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Topic Review
Applications of Blockchain Technology in Modern Power Systems
In the context of modern power system development to support the evolution towards green energy and carbon-neutral emission goals, many existing problems and even challenges demand new technical solutions. Decentralized blockchain technology has been employed to address some problems in power systems, and many papers have been published. The objective here is to present how blockchain technology can be applied in modern power systems and provide researchers with a summary of progress in this area. 
  • 1.2K
  • 06 Jul 2022
Topic Review
Topologies for CMOS CP Circuits
CP design topologies have been analyzed with different design and process schemes in the last decades . 
  • 1.2K
  • 08 Apr 2021
Topic Review
Printed Humidity Sensors
Printing technologies have been attracting increasing interest in the manufacture of electronic devices and sensors. They offer a unique set of advantages such as additive material deposition and low to no material waste, digitally-controlled design and printing, elimination of multiple steps for device manufacturing, wide material compatibility and large scale production to name but a few.
  • 1.2K
  • 24 Feb 2021
Topic Review
Electric Vehicle Battery Supply Chain
Electric vehicles (EVs) have been garnering wide attention over conventional fossil fuel-based vehicles due to the serious concerns of environmental pollution and crude oil depletion.
  • 1.2K
  • 30 Jun 2023
Topic Review
Integrated Optical Biosensors
A biosensor is an analytical device that is composed of a bioreceptor, a transducer, and a signal processor for detecting biological substances and monitoring biological interactions.
  • 1.2K
  • 20 Apr 2021
Topic Review
Laser-Induced Graphene Based Flexible Electronic Devices
Since it was reported in 2014, laser-induced graphene (LIG) has received growing attention for its fast speed, non-mask, and low-cost customizable preparation, and has shown its potential in the fields of wearable electronics and biological sensors that require high flexibility and versatility. The achievements of LIG based devices for detecting diverse bio-signal, serving as monitoring human motions, energy storage, and heaters are highlighted here, referring to the advantages of LIG in flexible designability, excellent electrical conductivity, and diverse choice of substrates.
  • 1.2K
  • 09 Feb 2022
Topic Review
Viewing Angle Switchable Liquid Crystal Devices
For pure liquid crystals (LCs) system, methods for switchable viewing angle devices are divided into hybrid aligned nematic (HAN) LC cells, double cells, pixel division and three-electrode structure. Utilizing 3M light-control film and PDLC film together to create switchable anti-peeping film, PDLC is a voltage-controlled LC film that can switch between transparent and scattering, light scattering intensity of PDLC film is dependent on electric field, switchable voltage between light scattering (share mode) and transparent state (privacy mode) is approximately 5.0 V.
  • 1.2K
  • 10 Oct 2022
Biography
Ali T. Alouani
The University of Tennessee Knoxville, USA Ph.D. Degree in Electrical & Computer Engineering. (Dec, 1986) Thesis title: Implementation of Nonlinear Centralized Estimators in a Distributed Fashion. Research Areas: Autonomous Systems, Sensor Data Fusion, Medical Diagnosis Support Systems, EV Battery Safety, Smart Grid Monitoring Ecole Nationale d’Ingénieurs de Tunis, Tunisia, Ingénieur Prin
  • 1.2K
  • 11 Nov 2022
Topic Review
Liquid Crystal Waveguide Structures
Liquid crystal materials can be used to make either a core, in which light beams can be confined, or a cladding of optical waveguides.
  • 1.2K
  • 02 Nov 2021
Topic Review
Testing in Microgrids
This entry covers testing in Microgrids. The most common strategies are described and some papers are critizied. Testing in Microgrids can be done in a variety of ways, among others digital simulation, co-simulation, Real-Time simulation (RTS) Hardware-In-the-Loop (HIL), Controller-Hardware-In-the-Loop (CHIL), Power-Hardware-In-the-Loop (PHIL) and emulators. To choose the desired strategy, the trade-off has to be made between the cost, test fidelity and test coverage. The entry is based on section in "Testing Smart Grid Scenarios with Small Volume Testbed and Flexible Power Inverter" by Milosz Krysik et al.  
  • 1.2K
  • 12 Jan 2022
Topic Review
Color Coding Technology for Visualization
Color coding technology for data visualization Data visualization achieves its significance today due to information technology: big data processed in computers with capable visualization software, combined with statistical techniques and color coding on electronic displays. This article is about color coding technology for data visualization. Origins of color coding include rubrics, the Four Color Theorem of cartography and Jacques Bertin's 1967 book, The Semiology of Graphics. Contemporary color coding for data visualization is enabled by four technologies: statistics, color technology, displays and computing. Visualization of data was proceduralized by statisticians John Tukey and Edward Tufte in their respective landmark books Exploratory Data Analysis in 1977 and Visual Display of Quantitative Information in 1982. They did not emphasize the use of color. Others demonstrated the superiority of color coding to speed visual search of displayed information, and to locate and organize information of interest. A third prerequisite for color-coded data visualization is high-resolution, high-contrast, high-luminance color electronic displays. Honeywell Corporation and Boeing Corporation assembled technical data that are still germane to use of color displays. More recently, the US Federal Aviation Administration has published technical guidance for visualization of dynamic (air traffic) data on self-luminous color displays. Humans have an innate ability to perform color-coded visual search. Without training or practice, the search time with color coding can be reduced by a factor of ten or more, compared to a search of the same information display without color coding. 
  • 1.2K
  • 12 Oct 2022
Topic Review
Audi E-tron
The Audi e-tron family is a series of electric and hybrid concept cars shown by Audi from 2009 onwards. In 2012 Audi unveiled a plug-in hybrid version, the Audi A3 Sportback e-tron, released to retail customers in Europe in August 2014, and slated for the U.S. in 2015.
  • 1.2K
  • 12 Aug 2023
Topic Review
Lead–Acid Battery Faults
Lead–acid battery technology has been effectively fulfilling a variety of energy needs, ranging from classic car industry requirements to current plug-in hybrid electric vehicle requirements through any stationary system. Depending on the operating conditions, the battery can be affected in many ways. The same deterioration mechanisms affect all types of lead–acid batteries but to varying degrees. Two electrodes with the aqueous H2SO4 electrolyte (sulfuric acid) and the terminals are the main components of a lead–acid battery. A grid and the active material—PbO2 as the positive active material and Pb as the negative active material—make up the electrodes.
  • 1.2K
  • 05 Mar 2024
Topic Review
Polymer Nanocomposites
PE and PVC Polymer nanocomposites used in underground cables have been of great interest to researchers over the past 10 years.
  • 1.2K
  • 31 Dec 2020
Topic Review
Sequrity aspects in Smart Meters
Smart meters are of the basic elements in the so-called Smart Grid. These devices, connected to the Internet, keep bidirectional communication with other devices in the Smart Grid structure to allow remote readings and maintenance. As any other device connected to a network, smart meters become vulnerable to attacks with different purposes, like stealing data or altering readings. Nowadays, it is becoming more and more popular to buy and plug-and-play smart meters, additionally to those installed by the energy providers, to directly monitor the energy consumption at home. This option inherently entails security risks that are under the responsibility of householders. In this paper, we focus on an open solution based on Smartpi 2.0 devices with two purposes. On the one hand, we propose a network configuration and different data flows to exchange data (energy readings) in the home. These flows are designed to support collaborative among the devices in order to prevent external attacks and attempts of corrupting the data. On the other hand, we check the vulnerability by performing two kind of attacks (denial of service and stealing and changing data by using a malware).
  • 1.2K
  • 27 Oct 2020
Topic Review
Electrically Excited Doubly Salient Variable Reluctance Machine
The Electrically Excited Doubly Salient Variable Reluctance Machine (EEDSVRM) is a new type of brushless machine designed according to the principle of air gap reluctance change.
  • 1.2K
  • 14 Jan 2022
Topic Review
Plug-in Electric Vehicles in Australia
The adoption of plug-in electric vehicles in Australia is driven mostly by state-based electric vehicle targets and monetary incentives to support the adoption and deployment of low- or zero-emission vehicles. The monetary incentives include electric vehicle subsidies, interest-free loans, registration exemptions, stamp duty exemptions, the luxury car tax exemption and discounted parking for both private and commercial purchases. The Clean Energy Finance Corporation, energy providers, car loan providers and car insurance providers also offer their own financial incentives for electric vehicle purchases including Macquarie Bank offering the lowest electric car loan of 2.99%. The Victorian and New South Wales governments target between 50% to 53% of new car sales to be electric vehicles by 2030. The New South Wales Government also aim for the vast majority of new cars sold in the state to be electric vehicles by 2035. The New South Wales Government are also planning and stated they must ban the sale of internal combustion-engine vehicles by 2035. Similarly, the Victorian Government's "Infrastructure Victoria" initiative called for the government to ban the sale of petrol and diesel engine vehicles by 2035 at the latest. South Australia's Liberal government aim for 100% of new car sales to be electric vehicles by 2035, and plan to ensure electric vehicles are mainstream and the "common choice" for new vehicle purchases in 2030. The ACT also plan for 100% of new car sales to be EVs by 2030. The Australian states with EV sales targets represent approximately 65% of the Australian population. This means 65% of the Australian population has a target to reach more than 50% EV car sales by 2030. However, this target could be reached sooner if the two largest states governments of New South Wales and Victoria enact their plan to ban the sale of petrol and diesel vehicles by 2035. High adoption of electric vehicles could save Australian drivers $500 billion by 2035. While a slow uptake of electric vehicles would result in a 1 trillion cost to the Australian health system by 2050. Although air pollution would cause the deaths of at least 2500 people across Sydney and Melbourne in the year 2030, even if the federal government swiftly clamped down on poisonous car fuels. A Federal Government target for 100% of car sales to be electric vehicles before 2050 could also be included in the Federal Government's National Electric Vehicle Strategy. This is because Prime Minister Scott Morrison stated in 2021 that the government's goal is to reach net-zero emissions by 2050, which would require a national transition to 100% electric vehicles before 2050. 60% of Australians also want a net-zero emissions target by 2050. Scott Morrison will deliver a target for net-zero emissions by 2050 to the 2021 UN Climate Conference. The New South Wales treasurer, Matt Kean, said the federal Nationals should resign if they didn't support a national target for net-zero emissions by 2050. To reach net-zero emissions by 2050, electric vehicles will also need to represent 50% of car sales by 2035.
  • 1.2K
  • 15 Nov 2022
Topic Review
Sensor Calibration
A sensor is a detection device that can convert measured data into electrical signals output according to certain rules in order to meet the requirements of information transmission, processing, storage, display, recording, and control. The performance indicators of sensors usually include sensitivity, resolution, linearity, repeatability, stability, accuracy, and so on. The process of experimentally determining, under predetermined measurement conditions, the correspondence between a sensor’s input and output is known as calibration. The sensor has to be recalibrated if any of its indicators have changed as a result of the external environment or if it has been some time since the last calibration. 
  • 1.2K
  • 28 Aug 2023
Topic Review
Machines Additive Manufacturing
Modern-day machine applications require extraordinary performance parameters such as high power-density, integrated functionalities, improved thermal, mechanical & electromagnetic properties. Additive manufacturing (AM)offers a higher degree of design flexibility to achieve these performance parameters, which is impossible to realize through conventional manufacturing techniques.
  • 1.2K
  • 26 Aug 2021
Topic Review
Technologies for Improving Storage Efficiency in Blockchain-Based IIoT
The Internet of Things (IoT) and blockchain have contributed to massive advancements in the fields to which they have been applied. The benefits of the blockchain, which include enhanced security, transparency, and greater traceability, make it a promising technology for integration with IIoT, which has long had issues with security. However, there are several issues that limit the integration of blockchain into Industrial Internet of Things (IIoT) systems. One of these issues is the huge storage requirement of the blockchain. There are several solutions to address these concerns. These solutions, which include summarization-based, compression-based, and storage scheme optimization methods, are necessary to enable the further development of blockchain–IIoT integration. However, these solutions have shortcomings that reduce their effectiveness. Compression-based schemes produce compressed blocks or data that accumulate over time and may not ensure enough storage savings on peers. This can be alleviated by designing compression techniques that provide an efficient representation of data for IIoT systems to yield better compression ratios. Summarization-based schemes reduce redundancy in block data by using the net change in transferring entities between parties and, thus, are better suited for financial systems than for IIoT systems. 
  • 1.2K
  • 30 Oct 2022
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