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Topic Review
Bio-Based Adhesives for Orthopedic Applications
Bone fracture healing involves complex physiological processes that require biological events that are well coordinated. The process of fracture healing has been upheld through various treatments, including bone implants and bio-adhesive utilization. Bio-adhesion can be interpreted as the process in which synthetic or natural materials adhere to body surfaces. Bio-based adhesives have superiority in many value-added applications because of their biocompatibility, biodegradability, and large molecular weight. The increased variety and utilization of bio-based materials with strong adhesion characteristics provide new possibilities in the field of orthopedics in terms of using bio-based adhesives with excellent resorbability, biocompatibility, ease of use, and low immunoreactivity.
  • 1.1K
  • 31 Oct 2022
Topic Review
Applications of Hydrogels in Osteoarthritis
Osteoarthritis (OA) is a common degenerative joint disease that causes disability if left untreated. The treatment of OA currently requires a proper delivery system that avoids the loss of therapeutic ingredients. Hydrogels are widely used in tissue engineering as a platform for carrying drugs and stem cells, and the anatomical environment of the limited joint cavity is suitable for hydrogel therapy. Hydrogel delivery improves drug retention in the joint cavity, making it possible to deliver some drugs that are not suitable for traditional injection; hydrogels with characteristics similar to those of the extracellular matrix facilitate cell loading, proliferation, and migration; hydrogels can promote bone regeneration, depending on their own biochemical properties or on loaded proregenerative factors. 
  • 1.1K
  • 11 Apr 2022
Topic Review
Biophysical Stimulation in Athletes’ Joint Degeneration
Biophysical stimulation is a non-invasive therapy currently employed in orthopaedics and traumatology practice to enhance the reparative abilities of the musculoskeletal system. Biophysical stimulation refers to the application of physical energy to a biological system to increase and facilitate tissue regeneration and anabolic activity.
  • 1.1K
  • 29 Mar 2022
Topic Review
Pubic Symphysis Diastasis
A pubic symphysis diastasis (PSD, diastasis symphysis pubis) is defined as excessive widening of the system of anatomical structures that make up the pubic symphysis (above the physiological norm of 10 mm), occurring during pregnancy or postpartum. It is total separation or instability of the symphysis without breaking the pubic bones. It is a rare disease with incidences ranging from 1/300 to 1/30,000 .
  • 1.1K
  • 25 Jun 2021
Topic Review
Deep Learning for Orthopedic Disease
A convolutional neural network (CNN) is a deep learning algorithm architecture created based on a 1962 study investigating the visual process of feline brains, and it has been applied in a wide range of areas, from autonomous vehicles to medical diagnoses. Since 2017, many studies applying deep learning-based diagnostics in the field of orthopedics have demonstrated outstanding performance.
  • 1.0K
  • 16 Feb 2022
Topic Review
Skeletal Effects of Naringenin
Various natural compounds can positively influence the skeletal remodelling process, of which naringenin is a candidate. Naringenin is an anti-inflammatory and antioxidant compound found in citrus fruits and grapefruit. 
  • 1.0K
  • 07 Dec 2022
Topic Review
Metabolomics in Bone Research
Identifying the changes in endogenous metabolites in response to intrinsic and extrinsic factors has excellent potential to obtain an understanding of cells, biofluids, tissues, or organisms’ functions and interactions with the environment. The advantages provided by the metabolomics strategy have promoted studies in bone research fields, including an understanding of bone cell behaviors, diagnosis and prognosis of diseases, and the development of treatment methods such as implanted biomaterials.
  • 1.0K
  • 28 Sep 2021
Topic Review
Myotendinous Junction Recovery
The reported myotendinous junction recovery as novel outbreak may have a general significance in the issue of healing. For general significance, the recovery means that the innate problem was essentially resolved by BPC 157 therapy alone. This means the interrelated muscle and tendon healing— including recovery of the muscle–tendon junction injury and the recovery of the muscle and tendon—occurred simultaneously.
  • 1.0K
  • 21 Dec 2022
Topic Review
Mesenchymal Stem Cell-Derived Extracellular Vesicle and Osteoporosis
Osteoporosis, a metabolic skeletal disorder that results from the imbalance between bone formation and bone resorption, generally occurs in postmenopausal women and older people. The process of bone remodeling is participated by mainly osteoclasts and osteoblasts, together with other cells including osteocytes, bone lining cells, monocytes, chondrocytes, hematopoietic stem cells, and mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs).
  • 1.0K
  • 14 Dec 2021
Topic Review
Innate Immunity and Osteoarthritis
The innate immune system is classically triggered by host responses to pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) induced by interactions with invariable pattern-recognition receptors (PRRs) on synovial joint immune cells such as neutrophils, macrophages, monocytes, and dendritic cells (DC). PRRs are comprised of a family of cell surface, endosomal and cytosolic receptors, including Toll-like receptors and NOD-like receptors. Activation of PRRs within tissues such as the joint leads initially to rapid-onset inflammatory responses, followed later by initiation of adaptive immune responses and finally by healing responses in the case of tissue injuries.
  • 1.0K
  • 13 Jan 2022
Topic Review
Imaging of Bone and Joint Infections
Imaging is needed for the diagnosis of bone and joint infections, determining the severity and extent of disease, planning biopsy, and monitoring the response to treatment.
  • 1.0K
  • 28 Dec 2021
Topic Review
Fibular Hemimelia
Fibular hemimelia (FH) is the most common lower-extremity congenital longitudinal deficiency, with occurrence between 1:135,000 and 1:50,000 births. It is associated with a constellation of deformities that fall into five general categories: tibial deformity, genu valgum, knee instability, leg length discrepancy (LLD) and foot and ankle deformities and deficiencies. Both deformities and leg length discrepancy in FH can present with a wide spectrum from mild to severe .
  • 1.0K
  • 21 Jun 2021
Topic Review
Carpal Tunnel Syndrome and Diabetes
Carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS) is the most common compression neuropathy in the general population and is frequently encountered among individuals with type 1 and 2 diabetes. The reason(s) why a peripheral nerve trunk in individuals with diabetes is more susceptible to nerve compression is still not completely clarified, but both biochemical and structural changes in the peripheral nerve are probably implicated. In particular, individuals with neuropathy, irrespective of aetiology, have a higher risk of peripheral nerve compression disorders, as reflected among individuals with diabetic neuropathy. Diagnosis of CTS in individuals with diabetes should be carefully evaluated; detailed case history, thorough clinical examination, and electrophysiological examination is recommended. Individuals with diabetes and CTS benefit from surgery to the same extent as otherwise healthy individuals with CTS.
  • 998
  • 06 Apr 2022
Topic Review
Achilles Tendinopathy Management
Achilles tendinopathy (AT) is a clinical condition characterized by persistent tendon pain and swelling related to mechanical loading of the Achilles tendon. AT, along with plantar fasciitis and stress fractures, are the injuries that most frequently involve the foot, furthermore AT is one of the most common tendinopathies of the lower limb .
  • 976
  • 21 Oct 2021
Topic Review
3D-Assisted Acetabular Fracture Surgery
The techniques currently used in 3D-assisted acetabular fracture surgery are 3D printing and visual surgical planning, 3D printing and pre-contouring of implants, and custom-made patient-specific implants. Three-dimensional-assisted surgery compared to conventional surgery reduces operation time, intraoperative blood loss, intraoperative fluoroscopy usage, and complication rate. Evidence for the improvement of postoperative fracture reduction and physical functioning is limited, because of heterogeneity and varying qualities of the studies.
  • 973
  • 28 Oct 2021
Topic Review
Benign Bone Tumors
Approximately 40% of the skeletal and musculoskeletal proliferative lesions do not determine metastasis and are related to a good survival rate. These groups of proliferative lesions are generally defined as benign bone tumors (BBTs).
  • 973
  • 02 Mar 2022
Topic Review
Prosthesis Designs and Tuberosity Fixation
Reverse total shoulder arthroplasty (RTSA) is increasingly used for the treatment of complex proximal humerus fractures and fracture sequelae. In 2021, half a dozen models of fracture stems are commercially available, reflecting its growing utility for fracture management. Prosthesis designs, bone grafting and tuberosity fixation techniques have evolved to allow better and more reliable fixation of tuberosities and bony ingrowth.
  • 957
  • 12 Oct 2021
Topic Review
Anti-Osteoporotic Treatment after Hip Fracture
The role of anti-osteoporotic treatment as part of the secondary prevention after hip fracture in terms of mortality and re-fracture risk has been studied, and the results are promising. Lower mortality after hip fracture is associated with anti-osteoporotic treatment. 
  • 949
  • 03 Jul 2021
Topic Review
Biomaterials for Orthopaedic Surgery and Traumatology
The principal features essential for the success of an orthopaedic implant are its shape, dimensional accuracy, and adequate mechanical properties. Unlike other manufactured products, chemical stability and toxicity are of increased importance due to the need for biocompatibility over an implants life which could span several years. Thus, the combination of mechanical and biological properties determines the clinical usefulness of biomaterials in orthopaedic and musculoskeletal trauma surgery. Materials commonly used for these applications include stainless steel, cobalt-chromium and titanium alloys, ceramics, polyethylene, and poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) bone cement.
  • 942
  • 09 Sep 2022
Topic Review
Advance in Osteosarcoma Cells and Models
Osteosarcoma (OS) is not a uniform mass of cancer cells, but a complex, organ-like structure with diverse cell types influenced by various environmental factors. An individual with OS is subject to a multitude of complex biological, structural, mechanical, and soluble factors that may affect the effectiveness of potential therapeutics. Tumor-associated cells typically located in the vicinity of cancer cells include fibroblasts, immune cells, and endothelial cells. Structural factors include the architecture of the tumor itself (three-dimensionality), with the spherical nature of cell-to-cell interactions and the presence of extracellular matrix (ECM) key features. In addition, the mechanical forces applied by the surrounding microenvironment are important to tumor dynamics. Soluble factors may include gradients of chemicals, such as nutrients and gases, e.g., glucose and oxygen. Accordingly, the need for a more comprehensive range of OS models that precisely simulate this multifaceted tumor microenvironment is imperative for propelling advancements in drug discovery. 
  • 926
  • 27 Nov 2023
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