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Topic Review
PV based EV Charging Modelling
Electric vehicles (EVs) are one of a prominent solution for the sustainability issues needing dire attention like global warming, depleting fossil fuel reserves, and greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. Conversely, EVs are shown to emit higher emissions (measured from source to tailpipe) for the fossil fuel-based countries, which necessitates renewable energy sources (RES) for maximizing EV benefits. EVs can also act as a storage system, to mitigate the challenges associated with RES and to provide the grid with ancillary services, such as voltage regulation, frequency regulation, spinning reserve, etc. For extracting maximum benefits from EVs and minimizing the associated impact on the distribution network, modelling optimal integration of EVs in the network is required.
  • 1.6K
  • 02 Nov 2023
Topic Review
Overview of Distributed Generation Sources in Microgrids
In response to increasing environmental concerns, advances in renewable energy technology and reduced costs have caused a significant increase in the penetration of distributed generation resources in distribution networks. Nonetheless, the connection of distributed generation resources to distribution networks has created new challenges in the control, operation, and management of network reliability. From the Electric Power Research Institute (EPRI) point of view, the term distributed generation can be used to refer to “small-scale energy production to meet local needs that has a production capacity in the range of 100 kW to 10 MW”.
  • 1.6K
  • 13 Sep 2022
Topic Review
Automotive Light Detection and Ranging Sensors
In the future, autonomous vehicles with full self-driving features will populate the public roads. However, fully autonomous cars will require robust perception systems to safely navigate the environment, which includes cameras, RADAR devices, and Light Detection and Ranging (LiDAR) sensors. LiDAR is a key sensor for the future of autonomous driving since it can read the vehicle’s vicinity and provide a real-time 3D visualization of the surroundings through a point cloud representation. These features can assist the autonomous vehicle in several tasks, such as object identification and obstacle avoidance, accurate speed and distance measurements, road navigation, and more. However, it is crucial to detect the ground plane and road limits to safely navigate the environment, which requires extracting information from the point cloud to accurately detect common road boundaries. 
  • 1.6K
  • 13 Jan 2023
Topic Review
AI Methods for Intelligent Sensing
Smart sensors complement and enhance the capabilities of human beings and have been widely embraced in numerous application areas. Artificial intelligence (AI) has made astounding growth in domains of natural language processing, machine learning (ML), and computer vision. The methods based on AI enable a computer to learn and monitor activities by sensing the source of information in a real-time environment. The combination of these two technologies provides a promising solution in intelligent sensing. 
  • 1.6K
  • 10 Jun 2022
Topic Review
Time-Sensitive Networking Standards and Applications for Intelligent Driving
The time-sensitive networking (TSN) family of standards is a tool set that offers reliability, determinism and time synchronization for safety-critical automotive communications over Ethernet links. The TSN standards leverage the previous work conducted within the IEEE 802.1 Working Group on IEEE audio video bridging (AVB). TSN is a set of specifications standardized by the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) 802.1 work group (WG), the predecessor of which is audio video bridging (AVB).
  • 1.6K
  • 27 Jul 2023
Topic Review
Optimization Approaches and Techniques for Automotive Alternators
Optimization and improvement of the electrical system are applied to cope with the increased demand for electrical power in the vehicular system; they must be carried out in many ways to ensure that the vehicles are provided with the necessary electricity for their performance work electrical equipment.
  • 1.6K
  • 28 Jun 2022
Topic Review
Lead-Acid/Lithium-Ion Hybrid Battery Energy Storage System
The huge success of electric vehicles across the world is challenged by a lack of infrastructure and a major increase in battery material prices. This challenge positions internal combustion engine vehicles (ICEVs) to remain a vehicle of choice. The majority of these vehicles use a lead-acid battery (LAB) for starting, lighting, and ignition (SLI) functions.
  • 1.6K
  • 29 Jul 2022
Topic Review
Field Measurement Studies on Indoor Air Quality
The Indoor Air Quality (IAQ) is one of the key factors that influence the quality of the indoor environment, as well as the human health.
  • 1.6K
  • 16 Feb 2022
Topic Review
LoRaWAN Technology
Low-power wide-area network (LPWAN) technologies play a pivotal role in IoT applications, owing to their capability to meet the key IoT requirements (e.g., long range, low cost, small data volumes, massive device number, and low energy consumption). Between all obtainable LPWAN technologies, long-range wide-area network (LoRaWAN) technology has attracted much interest from both industry and academia due to networking autonomous architecture and an open standard specification. 
  • 1.6K
  • 21 Jan 2022
Topic Review
Electric Vehicle Batteries
In electric and hybrid vehicles Life Cycle Assessments (LCAs), batteries play a central role and are in the spotlight of scientific community and public opinion. Automotive batteries constitute, together with the powertrain, the main differences between electric vehicles and internal combustion engine vehicles. For this reason, many decision makers and researchers wondered whether energy and environmental impacts from batteries production, can exceed the benefits generated during the vehicle’s use phase. In this framework, the purpose of the present literature review is to understand how large and variable the main impacts are due to automotive batteries’ life cycle, with particular attention to climate change impacts, and to support researchers with some methodological suggestions in the field of automotive batteries’ LCA. The results show that there is high variability in environmental impact assessment; CO2eq emissions per kWh of battery capacity range from 50 to 313 g CO2eq/kWh. Nevertheless, either using the lower or upper bounds of this range, electric vehicles result less carbon-intensive in their life cycle than corresponding diesel or petrol vehicles.
  • 1.6K
  • 27 Oct 2020
Topic Review
CDSSs in cardiac surgery diagnosis
The advances achieved in recent decades regarding cardiac surgery have led to a new risk that goes beyond surgeons’ dexterity; postoperative hours are crucial for cardiac surgery patients and are usually spent in intensive care units (ICUs), where the patients need to be continuously monitored to adjust their treatment. Clinical decision support systems (CDSSs) have been developed to take this real-time information and provide clinical suggestions to physicians in order to reduce medical errors and to improve patient recovery. 
  • 1.6K
  • 01 Apr 2021
Topic Review
Circularly Polarized Hybrid DR Antennas
It has been a feasible approach to build an antenna, in view of the potential advantages they offer. One of the recent trends in dielectric resonator antenna research is the use of compound and hybrid structures. Several considerable investigations have been already underway showing quite interesting and significant features in bandwidth, gain, and generation of circular polarization. 
  • 1.6K
  • 28 Jun 2021
Topic Review
Wireless Sensor Network in Environment Monitoring
The Internet of Things (IoT) technology and its applications are turning real-world things into smart objects, integrating everything under a common infrastructure to manage performance through a software application and offering upgrades with integrated web servers in a timely manner. Quality of life, the green economy, and pollution management in society require comprehensive environmental monitoring systems with easy-to-use features and maintenance.
  • 1.6K
  • 11 Aug 2022
Topic Review
Temperature-to-Digital Converters
Temperature-to-Digital Converters (TDCs) are on-chip sensors that generate temperature-dependent digital codes.
  • 1.6K
  • 25 Nov 2022
Topic Review
Electric Vehicle Thermal Management Requirements
The burgeoning electric vehicle industry has become a crucial player in tackling environmental pollution and addressing oil scarcity. As these vehicles continue to advance, effective thermal management systems are essential to ensure battery safety, optimize energy utilization, and prolong vehicle lifespan.
  • 1.6K
  • 29 Jun 2023
Topic Review
Domestic Refrigerators in Smart Grids
Domestic refrigeration and freezing appliances can be used for electrical load shifting from peak to off-peak demand periods, thus allowing greater penetration of renewable energy sources (RES) and significantly contributing to the reduction of CO2 emissions. The full realization of this potential can be achieved with the synergistic combination of smart grid (SG) technologies and the application of phase-change materials (PCMs). Being permanently online, these ubiquitous appliances are available for the most advanced strategies of demand-side load management (DSLM), including real-time demand response (DR) and direct load control (DLC).
  • 1.6K
  • 27 Oct 2022
Topic Review
Theoretical Concepts Underlying LSTM and BiLSTM Networks
Precise anticipation of electrical demand holds crucial importance for the optimal operation of power systems and the effective management of energy markets within the domain of energy planning. The primary aim of bidirectional Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) network is to enhance predictive performance by capturing intricate temporal patterns and interdependencies within time series data.
  • 1.5K
  • 15 Dec 2023
Topic Review
Monitoring the Aging Condition of Paper Insulation
Chemical compounds dissolved in insulating oil, as indicators can excellently monitor the paper aging condition, which has attracted increasing interest in areas of transformer condition monitoring and fault diagnosis. Because of their outstanding features, such as good correlation with the degree of polymerization of cellulose paper and the aid of non-destructive online monitoring, chemical indicators have been effectively used for transformer condition assessment.
  • 1.5K
  • 13 Feb 2023
Topic Review
LPWAN
LPWAN stands for Low Power Wide Area Network;  LPWAN provides long-distance communication for rural and urban areas to support IIoT devices considered by a ten-year provision time to acclimate IIoT applications with higher extensibility, availability of intelligent monitoring infrastructure for a small portion of data exchanges. LoRa is favorable to use with smart sensing applications working IIoT non-authored spectrum. NBIoT is suitable for supporting agriculture and environmental data collection and observations, industrial data tracking and monitoring, inventory tracking, smart billing, and smart buildings, smart metering, and smart cities. Machine-to-machine (M2M) communication uses the Bluetooth Low Energy (BLE) technique for the data communication, the other IIoT applications used in healthcare, smart agriculture, intelligent home, smart vehicles, smart city, smart gadgets, and industries use the cognitive LPWAN, LoRA, Sigfox.  There is a need to mix most LPWAN technologies in heterogeneous IIoT applications to provide more efficient and convenient intelligent services. In heterogeneous IIoT applications, there a need to mix most LPWAN technologies to provide more efficient and convenient intelligent services. This will be deployed by cognitive LPWAN 
  • 1.5K
  • 20 Jan 2021
Topic Review
Drone-Based Package Delivery Logistics Systems
Autonomous Drone Delivery (ADD) modes are expected to become an important pillar of the future logistics industry for small parcel delivery at the last mile, as well as meal delivery service for fast food (e.g., pizza, etc.) and restaurants.
  • 1.5K
  • 19 Apr 2022
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