina Stern
Lina Solomonovna Stern (or Shtern; Russian: Лина Соломоновна Штерн; 26 August 1878 – 7 March 1968) was a Soviet biochemist, physiologist and humanist whose medical discoveries saved thousands of lives at the fronts of World War II. She is best known for her pioneering work on the blood–brain barrier, which she described as hemato-encephalic barrier in 1921.[1] Born in
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  • 08 Dec 2022
Biography
Katrina Spade
Katrina Mogielnicki Spade (born September 9, 1977[1]) is an American designer, entrepreneur, and death care advocate.[2] Spade is the founder of Recompose, a public-benefit corporation developing a natural alternative to conventional cremation and burial. She was awarded the Echoing Green Climate Fellowship in 2014 and the Ashoka Fellowship in 2018 for her work.[3] Spade grew up in rural New
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  • 16 Dec 2022
Biography
Kenneth W. Ford
Kenneth William Ford (born May 1, 1926) is an United States theoretical physicist, teacher, and writer, currently residing in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. He was the first chair of the physics department at the University of California, Irvine, and later served as president of the New Mexico Institute of Mining and Technology (New Mexico Tech) and as Executive Director and CEO of the American Ins
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  • 07 Dec 2022
Biography
Ian F. Akyildiz
Ian F. Akyildiz (born on April 11, 1954 in Istanbul, Turkey) received his BS, MS, and PhD degrees in Electrical and Computer Engineering from the University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, Germany , in 1978, 1981 and 1984, respectively. Currently, he is the President and CTO of the Truva Inc. since March 1989. He also serves on the Advisory Board of the Technology Innovation Institute (TII) in Abu Dhabi
  • 1.2K
  • 07 Dec 2022
Topic Review
Genetically Modified Organism Containment and Escape
Since the advent of genetic engineering in the 1970s, concerns have been raised about the dangers of the technology. Laws, regulations, and treaties were created in the years following to contain genetically modified organisms and prevent their escape. Nonentheless, there are several examples of failure to keep GM crops separate from conventional ones.
  • 1.2K
  • 02 Nov 2022
Biography
Marilyn E. Jacox
Marilyn Esther Jacox (April 26, 1929 – October 30, 2013) was an American physical chemist. She was a National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) Fellow and Scientist Emeritus in the Sensor Science Division.[1] Jacox was born in Utica, New York, the daughter of Grant and Mary Jacox.[2] Jacox graduated summa cum laude with a degree in chemistry in 1951 from Syracuse University, hav
  • 1.2K
  • 28 Nov 2022
Topic Review
Redundancy Principle
The redundancy principle in biology expresses the need of many copies of the same entity (cells, molecules, ions) to fulfill a biological function. Examples are numerous: disproportionate numbers of spermatozoa during fertilization compared to one egg, large number of neurotransmitters released during neuronal communication compared to the number of receptors, large numbers of released calcium ions during transient in cells and many more in molecular and cellular transduction or gene activation and cell signaling. This redundancy is particularly relevant when the sites of activation is physically separated from the initial position of the molecular messengers. The redundancy is often generated for the purpose of resolving the time constraint of fast-activating pathways. It can be expressed in terms of the theory of extreme statistics to determine its laws and quantify how shortest paths are selected. The main goal is to estimate these large numbers from physical principles and mathematical derivations. When large distance separate the source and the target (a small activation site), the redundancy principle explains that this geometrical gap can be compensated by large number. Had nature used less copies than normal, activation would have taken a much longer time, as finding a small target by chance is a rare events and falls into narrow escape problems.
  • 1.2K
  • 01 Dec 2022
Biography
Susanne Hoeber Rudolph
Susanne Hoeber Rudolph (April 3, 1930 – December 23, 2015) was an American author, political thinker and educationist. She was a William Benton Distinguished Service Professor Emerita at the University of Chicago and was actively interested in Politics, Political Economy and Political Sociology of South Asia, State Formation, Max Weber and the Politics of Category and Culture.[1] The Governme
  • 1.2K
  • 29 Dec 2022
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