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Topic Review
Effect of Non-Parking Facilities in Parking-Only Buildings
The designation parking-only building (POB) was first introduced in the Parking Lot Act on 14 December 1991. According to the law, POBs can be used for purposes other than parking facilities, that is, non-parking facilities (NPFs), up to 70% of the total floor area. In addition, the POB is an infrastructure in accordance with the National Land Planning and Utilization Act. 
  • 744
  • 28 Apr 2022
Topic Review
Roles of Stakeholders in Energy Living Lab
The living lab concept in energy transition research is still relatively new, but it has piqued the interest of policymakers, researchers, and practitioners. While Følstad claims that the living lab concept originated in the 2000′s with private firms conducting real-life testing and experimentation for information and communication technologies, Leminen et al. contend that the concept first appeared in 1749. The living lab concept is identified as having the potential to provide a platform to test technologies and support energy transition. 
  • 730
  • 17 Nov 2022
Topic Review
Discovery District
The Discovery District is one of the commercial districts in Downtown Toronto, Ontario, Canada. It has a high concentration of hospitals and research institutions, particularly those related to biotechnology. The district is roughly bounded by Bloor Street on the north, Bay Street on the east, Dundas Street on the south, and Spadina Avenue on the west.
  • 701
  • 14 Oct 2022
Topic Review
Pay for Renewable Energy Alternatives Willingness in Thailand
There is a diversity of socio-economic status among residents in Bangkok in the use of electricity for their living and small businesses with different tariffs. Households in Bangkok have a positive attitude toward and are willing to pay for renewable energy (RE), including solar cells, wind, and hydropower, except for biomass, as they are not sure of its level of eco-friendliness. They all have a unique opinion that providing a good quality of power is under the responsibility of the Government, as it is for the welfare and the right to have a quality power service, so they do not need to pay more for a better one. 
  • 636
  • 22 Dec 2023
Topic Review
Urban Computing Framework for Smart and Sustainable Neighborhoods
Urban computing is the incorporation of computing, sensors, and actuation technology into urban life. In Saudi Arabia, the neighborhoods lack an integrated approach to social, economic, and environmental values, thereby creating consequences, such as inefficient mobility, poor environmental protection, low quality of life, and inadequate services or facilities. Saudi Arabia was used as a case study to develop an urban computing framework for smart sustainable neighborhood. 
  • 622
  • 21 Mar 2024
Topic Review
Association between Community Garden and Health
The term “community garden” generally refers to land where local community members manage and cultivate plants or flowers. A similar, but different, spatial form is the allotment, which refers to spaces within a large garden that individuals or families formally lease from organizations, such as companies and associations, for cultivation purposes. Community gardens emphasize their public nature, communal management, and sharing-oriented approaches. Community gardens exhibit a wide range of forms, reflecting the contextual characteristics of their locations. Urban community gardens often exist as alternative public spaces within cities, providing environmental, social, economic, and health benefits.
  • 600
  • 11 Sep 2023
Topic Review
Deciphering Autonomous Vehicle Regulations with Machine Learning
Economic and safety incentives are the primary motivators for autonomous vehicle (AV) deployments. The society of automotive engineers (SAE) categorized vehicles that can always operate without a human driver as level 5 automation.
  • 593
  • 22 Feb 2024
Topic Review
Sustainable Smart City
Cities, as dynamic living centers and hubs of production and consumption, play an essential role in the global economy, are major contributors to the world’s GDP, and serve as arenas for political and social changes. Effectively managed cities can benefit residents by generating economies of scale through shared amenities, fostering health and well-being. Cities not only leverage industries’ creativity and help firms to innovate, but also serve as cultural incubators that determine livability and attract, retain, and nurture the segment of the creative labor force needed to succeed in the new economy. Sustainable Smart Cities have a significant potential to ensure equal access to public services, achieve sustainability and governance transparency, improve livability, and anticipate and mitigate increasingly changing threats. 
  • 569
  • 14 Nov 2023
Topic Review
Comparative Research of Internal and Border Regions
The differentiation in the development of regions remains a major challenge for the working out-of-state industrial and regional policies aimed at balanced and sustainable development. In theory, regional differences between internal and border regions can be explained by differences in natural resources, and economic and industrial potential, as well as by the existence of external boundaries. Border regions have higher risks in ensuring the geo-political sustainability of an industry. External boundaries, as well as differences in industry dynamics between regions, cycle stages, and industry trends, are often overlooked in industrial policy making, which in itself can be a factor of volatility.
  • 558
  • 26 Dec 2023
Topic Review
Heat Equity Planning and Green Infrastructure
As the global temperature and rapid urbanization continue to rise, urban heat islands (UHIs) also continue to increase across the world. Following the heat equity concept, UHIs disproportionately impact disadvantaged or overburdened communities. Green infrastructure (GI) has been at the forefront of UHI mitigation efforts, including nature-based solutions like parks, pervious open spaces, wooded areas, green roofs, rain gardens, and shade trees.
  • 523
  • 02 Jan 2024
Topic Review
Advanced Air Mobility Adoption Globally by Machine Learning
Advanced air mobility (AAM) is a sustainable aviation initiative to deliver cargo and passengers in urban and regional locations by electrified drones. The widespread expectation is that AAM adoption worldwide will help to reduce pollution, reduce transport costs, increase accessibility, and enable a more reliable and resilient supply chain.
  • 449
  • 29 Dec 2023
Topic Review Peer Reviewed
Heritage-Based Urban Development
The purpose of this entry is to introduce the concept of Heritage-based Urban Development and explain its evolution and implications for historic urban landscapes. The term Historic Urban Landscape (HUL) refers to an integrated understanding of historic cities that goes beyond individual monuments or architectural ensembles to encompass the broader spatial, cultural, and functional relationships within the urban fabric. It reflects a shift toward viewing historic areas as dynamic systems with a role in sustainable development. Heritage-based urban development refers to development approaches that take urban heritage—typically within historic urban landscapes—as the starting point, valuing these landscapes in all their specificities, processes, and cultural meanings as resources to be embraced rather than obstacles to be overcome.
  • 446
  • 03 Jul 2025
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