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Topic Review
Ankyloglossia as a Barrier to Breastfeeding
Ankyloglossia, commonly referred to as tongue-tie, brings about functional difficulties and, in some cases, may lead to early weaning. It is crucial to use breastfeeding as the exclusive food source for the first six months of an infant’s life, and the interference of the tongue contributes substantially to success in this regard. Even though there are many publications about ankyloglossia, there are still many controversies about its definition, diagnosis, classification, and treatment decision determined via frenotomy.
  • 743
  • 01 Mar 2024
Topic Review
Attitudes toward Female Genital Mutilation/Circumcision
Understanding the attitudes toward FGM/C held by people who have been involved in this practice can lead to more active interventions to prevent this harmful practice.  Circumcised women can play a key role in encouraging the abandonment of FGM/C through educational and cultural campaigns. 
  • 742
  • 23 Sep 2021
Topic Review
Training provided to Paramedics in Low-Acuity Clinical Conditions
Ambulance services around the world are increasingly attending to calls for non-emergency conditions. These lower-acuity conditions do not always require patients to be transported to the emergency department. Consequently, over the past two decades, ambulance services have implemented strategies to support paramedics in diverting non-urgent patients to alternative care pathways. However, assessing and managing low-acuity conditions can be challenging for paramedics, especially when education and training has traditionally focused on emergency care.
  • 742
  • 22 Mar 2024
Topic Review
Family-Centred Care for Children with Biopsychosocial Support Needs
Family-centred care is associated with improved health and well-being of the child, improved parental reports of satisfaction of care, greater efficiency of health care resources, increased access to care, better family-provider communication and better transition services. Descriptions and principles of family-centred care are well established but there are very few specific definitions and a systematic review by Kuhlthau et al. noted the need to more clearly define and operationalise family-centred care.
  • 741
  • 23 Dec 2021
Topic Review
Dentists’ Competence and Knowledge on Domestic Violence
Domestic violence (DV) is an important public health topic with a high prevalence in society. Dentists are also frontline responders to DV, as they not only treat victims of DV with dental injuries, but they can also screen for the presence of DV because they see patients for regular check-ups. Although dentists, as members of the health care sector, are important frontline responders to DV, they are neither trained adequately nor do most feel competent enough to ask victims about DV or support them as needed, as DV is often not taught at dentistry schools at all. DV education should be mandatory at dentistry schools and in further training for dentists with a focus on communication with victims, how DV can be identified and how to support victims well. 
  • 741
  • 11 Apr 2022
Topic Review
Gastrointestinal Ultrasound in Emergency Setting
Acute bowel diseases are responsible for more than one third of subjects who were referred to the emergency department for acute abdominal pain and gastrointestinal evaluation. Gastrointestinal ultrasound (GIUS) is often employed as the first imaging method, with a good diagnostic accuracy in the setting of acute abdomen, and it can be an optimal diagnostic strategy in young females due to the radiation exposure related to X-ray and computed tomography methods. The physician can examine the gastrointestinal system in the area with the greatest tenderness by ultrasound, thus obtaining more information and data on the pathology than the standard physical examination.
  • 740
  • 31 Jan 2023
Topic Review
Falsified Medicines Directive in European Union
The Falsified Medicines Directive (FMD) and the Delegated Regulation (DR) impact the pharmaceutical supply chain. The European Union published the Falsified Medicines Directive, introducing a safety feature on the packages of drugs, ensuring the verification of a drug’s authenticity before supplying it to the patient. The details of implementing a Europe-wide system for authentication of medicines is included in the Delegated Regulation, published in February 2016. The deadline for DR implementation was 9 February 2019, with the authentication systems required to be operational and running before this deadline. The FMD impacts the entire pharmaceutical supply chain.
  • 739
  • 24 Mar 2022
Topic Review
Urological Manifestations of Systemic Vasculitides
Vasculitides are specific inflammations of the blood vessel wall that can take place in any organ system of the human body. They may occur as a primary process (primary systemic vasculitides, PSV) or may be secondary to another underlying disease.
  • 738
  • 20 Dec 2021
Topic Review
Oral Supplementation for the Improvement of Fatigue Symptoms
Fatigue, characterised by lack of energy, mental exhaustion and poor muscle endurance which do not recover following a period of rest, is a common characteristic symptom of several conditions and negatively impacts the quality of life of those affected. Fatigue is often a symptom of concern for people suffering from conditions such as fibromyalgia, chronic fatigue syndrome, cancer, and multiple sclerosis. Vitamins and minerals, playing essential roles in a variety of basic metabolic pathways that support fundamental cellular functions, may be important in mitigating physical and mental fatigue. 
  • 738
  • 09 May 2023
Topic Review
Robotic Gastrectomy in Korea
In the last decade, the Korean Laparoendoscopic Gastrointestinal Surgery Study group performed important clinical trials and exerted various efforts to enhance the quality of scientific knowledge and surgical techniques in the field of gastric cancer surgery. Laparoscopic gastrectomy has shifted to a new era in Korea due to recent advances and innovations in technology. 
  • 736
  • 30 Nov 2021
Topic Review
COVID-19 and Migrant/Refugee Health
Against a background where the world has witnessed the largest numbers of migrants in history, the advent of the COVID-19 pandemic has stretched the capacities of countries and of aid, health and relief organizations, from global to local levels, to meet the human rights and pressing needs of migrants and refugees for access to health care and to public health measures needed to protect them from the pandemic. 
  • 735
  • 14 Dec 2021
Topic Review
Heart Rate Variability
Heart Rate Variability (HRV) describes the variation in the time interval between successive heartbeats. It is generally considered to be the result of an interaction between the heart and the brain, which is also called neuro-cardiac function. HRV is controlled by the autonomic nervous system (ANS), including the parasympathetic nervous system (PNS) and sympathetic nervous system (SNS).
  • 735
  • 04 Aug 2023
Topic Review
Augmented Reality in Neurosurgery
Augmented reality (AR) involves the overlay of computer-generated images onto the user’s real-world visual field to modify or enhance the user’s visual experience. With respect to neurosurgery, AR integrates preoperative and intraoperative imaging data to create an enriched surgical experience that has been shown to improve surgical planning, refine neuronavigation, and reduce operation time. In addition, AR has the potential to serve as a valuable training tool for neurosurgeons in a way that minimizes patient risk while facilitating comprehensive training opportunities.
  • 733
  • 09 Oct 2023
Topic Review
Nutritional Importance of Lentils
The legume family includes approximately 19,300 species across three large subfamilies, of which Papilionoideae stands out with 13,800 species. Lentils were one of the first crops to be domesticated by humans. They are diploid legumes that belong to the Papilionoidea subfamily and are of agricultural importance because of their resistance to drought and the fact that they grow in soil with a pH range of 5.5–9; therefore, they are cultivated in various types of soil, and so they have an important role in sustainable food and feed systems in many countries. In addition to their agricultural importance, lentils are a rich source of protein, carbohydrates, fiber, vitamins, and minerals. They are key to human nutrition since they are an alternative to animal proteins, decreasing meat consumption. 
  • 733
  • 18 Jan 2024
Topic Review
Detection of SARS-CoV-2 through Wastewater
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) was detected in Wuhan, China. The clinical manifestation of COVID-19 varies from asymptomatic to severe infection.
  • 732
  • 07 Dec 2021
Topic Review
Regulation Mechanism of ssDNA Aptamer in Nanozymes
Food safety issues are a worldwide concern. Pathogens, toxins, pesticides, veterinary drugs, heavy metals, and illegal additives are frequently reported to contaminate food and pose a serious threat to human health. Conventional detection methods have difficulties fulfilling the requirements for food development in a modern society. Therefore, novel rapid detection methods are urgently needed for on-site and rapid screening of massive food samples. Due to the extraordinary properties of nanozymes and aptamers, biosensors composed of both of them provide considerable advantages in analytical performances, including sensitivity, specificity, repeatability, and accuracy. They are considered a promising complementary detection method on top of conventional ones for the rapid and accurate detection of food contaminants.
  • 731
  • 11 Mar 2022
Topic Review
Sleep and Nutrition Interactions
Sleep disturbances and short sleep duration are behavioural risk factors for inflammation, associated with increased risk of illness and disease, which can be modified to promote sleep health. For sleep to have a restorative effect on the body, it must be of adequate duration and quality; particularly for athletes whose physical and mental recovery needs may be greater due to the high physiological and psychological demands placed on them during training and competition. Sleep has been shown to have a restorative effect on the immune system, the endocrine system, facilitate the recovery of the nervous system and metabolic cost of the waking state and has an integral role in learning, memory and synaptic plasticity, all of which can impact both athletic recovery and performance.
  • 730
  • 23 Aug 2022
Topic Review
Endometriosis Application for a Quicker Diagnosis
Endometriosis is a disease in which uterine tissue grows outside the uterus. It can cause chronic pain and infertility in patients. Mobile health (mHealth), the practice of medicine from mobile devices, is being utilized across the healthcare field for screening, diagnostics, and treatment. MHealth is widely used in the field of OB/GYN. 
  • 730
  • 11 Oct 2023
Topic Review
Remotely-Based Pulmonary Rehabilitation
Despite numerous benefits, traditional Pulmonary Rehabilitation (PR) as a resource remains underutilized in chronic lung disease. Less than 3% of eligible candidates for PR attend one or more sessions after hospitalization due to many barriers, including the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic. Emerging alternative models of PR delivery such as home-based PR, tele-rehabilitation, web-based PR, or hybrid models could help address these barriers. Numerous studies have tested the feasibility, safety, and efficacy of these methods, but there is wide variability across studies and methods. We conducted a literature review to help determine if these alternative delivery methods watered down the effectiveness of PR. 
  • 726
  • 13 Dec 2021
Topic Review
Management of Cervical Cancer in Sub-Saharan Africa
Cervical cancer (CC) is the most common viral infection of the reproductive tract and in Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA), its morbidity and mortality rates are high. High HPV vaccine coverage can be achieved using the class school-based strategy with opt-out consent form process. Barriers to CC screening uptake included lack of knowledge and awareness and unavailability of screening services. The reasons for late-stage presentation at diagnosis were unavailability of screening services, delaying whilst using complementary and alternative medicines and poor referral systems. The challenges in chemotherapy included unavailability and affordability, low survival rates, treatment interruption due to stock-outs as well as late presentation. Major challenges on radiotherapy were unavailability of radiotherapy, treatment interruption due to financial constraints, and machine breakdown and low quality of life.
  • 725
  • 05 Aug 2022
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