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Topic Review
Advancements in Electrospun Anode Materials
Electronic devices commonly use rechargeable Li-ion batteries due to their potency, manufacturing effectiveness, and affordability. Electrospinning technology offers nanofibers with improved mechanical strength, quick ion transport, and ease of production, which makes it an attractive alternative to traditional methods. The electrospinning technique can be used to generate nanofibers for battery separators, the electrodes with the advent of flame-resistant core-shell nanofibers.  The anode is the negative electrode of the electrochemical cell. There are three mechanisms of energy storage for the anode.
  • 674
  • 04 Apr 2023
Topic Review
Room Temperature Gas Sensors Based on 2D MXenes
Owing to their large surface area, two-dimensional (2D) semiconducting nanomaterials have been extensively studied for gas-sensing applications in recent years. In particular, the possibility of operating at room temperature (RT) is desirable for 2D gas sensors because it significantly reduces the power consumption of the sensing device. Furthermore, RT gas sensors are among the first choices for the development of flexible and wearable devices.
  • 654
  • 18 Dec 2023
Topic Review
Fine-Grained YSZ–NiO(Ni) Anode Material
Reduction–oxidation (redox) cycling of a solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) due to leakage of a fuel or standby and shutdown cycling is an issue that has attracted the attention of many research groups for a long time. The researchers mainly note the harmful effects of redox cycling on the microstructure of SOFC constituents and search for ways to mitigate or diminish them.
  • 485
  • 10 Jul 2023
Topic Review Peer Reviewed
From Fundamentals to Industrial Prospects: Ion-Imprinted Polymers for Metal Ion Separation
Ion-imprinted polymers (IIPs) are advanced adsorbents featuring selective recognition cavities for targeted metal ion capture, offering a promising route to high-efficiency separation in extractive metallurgy. In the present work, the evolution, design principles, synthesis strategies, separation mechanisms, and practical applicability of IIPs for metal recovery from complex aqueous matrices are overviewed. Key material components, including functional monomers, crosslinkers, template ions, initiators, solvents, and support materials, are discussed in relation to adsorption capacity, selectivity, kinetics, stability, and recyclability. Major preparation routes, such as surface imprinting, bulk polymerization, in situ polymerization, and sol–gel methods, are critically compared to clarify their advantages and limitations. Recent applications for base metals, precious metals, and rare-earth elements demonstrate that IIPs can achieve high specificity and rapid equilibrium under optimized conditions. However, their translation from simulated solutions to real leachates remains constrained by interfering ions, organic contaminants, mass transfer resistance, incomplete template removal, and matrix complexity. Mitigation strategies, including sample pretreatment, improved polymer architecture, and hybrid supports, are therefore emphasized. Additionally, chemometric modelling, machine learning, or artificial intelligence-assisted design may be implemented to advance the prospects of IIPs in industry. Conclusively, IIPs represent a strong separation platform, yet industrial deployment requires robust validation with real feed streams and scalable regeneration protocols during column operation, as well as under chemically aggressive conditions at scale.
  • 87
  • 06 Aug 2026
Topic Review Peer Reviewed
Towards High-Strength Transparent Glass-Ceramics: Processing, Microstructure, and Applications
Glass-ceramics are inorganic, non-metallic materials obtained by controlled crystallization of glasses through different processing routes; they contain at least one functional crystalline phase together with a residual glass, and the crystallized fraction may range from trace levels to nearly complete crystallization. Transparent glass-ceramics (TGCs) constitute the optically transparent subset of this class and combine a controlled crystalline microstructure with a residual amorphous matrix. Their transparency distinguishes them from conventional opaque glass-ceramics and is achieved by minimizing light scattering through careful control of crystallite size, volume fraction, spatial distribution, and refractive-index mismatch between the crystalline and glassy phases. Unlike conventional sintered ceramics, TGCs retain many of the processing advantages of glass while incorporating crystalline phases that can enhance mechanical, thermal, optical, or functional properties. Depending on their composition and microstructure, TGCs may exhibit improved hardness, fracture toughness, thermal stability, chemical durability, luminescence, nonlinear optical response, or ion-exchange strengthening capability. These features make TGCs attractive for applications requiring both optical clarity and advanced performance, including protective cover glass, transparent armour, precision optical substrates, laser and photonic components, optical sensors, and multifunctional host materials for rare-earth ions and nanoparticles.
  • 30
  • 17 Sep 2026
Topic Review
Aluminum Nitride
Aluminum nitride is a covalently bonded III-V compound that combines high thermal conductivity with high electrical resistivity, and it is attractive where heat must be removed from a component that has to stay electrically insulated. The intrinsic lattice conductivity is high, and measurements on dense material established the baseline values against which later work is judged [1]; turning that into a commercial ceramic required control of the oxygen dissolved in the lattice, because the aluminium vacancies it creates scatter phonons and dominate the thermal resistance of a sintered body [2]. Oxide additions are what allow densification at practical temperatures, and they act by reacting with that dissolved oxygen to form an aluminate phase that removes the impurity from the grains, calcium oxide being the addition whose effect has been quantified most directly [3]. The residual grain-boundary film then sets both the thermal and the mechanical behaviour, so low-temperature routes are tuned to balance conductivity against strength [4]. Shaping by vat photopolymerisation is being developed for integrated packaging [5]. Bonding the ceramic to a metal substrate without introducing a thermal barrier remains the difficult step.
  • 2
  • 23 Sep 2026
Topic Review
Hydrothermal Synthesis
Chemical transformations carried out in water (or a water-rich fluid) above ambient temperature under the autogenous pressure of the closed vessel constitute hydrothermal synthesis. The solvent is superheated water, whose decreased permittivity, altered ion product, and enhanced solubility of inorganic species enable dissolution–reprecipitation and crystallization pathways that are inaccessible in open aqueous solution. Hydrothermal crystallization is the defining industrial and laboratory route to many zeolites, in which aluminosilicate gels reorganize into microporous frameworks [1]. Controlled hydrothermal growth produces ZnO nanorods with a defined diameter regime [2]. Selective control of hydrothermal conditions can also determine whether α- or β-MnO2 single-crystal nanowires form [3]. The concept is a synthetic method specified by the aqueous, high-temperature, closed-system medium, not by a single product class: molecular organic reactions, carbonized polymer dots, and inorganic crystals can all be formed hydrothermally. Solvothermal synthesis is the analogue in nonaqueous solvents. Ambient-pressure aqueous precipitation and dry solid-state calcination lie outside the term.
  • 1
  • 23 Sep 2026
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