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Topic Review
Transporting Blood Using Unmanned Aerial Vehicles
Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) play crucial roles in numerous applications, such as healthcare services. For example, UAVs can help in disaster relief and rescue missions, such as by delivering blood samples and medical supplies.
  • 957
  • 21 Nov 2022
Topic Review
Graph Neural Networks for Parkinson’s Disease
Graph neural networks (GNNs) have been increasingly employed in the field of Parkinson’s disease (PD) research. The use of GNNs provides a promising approach to address the complex relationship between various clinical and non-clinical factors that contribute to the progression of PD. 
  • 957
  • 13 Nov 2023
Topic Review
Human Action Recognition Methods
In the field of artificial intelligence, human action recognition is an important part of research in this area, making human interaction with the external environment possible. While human communication can be conveyed with words, facial expressions, written text, etc., the relationship between computers and sensors to understand human intentions and behaviour is now a popular area of research. As a result, more and more researchers are devoting their time and experience to the study of human action recognition.
  • 954
  • 28 Jul 2023
Topic Review
Infant Cry Signal Diagnostic System
Early diagnosis of medical conditions in infants is crucial for ensuring timely and effective treatment. However, infants are unable to verbalize their symptoms, making it difficult for healthcare professionals to accurately diagnose their conditions. Crying is often the only way for infants to communicate their needs and discomfort. The different combination of the fused features is then fed into multiple machine learning algorithms including random forest (RF), support vector machine (SVM), and deep neural network (DNN) models. The evaluation of the system using the accuracy, precision, recall, F1-score, confusion matrix, and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve, showed promising results for the early diagnosis of medical conditions in infants based on the crying signals only, where the system achieved the highest accuracy of 97.50% using the combination of the spectrogram, harmonic ratio (HR), and Gammatone frequency cepstral coefficients (GFCCs) through the deep learning process. 
  • 951
  • 10 Jul 2023
Topic Review
Detection-Based Vision-Language Understanding
Given a query language, a Detection-based Vision-Language Understanding (DVLU) system needs to respond based on the detected regions (i.e.,bounding boxes). With the significant advancement in object detection, DVLU has witnessed great improvements in recent years, such as Visual Question Answering (VQA) and Visual Grounding (VG).
  • 949
  • 09 Sep 2022
Topic Review
Pattern Tracking Problem
A pattern is a collection of objects that are similar to each other, arranged in a way that is in contradiction of their natural arrangement. It can also be defined as the opposite of chaos, an entity, loosely defined, which one can assign a specific name. For pattern tracking, tracked objects are usually called patterns. Objects can be defined as something of interest for future analysis. For example, in images, tracking boats at sea, vehicles on the road, aircraft in the air, and people walking on the street can be considered monitoring for a certain purpose and thus tracking.
  • 948
  • 11 Jul 2023
Topic Review
IDS Using Feature Extraction with ML in IoT
With the continuous increase in Internet of Things (IoT) device usage, more interest has been shown in internet security, specifically focusing on protecting these vulnerable devices from malicious traffic. Such threats are difficult to distinguish, so an advanced intrusion detection system (IDS) is becoming necessary. Machine learning (ML) is one of the promising techniques as a smart IDS in different areas, including IoT. However, the input to ML models should be extracted from the IoT environment by feature extraction models, which play a significant role in the detection rate and accuracy.
  • 948
  • 22 Nov 2023
Topic Review
Recommendation Systems for e-Shopping
The interest in recommendation systems (RSs) has dramatically increased, as they have become main components of all online stores. The aims of an RS can be multifaceted, related not only to the increase in sales or the convenience of the customer, but may include the promotion of alternative environmentally friendly products or to strengthen policies and campaigns. In addition to accurate suggestions, important aspects of contemporary RSs are therefore to align with the particular marketing goals of the e-shop and with the stances of the targeted audience, ensuring user acceptance, satisfaction, high impact, and achieving sustained usage by customers.
  • 948
  • 21 Dec 2023
Topic Review
A Lightweight Object Detection Network with Attention Modules
Object detection methods based on deep learning typically require devices with ample computing capabilities, which limits their deployment in restricted environments such as those with embedded devices.
  • 947
  • 22 Nov 2023
Topic Review
Artificial Pancreas Control Strategies for Type 1 Diabetes
This entry presents a comprehensive survey about the fundamental components of the artificial pancreas (AP) system including insulin administration and delivery, glucose measurement (GM), and control strategies/algorithms used for type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) treatment and control. 
  • 944
  • 17 Dec 2021
Topic Review
Artificial Intelligence-Based Support in Cardiology
Artificial Intelligence (AI)-based algorithms, in particular, Deep Neural Networks (DNNs), have recently revolutionized image creation. Precise segmentation of lesions may contribute to an efficient diagnostics process and a more effective selection of targeted therapy. For example, an AI-based algorithm for the segmentation of pigmented skin lesions has been developed, which enables diagnosis in the earlier stages of the disease, without invasive medical procedures. With flexibility and scalability, AI can be also considered an efficient tool for cancer diagnosis, particularly in the early stages of the disease.
  • 943
  • 27 Mar 2024
Topic Review
Knowledge Distillation for ADHD
Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is a brain disorder with characteristics such as lack of concentration, excessive fidgeting, outbursts of emotions, lack of patience, difficulty in organizing tasks, increased forgetfulness, and interrupting conversation, and it is affecting millions of people worldwide. 
  • 942
  • 14 Sep 2021
Topic Review
Mental Fatigue Detection Using Physiological Signals
Fatigue is a state characterized by both physical and mental exhaustion, resulting from prolonged activity, inadequate rest, or excessive cognitive demands. Physiological signals offer a valuable insight into the body’s internal state. Monitoring and interpreting these signals provide real-time information about an individual’s physical and mental condition, enabling early fatigue detection. 
  • 942
  • 10 Nov 2023
Topic Review
SAA-UNet
The disaster of the COVID-19 pandemic has claimed numerous lives and wreaked havoc on the entire world due to its transmissible nature. One of the complications of COVID-19 is pneumonia. Different radiography methods, particularly computed tomography (CT), have shown outstanding performance in effectively diagnosing pneumonia.
  • 937
  • 05 Jun 2023
Topic Review
Artificial Intelligence and Sustainability
Artificial intelligence has undergone transformative advancements, reshaping diverse sectors such as healthcare, transport, agriculture, energy, and the media. Despite the enthusiasm surrounding AI’s potential, concerns persist about its potential negative impacts, including substantial energy consumption and ethical challenges. This Systematic Mapping Study (SMS) study accomplishes a comprehensive analysis of "AI Sustainability," integrating both the sustainability of AI and AI for sustainability across environmental, social, and economic dimensions. The field exhibits a dynamic landscape, maturing significantly since 2019 with a surge in publications and diverse contributions. The study reveals a balanced perspective, emphasizing both sustainability perspectives equally. Recent papers indicate a trend towards holistic studies, yet the economic dimension remains relatively underexplored. Future research is encouraged to delve into the economic dimension, align with the United Nations’ Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), and address stakeholder influence, ensuring a sustainable and inclusive AI future.
  • 937
  • 05 Mar 2024
Topic Review
AI and XAI for Visual Quality Assurance
Quality assurance (QA) plays a crucial role in manufacturing to ensure that products meet their specifications. However, manual QA processes are costly and time-consuming, thereby making artificial intelligence (AI) an attractive solution for automation and expert support. In particular, convolutional neural networks (CNNs) have gained a lot of interest in visual inspection. Next to AI methods, the explainable artificial intelligence (XAI) systems, which achieve transparency and interpretability by providing insights into the decision-making process of the AI, are interesting methods for achieveing quality inspections in manufacturing processes.
  • 936
  • 02 Feb 2024
Topic Review
Machine Learning for Breast Cancer Classification
Breast cancer is a prevalent disease that affects mostly women, and early diagnosis will expedite the treatment of this ailment. Recently, machine learning (ML) techniques have been employed in biomedical and informatics to help fight breast cancer. Extracting information from data to support the clinical diagnosis of breast cancer is a tedious and time-consuming task. The use of machine learning and feature extraction techniques has significantly changed the whole process of a breast cancer diagnosis.
  • 934
  • 08 Jul 2022
Topic Review
Arabic Text Clustering
Arabic text clustering is an essential topic in Arabic Natural Language Processing (ANLP). Its significance resides in various applications, such as document indexing, categorization, user review analysis, and others. 
  • 934
  • 20 Nov 2023
Topic Review
Applications in Computational Pathology
Deep learning techniques, such as convolutional neural networks (CNNs), generative adversarial networks (GANs), and graph neural networks (GNNs) have, over the past decade, changed the accuracy of prediction in many diverse fields. In recent years, the application of deep learning techniques in computer vision tasks in pathology has demonstrated extraordinary potential in assisting clinicians, automating diagnoses, and reducing costs for patients.
  • 932
  • 19 Apr 2022
Topic Review
Child Handwritten Arabic Character Recognition
Handwritten Arabic character recognition has received increasing research interest. However, as of yet, the majority of the existing handwriting recognition systems have only focused on adult handwriting. In contrast, there have not been many studies conducted on child handwriting, nor has it been regarded as a major research issue yet. Compared to adults’ handwriting, children’s handwriting is more challenging since it often has lower quality, higher variation, and larger distortions.
  • 932
  • 22 Aug 2023
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