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Topic Review
Optimization Approaches and Techniques for Automotive Alternators
Optimization and improvement of the electrical system are applied to cope with the increased demand for electrical power in the vehicular system; they must be carried out in many ways to ensure that the vehicles are provided with the necessary electricity for their performance work electrical equipment.
  • 1.6K
  • 28 Jun 2022
Topic Review
CDSSs in cardiac surgery diagnosis
The advances achieved in recent decades regarding cardiac surgery have led to a new risk that goes beyond surgeons’ dexterity; postoperative hours are crucial for cardiac surgery patients and are usually spent in intensive care units (ICUs), where the patients need to be continuously monitored to adjust their treatment. Clinical decision support systems (CDSSs) have been developed to take this real-time information and provide clinical suggestions to physicians in order to reduce medical errors and to improve patient recovery. 
  • 1.6K
  • 01 Apr 2021
Topic Review
LoRaWAN Technology
Low-power wide-area network (LPWAN) technologies play a pivotal role in IoT applications, owing to their capability to meet the key IoT requirements (e.g., long range, low cost, small data volumes, massive device number, and low energy consumption). Between all obtainable LPWAN technologies, long-range wide-area network (LoRaWAN) technology has attracted much interest from both industry and academia due to networking autonomous architecture and an open standard specification. 
  • 1.6K
  • 21 Jan 2022
Topic Review
Sensor Calibration
A sensor is a detection device that can convert measured data into electrical signals output according to certain rules in order to meet the requirements of information transmission, processing, storage, display, recording, and control. The performance indicators of sensors usually include sensitivity, resolution, linearity, repeatability, stability, accuracy, and so on. The process of experimentally determining, under predetermined measurement conditions, the correspondence between a sensor’s input and output is known as calibration. The sensor has to be recalibrated if any of its indicators have changed as a result of the external environment or if it has been some time since the last calibration. 
  • 1.5K
  • 28 Aug 2023
Topic Review
Lead-Acid/Lithium-Ion Hybrid Battery Energy Storage System
The huge success of electric vehicles across the world is challenged by a lack of infrastructure and a major increase in battery material prices. This challenge positions internal combustion engine vehicles (ICEVs) to remain a vehicle of choice. The majority of these vehicles use a lead-acid battery (LAB) for starting, lighting, and ignition (SLI) functions.
  • 1.5K
  • 29 Jul 2022
Topic Review
Wireless Sensor Network in Environment Monitoring
The Internet of Things (IoT) technology and its applications are turning real-world things into smart objects, integrating everything under a common infrastructure to manage performance through a software application and offering upgrades with integrated web servers in a timely manner. Quality of life, the green economy, and pollution management in society require comprehensive environmental monitoring systems with easy-to-use features and maintenance.
  • 1.5K
  • 11 Aug 2022
Topic Review
Automotive Light Detection and Ranging Sensors
In the future, autonomous vehicles with full self-driving features will populate the public roads. However, fully autonomous cars will require robust perception systems to safely navigate the environment, which includes cameras, RADAR devices, and Light Detection and Ranging (LiDAR) sensors. LiDAR is a key sensor for the future of autonomous driving since it can read the vehicle’s vicinity and provide a real-time 3D visualization of the surroundings through a point cloud representation. These features can assist the autonomous vehicle in several tasks, such as object identification and obstacle avoidance, accurate speed and distance measurements, road navigation, and more. However, it is crucial to detect the ground plane and road limits to safely navigate the environment, which requires extracting information from the point cloud to accurately detect common road boundaries. 
  • 1.5K
  • 13 Jan 2023
Topic Review
Simulators in Educational Robotics
Simulators are part of educational robotics, which easily and quickly enable the user to engage virtually with the development and programming of robots through GUIs. Using a simulator means that it is not necessary to deal exclusively with real robots that might have a significant cost. Hence, simulators are a useful tool that might save resources and assist the educational process.
  • 1.5K
  • 18 Mar 2021
Topic Review
Circularly Polarized Hybrid DR Antennas
It has been a feasible approach to build an antenna, in view of the potential advantages they offer. One of the recent trends in dielectric resonator antenna research is the use of compound and hybrid structures. Several considerable investigations have been already underway showing quite interesting and significant features in bandwidth, gain, and generation of circular polarization. 
  • 1.5K
  • 28 Jun 2021
Topic Review
AI Methods for Intelligent Sensing
Smart sensors complement and enhance the capabilities of human beings and have been widely embraced in numerous application areas. Artificial intelligence (AI) has made astounding growth in domains of natural language processing, machine learning (ML), and computer vision. The methods based on AI enable a computer to learn and monitor activities by sensing the source of information in a real-time environment. The combination of these two technologies provides a promising solution in intelligent sensing. 
  • 1.5K
  • 10 Jun 2022
Topic Review
Testing in Microgrids
This entry covers testing in Microgrids. The most common strategies are described and some papers are critizied. Testing in Microgrids can be done in a variety of ways, among others digital simulation, co-simulation, Real-Time simulation (RTS) Hardware-In-the-Loop (HIL), Controller-Hardware-In-the-Loop (CHIL), Power-Hardware-In-the-Loop (PHIL) and emulators. To choose the desired strategy, the trade-off has to be made between the cost, test fidelity and test coverage. The entry is based on section in "Testing Smart Grid Scenarios with Small Volume Testbed and Flexible Power Inverter" by Milosz Krysik et al.  
  • 1.5K
  • 12 Jan 2022
Topic Review
Temperature-to-Digital Converters
Temperature-to-Digital Converters (TDCs) are on-chip sensors that generate temperature-dependent digital codes.
  • 1.5K
  • 25 Nov 2022
Topic Review
Drone-Based Package Delivery Logistics Systems
Autonomous Drone Delivery (ADD) modes are expected to become an important pillar of the future logistics industry for small parcel delivery at the last mile, as well as meal delivery service for fast food (e.g., pizza, etc.) and restaurants.
  • 1.5K
  • 19 Apr 2022
Topic Review
Domestic Refrigerators in Smart Grids
Domestic refrigeration and freezing appliances can be used for electrical load shifting from peak to off-peak demand periods, thus allowing greater penetration of renewable energy sources (RES) and significantly contributing to the reduction of CO2 emissions. The full realization of this potential can be achieved with the synergistic combination of smart grid (SG) technologies and the application of phase-change materials (PCMs). Being permanently online, these ubiquitous appliances are available for the most advanced strategies of demand-side load management (DSLM), including real-time demand response (DR) and direct load control (DLC).
  • 1.5K
  • 27 Oct 2022
Topic Review
Time-Sensitive Networking Standards and Applications for Intelligent Driving
The time-sensitive networking (TSN) family of standards is a tool set that offers reliability, determinism and time synchronization for safety-critical automotive communications over Ethernet links. The TSN standards leverage the previous work conducted within the IEEE 802.1 Working Group on IEEE audio video bridging (AVB). TSN is a set of specifications standardized by the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) 802.1 work group (WG), the predecessor of which is audio video bridging (AVB).
  • 1.5K
  • 27 Jul 2023
Topic Review
Photovoltaic Systems (PVSs)
In a grid-connected photovoltaic system (PVS) synchronization and islanding detection techniques have to operate in coordination. Abnormal conditions can arise on the utility grid which require a prompt response from the PVS, hence the information provided by the synchronization system are fundamental for the grid voltage monitoring. The islanding detection techniques are based also on the information provided by the synchronization techniques and some islanding detection techniques require additional synchronization systems. Besides, after an islanding event, the PVS reconnection procedure has to be managed with two synchronization systems. For all these reasons synchronization and islanding detection issues have been analyzed together. 
  • 1.5K
  • 13 Jul 2020
Topic Review
LPWAN
LPWAN stands for Low Power Wide Area Network;  LPWAN provides long-distance communication for rural and urban areas to support IIoT devices considered by a ten-year provision time to acclimate IIoT applications with higher extensibility, availability of intelligent monitoring infrastructure for a small portion of data exchanges. LoRa is favorable to use with smart sensing applications working IIoT non-authored spectrum. NBIoT is suitable for supporting agriculture and environmental data collection and observations, industrial data tracking and monitoring, inventory tracking, smart billing, and smart buildings, smart metering, and smart cities. Machine-to-machine (M2M) communication uses the Bluetooth Low Energy (BLE) technique for the data communication, the other IIoT applications used in healthcare, smart agriculture, intelligent home, smart vehicles, smart city, smart gadgets, and industries use the cognitive LPWAN, LoRA, Sigfox.  There is a need to mix most LPWAN technologies in heterogeneous IIoT applications to provide more efficient and convenient intelligent services. In heterogeneous IIoT applications, there a need to mix most LPWAN technologies to provide more efficient and convenient intelligent services. This will be deployed by cognitive LPWAN 
  • 1.5K
  • 20 Jan 2021
Topic Review
Energy Scenario and New Energy Policies in Pakistan
Smart grid plays a vital role in energy management systems. It helps to mitigate the demand side management of electricity by managing the microgrid. Pakistan being an energy deficient country has introduced some new policies such as Energy Wheeling Policy (EWP), Energy Import Policy (EIP), and Net Metering/Distributed Generation Policy (NMP) to manage the electricity demand effectively. In addition, the Energy Efficiency and Conservation Act (EECA) has also been introduced.
  • 1.5K
  • 12 Oct 2022
Biography
Ali T. Alouani
The University of Tennessee Knoxville, USA Ph.D. Degree in Electrical & Computer Engineering. (Dec, 1986) Thesis title: Implementation of Nonlinear Centralized Estimators in a Distributed Fashion. Research Areas: Autonomous Systems, Sensor Data Fusion, Medical Diagnosis Support Systems, EV Battery Safety, Smart Grid Monitoring Ecole Nationale d’Ingénieurs de Tunis, Tunisia, Ingénieur Prin
  • 1.5K
  • 11 Nov 2022
Topic Review
Sensor and Actuator Fault Diagnosis
Sensors and actuators are key components in the robot system, but their working environment is very complex, with electromagnetic interference, vibration, etc., which will affect the output of the sensors and then the actuators. Moreover, the variable load on manipulators is also a challenge for system state feedback or estimation. All of the above factors make the faults diagnosis of robot system sensors and actuators an urgent task. The DCNN is used to deal with sensor and actuator faults of robot joints, such as gain error, offset error, and malfunction for both sensors and actuators, and different fault types are diagnosed using the trained neural network.
  • 1.5K
  • 29 Jun 2021
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