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Topic Review
Stand-Level Optimization
There is a vast backlog of conducted first commercial thinnings (FCTs) in Finland. The reasons are many, but probably the most crucial would be the lack of simultaneous economic incentives for participating agents, i.e., private forest owners and forest machine contractors. In this study an FCT was executed accruing to five predetermined management options: (1) Industrial wood thinning with only two timber assortments, pulpwood and saw logs, (2) Integrated procurement of industrial and energy wood, (3) Energy wood thinning solely consisting of delimbed stems, (4) Whole-tree energy wood thinning with an energy price of 3 € m−3 and (5) Whole-tree energy wood thinning with energy price of 8 € m−3. Then, a two-phase financial analysis consisting of stand-level optimization (private forest owners) and profitability assessment (contractor) was conducted in order to find out whether there would be simultaneous economic incentives for both participants of FCT. The stand-level optimization revealed the financially best management options for a private forest owner, and then, for a contractor, the profitability assessment exposed the profit (or loss) associated with the particular management option.
  • 1.0K
  • 22 Oct 2021
Topic Review
Tunnel Technology
Tunnel Technology is an infrastructure-based technology that facilitates crop production for an extended period. The technology protects the crop from climate change effects, prolongs production, and makes efficient use of resources.
  • 1.0K
  • 19 Jul 2021
Topic Review
Pensions, Ageing and Social Security Research
Pension systems are one of the fundamental pillars of the welfare state. The ageing of the population caused by longer life expectancy and low birth rates has led to a crisis in the public pension system in developed countries.
  • 1.0K
  • 22 Dec 2021
Topic Review
Income Inequality and Race/Ethnicity Drive Obesity
Obesity is a major public health problem both globally and within the U.S. It varies by multiple factors, including but not limited to income and sex. After controlling for potential covariates, there is little evidence to determine the association between income and obesity and how obesity may be moderated by sex and family income. We examined the association between income and obesity in U.S. adults aged 20 years and older, and tested whether this relationship differs by race or ethnicity groups. For this analysis, we used data from the 1999–2016 National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys (NHANES). Obesity was determined using Body Mass Index ≥ 30 kg/m2; the Gini coefficient (GC) was calculated to measure income inequality using the Poverty Income Ratio (PIR). We categorized the PIR into five quintiles to examine the relationship between income inequality and obesity. For the first set of analyses, we used a modified Poisson regression in a sample of 36,665 adults, with an almost equal number of men and women (women’s ratio was 50.6%), including 17,303 white non-Hispanics (WNH), 7475 black non-Hispanics (BNHs), and 6281 Mexican Americans. The models included age, racial/ethnic groups, marital status, education, health behaviors (smoking and drinking status and physical activities), health insurance coverage, self-reported health, and household structure (live alone and size of household). Adjusting for potential confounders, our findings showed that the association between PIR and obesity was positive and significant more frequently among WNH and BNH in middle and top PIR quintiles than among lower-PIR quintiles; this association was not significant in Mexican Americans (MAs). Results of GC in obese women showed that in comparison with WNHs (GC: 0.34, S.E.: 0.002), BNHs (GC: 0.38, S.E.: 0.004) and MAs (GC: 0.41, S.E.: 0.006) experienced higher income inequality, and that BNH obese men experienced the highest income inequality (GC: 0.45, S.E.: 0.011). The association between PIR and obesity was significant among WNHs and BNHs men in the 3rd, 4th and 5th PIR quintiles. The same association was not found for women. In treating obesity, policymakers should consider not only race/ethnicity and sex, but also strategies to reduce inequality in income. 
  • 1.0K
  • 28 Oct 2021
Topic Review
Sustainable Agri-Food Supply Chain
The current agri-food supply chain is affected by different problems such as food loss and waste generation along the supply chain, and the circular economy offers a possibility to enhance and optimize the production and consumption to seek to a sustainable paradigm. The circular economy can be a winning approach to intervene and moderate the impacts generated in the agri-food sector, proposing actions and solutions to readmit wastes and by-products in the productive chain. 
  • 1.0K
  • 29 Sep 2021
Topic Review
Fairness-Enabling Practices in Agro-Food Chain
Fairness in the agro-food system is an increasingly important issue. Ensuring fair and ethical practices in the agro-food chain is essential for sustainable, effective, and resilient agro-food systems. Identifying and understanding fairness-enabling practices and existing business applications in the agro-food chain is crucial to create a sustainable system. There are three key types of fairness: distributive, procedural, interactional. These can be achieved applying fairness-enabling practices in agro-food chain relationships.
  • 1.0K
  • 31 May 2022
Topic Review
Precision Farming
Among the innovations in agriculture, precision farming (PF) certainly plays an important role. PF originated in the US in the late 1980s and 1990s, then it spread globally. Conceptualized as “Precision Agriculture” or “Site Specific Management”, it is also described as “Smart Farming” and “Digital Farming” as it is based on the use of smart technologies in agriculture and digital data management.
  • 994
  • 30 May 2023
Topic Review
Vibration Shaker Table
vibration table testing is a type of test equipment widely used in the engineering field to simulate the vibration in a real environment to evaluate the reliability and durability of a product. The following are the most commonly used application areas of vibration shaker table including but not limited to: Automotive industry: Used to test the durability and reliability of automotive components, body structures and complete vehicles. Aerospace industry: Used to test the vibration performance of aerospace components, aircraft engines and aerospace spacecraft. Electronic products industry: Used to test the vibration performance of electronic products, such as mobile phones, tablets and computer hard drives. Construction engineering: Used to test the vibration performance of building materials, structures and equipment to ensure that they meet safety standards.
  • 986
  • 31 Oct 2024
Topic Review
Impact of Health Awareness on Dairy Purchase Behavior
Corona Virus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) has led to a reduction in the overall consumption of dairy products in China. How to restore the consumption potential of dairy products and alleviate the serious impact on the dairy market in the post-epidemic period is an urgent problem that needs to be resolved. Based on the survey data of 1780 consumers in 31 provinces (municipalities and autonomous regions) of China, the Heckman two-stage model was used to empirically test the impact of consumer health awareness on dairy product purchase behavior during the COVID-19 pandemic and to further analyze the differences in factors affecting dairy product purchase behavior with the restriction of consumer health awareness.
  • 980
  • 11 Jan 2022
Topic Review
Enablers and Barriers to Circular Business in Europe
Circular economy goals have made their way towards the very heart of EU policy, promising the delivery of both economic and environmental goals, but key to their achievement is the active involvement and participation of businesses.
  • 973
  • 10 Feb 2022
Topic Review
FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS IN AGRICULTURAL POLICY
Starting from the multiple challenges currently existing at the European level as well as from the general principles of the Common Agricultural Policy (CAP), the following policy brief presents, from a Romanian perspective , different scenarios for the following Multiannual Financial Framework (MFF), with particular attention to direct payments, using appropriate empirical and long-term research methods for the reform of the Cohesion Policy, namely the reform of the CAP. Given the timeliness of the topic, the paper has a strong analytical and pragmatic character, aiming at offering national decision-makers different positioning options in European negotiating formats. This paper aims to improve understanding of performance budgeting and the presentation of options for the future financial framework in the context of current challenges.
  • 951
  • 06 Apr 2021
Topic Review
Consumer Choice for Milk and Dairy in Romania
The debate around milk and dairy consumption has become more important along with the increase of nutritional information, the consumers’ need for ensuring balanced and healthy diets for themselves and their children [3], but also due to the possible environmental impact of animal farms, and even possible health risks determined by this type of products such as allergies or intolerance. Increasingly, how the choices made by consumers affect the development of the planet, meaning sustainable choices, including food products, are getting to be more present in the regular choice patterns.
  • 937
  • 07 Dec 2021
Topic Review
Improving Local Food Systems
A local food system is defined as a supply chain system that distributes food from local producers for consumption by local customers. It is an alternative food network that shortens and more effectively structures the supply chain system. An intermediary actor functioning as an aggregator is needed in the local food system. The food hub is one such intermediary actor with an essential role in strengthening the local food system and increasing the competence of small farmers to compete with large-scale food distribution. The results show that two transformations are needed to achieve a local food system: changing the supply chain system to one that is shorter and more structured and increasing quality consistency.
  • 937
  • 22 Mar 2022
Topic Review
Forest Certification
Forest certification may verify sustainable development practices in primary forest production. However, certification of privately owned forest lands cannot be taken for granted, as it is associated with the demands and challenges of forest management. Despite these challenges, some private owners of forest lands chose to certify their operations. 
  • 932
  • 01 Jun 2022
Topic Review
The Factors Influencing Fruit Consumption in Romania
Sustainable development, including the consumption of sustainable food, is an issue that is receiving increasing attention in research and policy construction. Thus, complex policies are being created to address these issues, targeting economic, social, and environmental factors. 
  • 930
  • 10 Dec 2021
Topic Review
Payment for Ecosystem Services
Payment for ecosystem services (PES) is a market-based policy approach intended to foster land use practices, such as forest conservation or restoration, that protect and improve the social benefits from healthy, functioning ecosystems. While PES programs are used globally, they are an especially prominent environmental policy tool in Latin America, where the vast majority are payment for hydrological services (PHS) programs. PHS programs incentivize the conservation and restoration of ecosystems associated with water production and clean water for clearly defined water users, such as household water users, industries and farmers. As a market mechanism, PHS approaches involve a transactional relationship between upstream water producers and downstream water users who are connected by a shared watershed.
  • 920
  • 22 Nov 2021
Topic Review
Intelligent Transformation of Chinese Manufacturing Enterprises
Manufacturing is a resource-consuming industry, and its green production plays a vital role in improving the environment.The dual guidance of the government and the market can help different types of production companies to carry out green production.This research mainly uses the principle of tax leverage to study how the government sets tax standards to achieve green production in the manufacturing industry.  
  • 911
  • 17 Dec 2021
Topic Review
Climate Change and Adaptation Policies on Pakistan Agriculture
Climate change (CC) is a worldwide environmental issue affecting all economic sectors, especially agriculture. Pakistan is one of the countries most affected by CC due to the country’s vulnerability to catastrophic events and limited ability to adapt. Adaptation has been described as the act of reducing a community’s sensitivity to change. Climate adaptation requires reducing sensitivity to existing and future threats of CC.
  • 903
  • 21 Sep 2023
Topic Review
Similarities and Differences between Precision Agriculture and Digitalisation
The fourth industrial revolution affects all sectors of the economy, including agriculture. This has led to increasing agricultural digitalisation (which is also called agriculture 4.0 or A 4.0) in farms. According to Szalavetz, agricultural digitalisation refers to “the infusion of digital technologies in and the consequent transformation of agricultural pre-production, production, production-related support, and post-production activities.” 
  • 901
  • 16 Nov 2023
Topic Review
Agricultural Produce Supply Chain Network of Capsicum
Vegetables are important for both nutritional and economic stability and contribute significantly to the agricultural landscape of India. The demand for vegetables is rising, driven by population growth and increased awareness of their benefits. 
  • 890
  • 19 Mar 2024
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