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Topic Review
Enhanced Math Efficacy and Performance of Minority Students
Teacher support plays a crucial role in enhancing students’ mathematical performance as previous research has consistently shown. Given that students’ math performance in the United States has historically lagged that of other nations, it is imperative to investigate the teacher’s role in math education. Furthermore, it is essential to examine the impact of teacher support on academically at-risk students.
  • 504
  • 05 Dec 2023
Topic Review
Graded Online Discussion Forums in Higher Education
Online discussion forums, where students can asynchronously interact with fellow students, their instructors, and the course content, provide a space for students to learn from each other, improve their communication skills, and allow opportunities for student–student, student–instructor, and student–content interaction.
  • 501
  • 09 Oct 2023
Topic Review
Visual Cueing and Eye-Tracking Technology in Education
Visual cueing has been widely utilized in the practice of online learning. Visual cues like bold text, colors, arrows, or underlining are used to highlight important information in online materials. Online multimedia resources like video may use visual cues like blinking, highlighting, or zooming in on important details. Eye-tracking data can provide valuable insights into learners’ visual behaviors, revealing what they are looking at, how long they focus on specific elements, and the sequences of their gazes’ movements across different representations. 
  • 497
  • 25 Dec 2023
Topic Review
Predictors of Secondary Education Completion across Portuguese Municipalities
Portuguese educational policies have contributed to boosting secondary school attainment and thus preventing early school leaving from education and training. A more nuanced understanding of this change requires research efforts aiming at uncovering the territorial patterns of secondary school achievement and its predictors.
  • 495
  • 21 Sep 2023
Topic Review
Keeping All Students Safe Act
The Keeping All Students Safe Act or KASSA refers to a pair of American legislative proposals introduced in the United States House of Representatives on April 6, 2011 as H.R. 1381 and in the Senate on December 16, 2011 as S.2020 . The bills are designed to protect children from the abuse of restraint and seclusion in school. The first Congressional bill was introduced in the United States House of Representatives on December 9, 2007 and named the Preventing Harmful Restraint and Seclusion in Schools Act. The primary sponsors of the two bills are Senator Tom Harkin (D-IA), Chair of the Senate Health, Education, Labor, and Pensions Committee, Congressman George Miller (D-CA), Ranking Member of the House Education and Workforce Committee, and Congressman Gregg Harper (R-MS).
  • 492
  • 26 Oct 2022
Topic Review
Preservice Teachers’ Online Self-Regulated Learning
Teaching in today’s schools asks teachers to foster self-regulated learning and digital competences in children and young people. In order to do so, teachers first need to acquire and use these competences themselves. 
  • 491
  • 27 May 2022
Biography
Hiep-Hung Pham
Hiep-Hung Pham is a Hanoi-based senior research fellow and consultant in education. He earned his PhD in International Business Administration from Chinese Culture University, Taiwan ROC, in 2018. He is currently Director of Institute for Research on Education and Knowledge Transfer (REK Institute), Thanh Do University. Additionally, he is the Founder and Head Coach of Research Coach in Social S
  • 486
  • 15 Apr 2025
Topic Review
Mathematics Reading Ability and Value-Added Mathematics Achievements
Value-added assessments have become a reasonable and accepted assessment method for education and teaching. Mathematics reading ability is an important ability in mathematics learning which provides a prerequisite for solving mathematical problems. 
  • 485
  • 20 Nov 2023
Topic Review
Emergency Remote Teaching in Higher Education
The COVID-19 crisis has considerably changed the educational landscape and resulted in a scientific debate on the efficacy and prospects of online education. Ongoing research is focused on analyzing the psychological and instructional difficulties faced by both educators and learners during emergency remote teaching (ERT).
  • 459
  • 06 Jul 2023
Topic Review
Serious Games and Co-Creation
In the gaming industry, serious games as a tool to share educational content and provide learning experiences have gained popularity in recent years by leveraging the power of games for purposes beyond pure entertainment. Unlike other services, products, or solutions that usually serve a single purpose, a serious game is tasked with not only being fun and engaging but also raising awareness and educating the player.
  • 455
  • 22 Sep 2023
Topic Review
SDGs Integration within the Spanish Physical Education Curriculum
Education is a universal right, enshrined in the 1948 Universal Declaration of Human Rights in Article 26.1 and also included in the Spanish Constitution of 1978 in Article 27. Because of this, Spanish educational policy has undergone changes over the years, highlighting a great expansion of the educational system, promotion of social equality, decentralization of the educational system, and the configuration of a new school model.
  • 445
  • 09 Jan 2024
Topic Review
Academic Help-Seeking and Outsourced Support in Higher Education
The growth in online higher education has seen the ‘unbundling’ of some services as universities have partnered with private companies in an effort to enhance their services. 
  • 434
  • 18 Dec 2023
Topic Review Peer Reviewed
Exploring Innovation of Internationalisation Effectiveness in the Higher Education Sector: A Systematic Review
The government, business, and higher education sectors benefit from internationalisation. This viewpoint is articulated considering the improved academic quality and international recognition derived from faculty/student exchange programs and research partnerships, which elevate academic standards and the institution’s profile internationally. This systematic review is intended to (i) highlight the prevalence of current publications and other research-related activities that are steered towards the innovation of internationalisation in Higher Education Sector (HES), (ii) analyse and organise data on the impact of internationalisation effectiveness in the HES, and (iii) conclude with future characteristics of internationalisation effectiveness with suggestions to government, decision-makers, and institutions to achieve sustainable education sector. A search strategy was initiated through various research databases within the years 2005–2024. Of the 3865 identified papers from the database search, 3558 were excluded, and 307 were selected, of which 32 publications were utilised in the review process. The study identified several themes: transformation, factors, global nationality, international mobility, impact, curriculum and strategic framework. The study highlights the need to decolonise the HES for internationalisation effectiveness. This study also highlights future empirical research on the innovative effects of internationalisation for economic development.
  • 428
  • 11 Jun 2025
Topic Review
Hsian-Tsao in Response to Heat-Induced Skin Damage
Hsian-tsao, a safe, heat-resistant ingredient that can be eaten and applied, and its extract products were examined for their potential applicability as a countermeasure for problems that may arise in the skin due to global warming. This includes being flexible and responsive to changes in consumer demand due to global warming.
  • 424
  • 17 Nov 2023
Topic Review
System Dynamics-Based Interactive Learning Environment for Formative (Self-)Assessment
An online system dynamics-based interactive learning environment (ILE) can be designed to assess the trainees' capabilities, in accordance with the formative assessment paradigm. Through a simulated business environment, trainees have the opportunity to virtually manage their own company (system) while taking on various roles that mirror real-life scenarios related to the phenomenon analyzed by the ILE. The ILE has a feature that allows the assessment of such capabilities by measuring key indicators that determine the feasibility, effectiveness, and efficiency of their decision-making when running a firm within a specific operational context. From this standpoint, implementing a practical approach that enables trainees to confidently evaluate their capabilities in a protected environment (simulations) would produce the following different benefits for them: a) Personalized Learning: Interactive learning environments can adapt to suit trainees' individual learning styles, making the learning experience more personalized and effective; b) Interactive Learning Experience: Interactive learning environments offer learners the opportunity to engage actively in the learning process, facilitating better retention of knowledge; c) Real-time Feedback: Interactive learning environments provide learners with instant feedback, which helps them to identify gaps in their knowledge and improve immediately; d) Collaborative Learning: Interactive learning environments encourage learners to work collaboratively, which has proven benefits for memory retention and enhanced peer learning.
  • 413
  • 11 Jan 2024
Topic Review
Creating a Coaching Culture in Schools
Coaching has emerged as a significant development intervention in schools across such countries as Australia, the United Kingdom and the USA and is used to help develop principals, teachers, and students while also supporting school improvement and development. Many school leaders are committed to providing coaching to teachers and have endeavoured to promote a culture of coaching in their schools, but many obstacles have emerged.
  • 396
  • 22 Feb 2024
Topic Review Peer Reviewed
Inclusive Music Education in the Digital Age: The Role of Technology and Edugames in Supporting Students with Special Educational Needs
Inclusive music education refers to the use of musical experiences and practices as tools for promoting participation, equity, and meaningful engagement among all learners, including those with Special Educational Needs (SEN). Music education has long been recognized not only for its value in emotional expression and cultural transmission but also for its cognitive and relational benefits. This entry examines the inclusive and transformative potential of music, highlighting how it can foster equitable, accessible, and culturally relevant learning environments. Drawing from pedagogy, neuroscience, and educational technology, the entry explores how music contributes to cognitive, emotional, and social development, with a focus on learners with SEN. It emphasizes the importance of early exposure to music, the strong connections between music and language acquisition, and the need to challenge persistent misconceptions about innate musical talent. The findings demonstrate that when supported by digital tools and educational games, music education becomes a powerful driver of inclusion, enhancing participation, relational dynamics, and cognitive engagement. The entry concludes by advocating for a reimagining of music not as a secondary subject, but as a foundational component of holistic and inclusive education, capable of building more empathetic, connected, and equitable societies.
  • 383
  • 16 Jul 2025
Topic Review
The Chicago Child-Parent program: Effective?
Early Childhood Education (ECE) interventions target young socioeconomically disadvantaged children and aim at improving their educational and life chances by offering compensational stimulation activities in education institutions and sometimes also at home. Three renowned programs are Perry Preschool, Abecedarian, and the Chicago Child-Parent Center (CPC). Though they date from at least 40 years ago, nowadays they are still often cited as proof that ECE programs are highly effective and that their effects can be generalized to similar current programs. This entry focuses on CPC, and makes comparisons with Perry and Abecedarian. The main questions are whether this program generates positive effects, and if it does, whether they can be generalized to similar programs today. To find an answer, a literature study was conducted. On the basis of hundreds of publications, it was concluded that CPC yielded many positive effects in the domains of education, work, well-being, health, and crime. At the same time, several limitations were found, which restricts their generalization.
  • 320
  • 01 Mar 2025
Topic Review Peer Reviewed
Artificial Intelligence in Higher Education: A State-of-the-Art Overview of Pedagogical Integrity, Artificial Intelligence Literacy, and Policy Integration
Artificial Intelligence (AI), particularly Generative AI (GenAI) and Large Language Models (LLMs), is rapidly reshaping higher education by transforming teaching, learning, assessment, research, and institutional management. This entry provides a state-of-the-art, comprehensive, evidence-based synthesis of established AI applications and their implications within the higher education landscape, emphasizing mature knowledge aimed at educators, researchers, and policymakers. AI technologies now support personalized learning pathways, enhance instructional efficiency, and improve academic productivity by facilitating tasks such as automated grading, adaptive feedback, and academic writing assistance. The widespread adoption of AI tools among students and faculty members has created a critical need for AI literacy—encompassing not only technical proficiency but also critical evaluation, ethical awareness, and metacognitive engagement with AI-generated content. Key opportunities include the deployment of adaptive tutoring and real-time feedback mechanisms that tailor instruction to individual learning trajectories; automated content generation, grading assistance, and administrative workflow optimization that reduce faculty workload; and AI-driven analytics that inform curriculum design and early intervention to improve student outcomes. At the same time, AI poses challenges related to academic integrity (e.g., plagiarism and misuse of generative content), algorithmic bias and data privacy, digital divides that exacerbate inequities, and risks of “cognitive debt” whereby over-reliance on AI tools may degrade working memory, creativity, and executive function. The lack of standardized AI policies and fragmented institutional governance highlight the urgent necessity for transparent frameworks that balance technological adoption with academic values. Anchored in several foundational pillars (such as a brief description of AI higher education, AI literacy, AI tools for educators and teaching staff, ethical use of AI, and institutional integration of AI in higher education), this entry emphasizes that AI is neither a panacea nor an intrinsic threat but a “technology of selection” whose impact depends on the deliberate choices of educators, institutions, and learners. When embraced with ethical discernment and educational accountability, AI holds the potential to foster a more inclusive, efficient, and democratic future for higher education; however, its success depends on purposeful integration, balancing innovation with academic values such as integrity, creativity, and inclusivity.
  • 320
  • 31 Oct 2025
Topic Review Peer Reviewed
Evolutionary Mismatches Inherent in Elementary Education: Identifying the Implications for Modern Schooling Practices
For the majority of human history, humans lived in sustenance hunter–gatherer tribes. Due to rapid cultural evolution in the past few thousand years, our biological evolution has not kept up, and many of the adaptations are, as a result, better suited to ancestral conditions than they are to modern conditions. This is known as evolutionary mismatch. While evolutionary mismatches can be seen across many facets of contemporary human life (e.g., diet, exercise, online communication), evolutionary mismatches are particularly pervasive in our elementary schools. Due to the critical nature of social learning and cultural transmission, there is a long history of learning that has shaped the evolved learning mechanisms of children. Rather than learning from hands-on, collaborative experiences as was typical for our ancestors, children today often learn in age-segregated classrooms through passive instruction and standardized curricula. In this entry, eight common school-related issues are identified and the associated evolutionary mismatch is outlined. The goal is to provide educators with a model of how an evolutionary lens can be used to better understand, and potentially improve, modern schooling systems.
  • 310
  • 25 Jul 2025
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