Your browser does not fully support modern features. Please upgrade for a smoother experience.
Subject:
All Disciplines Arts & Humanities Biology & Life Sciences Business & Economics Chemistry & Materials Science Computer Science & Mathematics Engineering Environmental & Earth Sciences Medicine & Pharmacology Physical Sciences Public Health & Healthcare Social Sciences
Sort by:
Most Viewed Latest Alphabetical (A-Z) Alphabetical (Z-A)
Filter:
All Topic Review Biography Peer Reviewed Entry Video Entry
Topic Review
Climate Change and Children
Climate change has both a direct and indirect effect on children. Children are more vulnerable to the effects of climate change on humans than adults. The World Health Organization estimated that 88% of the existing global burden of disease is linked to climate change affecting children under 5 years of age. The Lancet review on health and climate change lists children as the worst-affected category by climate change. Children are physically more vulnerable to climate change in all its forms. Climate change affects the physical health of a child and his well-being. Prevailing inequalities, between and within countries, determines how climate change impacts children. Children have no voice or attention in terms of global responses to climate change. People living in low-income countries suffer from a higher burden of disease and are less capable of facing climate change threats.
  • 1.1K
  • 19 Oct 2022
Topic Review
Application of MCDA to Rural Spatial Sustainability Evaluation
The rational allocation of spatial resources is an important factor to ensure the sustainable development of rural areas, and effective pre-emptive spatial evaluation is the prerequisite for identifying the predicament of rural resource allocation. Multi-criteria decision-making analysis has advantages in solving multi-attribute and multi-objective decision-making problems, and has been used in sustainability evaluation research in various disciplines in recent years. 
  • 1.1K
  • 05 Jul 2022
Topic Review
Protection Forest of Pagaibamba (Peru)
The protection of natural areas is considered an essential strategy for environment conservation. Researchers was to determine the level of vulnerability, considering the characterization and identification of the risk zones and ecological protection of the Pagaibamba Protection Forest (PPF, Peru). To determine the vulnerable areas, Landsat ETM satellite images, topographic, geological, ecological, and vegetation cover maps were used. Geological, physiographic, edaphological, vegetation cover, and land use potential characteristics, were analyzed. Three Ecological Protection and Risk Zones were identified, with the largest extension of the PPF corresponding to lands of very high and high vulnerability and high ecological risk, which include >85% of Protected Natural Areas (PNA) and 54% of the Buffer Zone (BZ). Moderate risk areas represent 30% of the Buffer Zone (BZ) and 13% of the PNA, and the low-risk areas (represent 15% of the BZ and 2% of the PNA). 
  • 1.1K
  • 06 Mar 2023
Topic Review
Stream Ecological Integrity
Streams and rivers provide important services to humans, and therefore, their ecological integrity should be a societal goal. Although ecological integrity encompasses structural and functional integrity, stream bioassessment rarely considers ecosystem functioning. Organic matter decomposition and ecosystem metabolism are prime candidate indicators of stream functional integrity.
  • 1.1K
  • 11 Jan 2021
Topic Review
Fertilizer-Cum-Pesticide Effect of the Toxic Weed Lantana
Lantana (L. camara), which is acknowledged as one among the 100 most invasive and colonizing of the world’s weeds, has become a major threat to agriculture and forest ecosystems. It has the ability to grow in widely varying environmental conditions, often forming large, impenetrable, thickets. This entry is to compare fertilizer-cum-pesticide effect of vermicomposts derived from cowdung and the toxic weed lantana. It has shown that vermicomposting transforms lantana into an organic fertilizer which is as benign and potent as vermicomposts  based on cowdung and other manures are.
  • 1.1K
  • 27 Jan 2022
Topic Review
Fukushima Accident: Perspectives on a Severe Accident Consequences
Scientific issues that draw international attention from the public and experts during the last 10 years after the Fukushima accident are discussed. An assessment of current severe accident analysis methodology, impact on the views of nuclear reactor safety, dispute on the safety of fishery products, discharge of radioactive water to the ocean, status of decommissioning, and needs for long-term monitoring of the environment are discussed.
  • 1.1K
  • 27 Oct 2021
Topic Review
Odors Abatement
Traditionally, odor abatement has been carried out using physical–chemical technologies such as chemical absorption (scrubbing) and adsorption. However, biological technologies for odor treatment such as biofilters or biotrickling filters have become more relevant in the last years for many reasons, such as their high odor removal performances and the low operational costs associated.
  • 1.1K
  • 27 May 2022
Topic Review
Energy Transitions Commission
The Energy Transition Commission (ETC) is an international think tank, focusing on economic growth and climate change mitigation. It was created in September 2015 and is based in London. The commission currently contains 32 commissioners from a selection of individuals and company and government leaders.
  • 1.1K
  • 29 Nov 2022
Topic Review
Protected Areas in Lebanon
Protected areas (PA) play a significant role in the conservation of the world’s habitats and the protection of biodiversity that have become highly threatened by devastating anthropocentric practices. In addition, protected areas, especially biosphere reserves (BR), are considered effective instruments for both nature conservation and rural development. However, their impact on rural communities constitutes the most controversial debate in conservation policy and practice.
  • 1.1K
  • 01 Dec 2021
Topic Review
Regulation Promoting the New Circular Economy
Over the past few decades, the production and consumption of clothing has increased exponentially, leading to a dramatic increase in the negative environmental consequences produced by the fashion industry. Given the rising pace of global warming and the rising concern about the fashion industry’s contribution to the climate crisis and its exploitative social dimensions, decision makers, politicians and government officials have begun to promote sustainable fashion through public policy. This article reviews the main barriers facing a circular economy in general and the fashion industry in particular. It considers nascent regulations emerging throughout the world in the field of sustainable fashion, applying circular economic principles to the fashion industry.
  • 1.1K
  • 06 Jan 2022
Topic Review
Bioburden in Indoor Environments
The exposure to particles and bioaerosols has been associated with the increase in health e ects in children. The objective of this study was to assess the indoor exposure to bioburden in the indoor microenvironments more frequented by children. Air particulate matter (PM) and settled dust were sampled in 33 dwellings and four schools with a medium volume sampler and with a passive method using electrostatic dust collectors (EDC), respectively. Settled dust collected by EDC was analyzed by culture-based methods (including azole resistance profile) and using qPCR.Results showed that the PM2.5 and PM10 concentrations in classrooms were higher than in homes and highly exceeded the limit values established by the Portuguese legislation for indoor air quality. The fungal species most commonly found in bedrooms was Penicillium sp. (91.79%), whereas, in living rooms, it was Rhizopus sp. (37.95%). Aspergillus sections with toxigenic potential were found in bedrooms and living rooms and were able to grow on VOR. 
  • 1.1K
  • 24 Sep 2020
Topic Review
Allelopathic Potential of Lemna minor L.
Allelopathy is an interaction that releases allelochemicals (chemicals that act allelopathically) from plants into the environment that can limit or stimulate the development, reproduction, and survival of target organisms and alter the environment. Lemna minor L. contains chemicals that are allelopathic, such as phenolic acids. Chemical compounds contained in L. minor may have a significant impact on the development and the rate of multiplication and lead to stronger competition, which may enhance the allelopathic potential. Allelopathic potential may exist between L. minor and C. glomerata (L) Kütz. because they occupy a similar space in the aquatic ecosystem, have a similar preference for the amount of light, and compete for similar habitat resources. L. minor and C. glomerata can form dense populations on the water surface. Allelopathy can be seen as a wish to dominate one of the plants in the aquatic ecosystem. By creating a place for the development of extensive mats, an interspecific interaction is created and one of the species achieves competitive success. It is most effective as a result of the release of chemicals by macrophytes into the aquatic environment. Therefore, allelopathy plays a significant role in the formation, stabilization, and dynamics of the structure of plant communities.
  • 1.1K
  • 28 Jun 2022
Topic Review
Microwave/Ultrasound Based Sludge Treatment Methods
The amount of waste activated sludge (WAS) is increasing annually, and since it presents potential environmental and health-related risks, an appropriate treatment and stabilization process is needed. It has been shown in numerous studies in the past few decades that amongst the advanced treatment methods of sludge, microwave and ultrasound-based processes offer promising and effective alternatives. The main advantage of these physical methods is that they are energy-efficient, easy to implement and can be combined with other types of treatment procedures without major difficulties.
  • 1.1K
  • 06 Aug 2021
Topic Review
Severity Indicator of Pesticide Poisoning
Pesticides are considered highly hazardous when presenting high acute toxicity according to internationally accepted classification systems such as the WHO Recommended Classification of Pesticides by Hazard. In addition, pesticides that cause severe or irreversible harm to health “… under conditions of use in a country” may be considered as highly hazardous.
  • 1.1K
  • 17 Aug 2021
Topic Review
Shrubification along Pipeline Corridors in Permafrost Regions
Pipeline corridors have been rapidly increasing in length and density because of the ever growing demand for crude oil and natural gas resources in hydrocarbon-rich permafrost regions. Pipeline engineering activities have significant implications for the permafrost environment in cold regions. Along these pipeline corridors, the shrubification in the right-of-way (ROW) has been extensively observed during vegetation recovery. 
  • 1.1K
  • 27 Jul 2022
Topic Review
Aerobic Bioreactor Systems Treating Agro-Industrial Wastewaters
The thriving agro-industry sector accounts for an essential part of the global gross domestic product, as the need for food and feed production is rising. However, the industrial processing of agricultural products requires the use of water at all stages, which consequently leads to the production of vast amounts of effluents with diverse characteristics, which contain a significantly elevated organic content. This fact reinforces the need for action to control and minimize the environmental impact of the produced wastewater, and activated sludge systems constitute a highly reliable solution for its treatment.
  • 1.1K
  • 14 Oct 2022
Topic Review
Sustainable Waste Management Innovations
The problem of e-waste persists given the absence of sustainable waste management innovations and policies.  We advocate for the engineering of policies that create conditions for doing more with less resources, eliminating waste, and recycling as crucial steps in creating sustainable waste management innovations.
  • 1.1K
  • 30 Jun 2021
Topic Review
Surface-Water Quality Monitoring
The monitoring of surface-water quality followed by water-quality modeling and analysis are essential for generating effective strategies in surface-water-resource management. However, worldwide, particularly in developing countries, water-quality studies are limited due to the lack of a complete and reliable dataset of surface-water-quality variables.
  • 1.1K
  • 06 Jul 2021
Topic Review
Composting of Coffee By-Products
Coffee is a worldwide used product and of the most valued commodities in trade, being one of the most important agricultural exports in Costa Rica.
  • 1.1K
  • 28 Feb 2022
Topic Review
Insecure Land Tenure on Housing Development in Africa
Legal access to land, the protection of the population from anarchic eviction, and informal community-based rights may positively influence the development of sustainable urban housing.
  • 1.1K
  • 16 Nov 2023
  • Page
  • of
  • 51
Featured Entry Collections
>>

Featured Reprints

>>
Encyclopedia of Digital Society, Industry 5.0 and Smart City
Encyclopedia of Engineering
Encyclopedia of Social Sciences
Encyclopedia of Medieval Royal Iconography
Academic Video Service
Feedback