You're using an outdated browser. Please upgrade to a modern browser for the best experience.
Subject:
All Disciplines Arts & Humanities Biology & Life Sciences Business & Economics Chemistry & Materials Science Computer Science & Mathematics Engineering Environmental & Earth Sciences Medicine & Pharmacology Physical Sciences Public Health & Healthcare Social Sciences
Sort by:
Most Viewed Latest Alphabetical (A-Z) Alphabetical (Z-A)
Filter:
All Topic Review Biography Peer Reviewed Entry Video Entry
Topic Review
The Impact of COCZs on Sustainable Trade
Under the concept of “government-guided, enterprise-led, and market-oriented” operation, the Chinese Overseas Economic and Trade Cooperation Zones (COCZs) have developed a new type of international production pattern, which has become an effective way for developing countries to integrate into the global production network sustainably. 
  • 697
  • 08 Jan 2024
Topic Review
Evaluating the Creative Economy by Contingent Valuation Method
The effectiveness of the economic policies implemented by a country/region directly affects its economic growth potential. Cultural Heritage Festivals are a sector of the creative economy that, by promoting culture, may have a significant impact on national/regional sustainable economic development. The Contingent Valuation Method (CVM) is an appropriate method for evaluating festivals and suggest that females, spectators with high incomes and high educational levels, and visitors to Kalamata (non-residents) show an increased Willingness To Pay. These findings can be useful to cultural heritage festival organizers in developing appropriate policy strategies: targeting the social groups with the greatest Willingness To Pay; adjusting the pricing mechanism accordingly; modifying annual memberships/donations/sponsorships, indirect resources, and tax revenues and grants; and optimizing investments and allocating resources. 
  • 697
  • 11 Feb 2024
Topic Review
Foreign Trade of Wood-Based Sectors
The national strategies for the development of wood-based industries (WBI) in EU countries are aimed at higher utilization of the country’s own resources of wood as a raw material and the finalization of wood processing in the country of origin. The high level of exports of wood as a raw material in Slovakia and the Czech Republic contributes to an active trade balance, which on the one hand is positive for the economy of these countries, but on the other hand is not in line with national strategies.
  • 692
  • 06 Jun 2023
Topic Review
e-Commerce in the Post-Pandemic Period
The emergence of the COVID-19 pandemic has resulted in notable transformations of the commerce landscape, particularly in the realm of electronic commerce. This sector has experienced a precipitous advancement, characterized by substantial modifications of online business under-takings, encompassing both products and services. 
  • 692
  • 27 Feb 2024
Topic Review
ICT Diffusion Impact on the Shadow Economy
The primary factors that influence sovereign bond yields are typically domestic macroeconomic and financial fundamentals, as well as global factors such as international risk appetite and global liquidity, as indicated by a substantial body of literature. Credit ratings are widely regarded as a standard means of measuring a country’s financial risk and play a critical role in assessing its overall risk profile. Furthermore, international investors seeking to realize higher returns inevitably face higher risk and volatility and scarce relevant information when focusing on emerging markets. As a result, they turn to credit ratings as valuable indicators of a country’s capacity or willingness to meet its financial obligations. Hence, credit ratings can also be seen, as Cantor and Packer (1996) suggest, as a reflection or proxy of domestic macroeconomic and financial indicators. 
  • 689
  • 01 Jun 2023
Topic Review
Cancers: Costs in Relation to Disability-Adjusted Life Years
Cancer represents a major health issue, concerning both the clinical burden (in terms of morbidity and mortality) and the consequent economic implications. With regard to the latter, Disability-Adjusted Life Years (DALYs) are often used to measure the burden of disease since they are a compound unit encompassing both disability and mortality, but substantial heterogeneity occurs when they are translated to monetary value. Each DALY due to cancer has shown to cost, on average, around 9000 USD in high- and upper-middle income countries, although this computation can be strongly influenced by fluctuations depending on cancer type and other parameters (e.g., country, prices). Moreover, the cost per cancer-related DALY has been found to be, on average, 32% (95% CI: 24–42%) of the corresponding countries’ gross domestic product (GDP) per capita, which implies that the use of a priori established parameters, such as GDP or the value of a statistical life (VSL), might lead to presenting rough estimates highly different (even threefold) from what emerges a posteriori, after directly retrieving figures and/or building models out of available data.
  • 680
  • 27 May 2022
Topic Review
Environmental Regulation on Enterprises’ Green Innovation Performance
Environmental regulation has a positive impact on energy-intensive enterprises’ environmental innovation prospective, stakeholder pressure, and innovation capability, respectively. In turn, this has a significant impact on enterprises’ green innovation performance. Stakeholder pressure and green innovation capability to play an important role between environmental regulation and green innovation performance. It is better to promote enterprises’ green innovation prospective and innovation ability through environmental regulation to promote stakeholder pressure, in turn, that improve enterprises’ innovation performance. It is important to leverage these influencing factors to promote green innovation performance to achieve a carbon turning point.
  • 679
  • 13 Jul 2023
Topic Review
Exhibition Experiential Value of CCPs
The protection of industrial cultural heritage is related to sustainable urban development. Cultural and creative parks (CCPs) are a way for many cities to protect their industrial cultural heritage.The four antecedents (attractiveness, existential authenticity, self-congruence, and exhibition–park image congruence) have a positive impact on exhibition experiential value. Exhibition experiential value has a positive impact on CCP experiential value, which in turn, affects behavioral intentions toward the CCP. In addition, Exhibition experiential value has a mediating effect between the four antecedents and CCP experiential value, CCP experiential value has a mediating effect between exhibition experiential value and behavioral intentions.
  • 676
  • 05 Jul 2021
Topic Review
Determinants of E-Government Use in the European Union
Efficient governments, defined as those that provide digital public services and effectively support their citizens through modern tools and channels, can be the result of a variety of factors, including education, urbanization, infrastructure, and economic growth as measured by GDP per capita.
  • 673
  • 05 Jul 2023
Topic Review
Democracy and the Common Wealth
Democracy and the Common Wealth: Breaking the Stranglehold of the Special Interests is a 2010 book by urban designer, policy analyst and artist Michael E. Arth. Arth attempts to expose what he calls the "dirty secrets" of America's electoral system, and provides a list of solutions that he believes will result in a "truly representative democracy." This democracy would be led by effective, trustworthy leaders, who would be elected by a majority, and who would not have to spend their time raising campaign funds, or catering to paid lobbyists. It also tells the story of the first year of Florida's 2010 gubernatorial race, from his point of view as an outsider, lacking in personal wealth or party backing. In the main text, and in the postscript, Arth writes about how he became an independent candidate for governor after being "frozen out" of the "undemocratic" Florida Democratic Party for not having millions of dollars, and for suggesting that campaigns be about issues instead of money. The first edition of the book has 480 pages including 72 illustrations and charts and was first published in both e-book and print in May 2010. The e-book version also includes a postscript about the BP Oil Spill and energy policy, and a section on Arth’s switch to No Party Affiliation.
  • 663
  • 22 Nov 2022
Topic Review
Economies of Scale and Sustainability in Local Government
Local governments may seek efficient public service delivery through scaling up production, and the quest for the optimal local government size has attracted extensive attention of scholars and policy makers. Indeed, if scale matters for local government efficiency, increasing size may be a key factor in achieving more value for money for citizens. As such, getting scale right may contribute significantly to achieving the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) as set out in the 2030 Agenda. Nonetheless, there is considerable uncertainty with regard to how scale shapes the average cost of local government service delivery. These uncertainties may have contributed to policy makers and public organizations disregarding the often inconclusive and sometimes contradictory empirical evidence in stimulating and allowing mergers and consolidation in many Western countries.  This Special Issue is concerned with economies of scale in local government. Interesting issues to be addressed relate to the existence of general and service specific economies of scale and the implications of both for local government policy regarding various types of scaling (amalgamation, cooperation, and outsourcing). Based on a brief literature review, we inventory a number of issues which warrant further research. One of the conclusions is that the relationship between scale and sustainability is a complex issue with many aspects. Examples include the relation between economies of scale and outsourcing and cooperation, issues concerned with multi-level aspects of scale, and the trade-off that may exist between achieving economies of scale and cost efficiency (e.g., transition cost of mergers). Another conclusion is that no such thing as “one size fits all” exists. Different perspectives may play a role and should be born in mind when suggesting solutions and providing recommendations to achieve sustainable goals.
  • 651
  • 15 Dec 2021
Topic Review
Environmental–Economic Nexus and Air Pollution in Oman
Academics and decision-makers have paid close attention to the relationship between air pollution, climate change, and economic growth. It is important to highlight that a large number of “conventional” air pollution sources are also major producers of greenhouse gases (GHGs), such as CO2, which are essential to global warming. An unparalleled rise in the need for energy consumption has been caused by the quick development of economic activity, urbanization, and population growth. All of these things work together to cause environmental deterioration and rising greenhouse gas emissions. Consequently, attaining sustainable economic growth rates while carefully balancing this expansion with environmental preservation is one of the most important developmental concerns facing the world today. 
  • 646
  • 11 Jan 2024
Topic Review
Outward Foreign Direct Investment on Green Innovation Heterogeneity
In the current era of increasingly frequent international exchanges and countries’ increasing emphasis on green development, exploring the complex relationship between outward foreign direct investment (OFDI) and green innovation has become an important research topic. Taking the binary innovation perspective as an entry point, this research is devoted to exploring the heterogeneous impact and dynamic evolution of OFDI on green innovation since China’s accession to the WTO.
  • 636
  • 25 May 2023
Topic Review
Sustainable Development of Mining Regions
The Arctic’s specific conditions require increased attention to natural and human capital. Therefore, implementing the principles of the sustainable development concept, balancing economic, social, and environmental goals is of paramount importance. Mining is at the heart of the strategy for the socio-economic development of Russia’s Arctic territories. 
  • 635
  • 27 Mar 2024
Topic Review
Electrification of Hydrocarbon Production Facilities in Underdeveloped Areas
The relevance of the technical and economic evaluation of options for the optimization of electrification projects of hydrocarbon production facilities is due to the growing need for the development of new fields in undeveloped and hard-to-reach territories. Development of new fields requires the construction of large amounts of infrastructure energy facilities, new solutions to improve energy efficiency, reducing capital intensity of projects, solutions to improve the efficiency of resource use in the circular economy, and the use of renewable energy sources (RES). Analysis of the technological directions of electrification of hydrocarbon production facilities proves that the low level of application of RES for energy supply purposes is due to the lack of experimental data on the implementation of this kind of project. 
  • 631
  • 06 Jul 2023
Topic Review
Investments in Pinus elliottii Engelm. Plantations
Investment projects in Pinus elliotti plantations that contemplate the land purchase analyzed through the real options analysis present higher financial returns than those that consider land lease, inverting the result provided by the traditional analysis. 
  • 622
  • 11 Feb 2022
Topic Review
Investigating the Role of Renewable Energy Use
The impact of global warming on the economy, population and environment is one of the most pressing concerns of this era. Since the Industrial Revolution, human's increased dependence on fossil fuels has worsened both global warming and climate change. It is feasible to connect the rise of urbanization to both economic growth and the structure of that growth.
  • 620
  • 26 Aug 2022
Topic Review
Effects of Cap-and-Trade Mechanism
Toward sustainability, the insurer explicitly captures the credit risk from the borrowing firms, participating in the cap-and-trade scheme to reduce carbon emissions, an essential issue of carbon emission and environmental protection when facing gray rhino threats. In addition, the energy economics and policy analysis are from the fund-providing insurer’s perspective. Green lending policies and life insurance policy loans (i.e., disintermediation related to insurance stability) are crucial to managers and regulators, particularly bridging the borrowing-firm carbon transactions for carbon emission reductions toward sustainability.
  • 606
  • 16 Aug 2022
Topic Review
Macroeconomic Simulator with Multi-Layered Supplier–Customer Relationships
Instead of setting an upstream and downstream structure of firms in the inter-firm networks, the model includes a mechanism that connects each firm through supplier–customer relationships and incorporates interactions between firms mutually buying and selling intermediate input materials. It is confirmed through the proposed model’s simulation analysis that, although a firm’s sales volume temporarily falls due to an economic shock of the type that causes a sharp decline in households’ final demand, the increase in assets held by households as they refrain from spending rather expands their capacity for consumption.
  • 599
  • 31 Jul 2023
Topic Review
Resilience Exist in China’s Tourism Economy
Since the 21st century, crisis events have been frequent and normalized globally, and improving resilience has become the key for the tourism industry to cope with various uncertainty risks. To reveal the reality of the economic resilience of tourism in China, this research employed the autoregressive integrated moving average model (ARIMA) to construct a counterfactual function and integrated with the peaks-over-threshold (POT) model and geographical detector model to evaluate the spatiotemporal evolution and influencing factors of the economic resilience of tourism in China from the resistance and recoverability perspective, with a view to providing a reference for consolidating the resilience of the economic system of tourism in China and promoting the sustainable development of its tourism economy. The results showed that the economic resilience of tourism in China can be divided into four types—robust, self-reliant, laissez-faire, and fragile—based on a baseline resistance of −0.361 and recoverability of 0.342. Under different contraction–recovery cycles, the resistance and recoverability of China’s tourism economy have been progressively improved, transforming from the centralized model to the discrete model, from a fragile to a selfreliant type. The type of economic resilience of tourism in China exhibited a clustered contiguous development trend, with obvious zonal distribution characteristics and self-reliant tourism economic resilience areas dominating, but most areas have not yet formed stable economic resilience in their tourism sector. The ecological environment quality, government management ability, and technological innovation level were the main factors affecting the economic resilience of tourism in China. The interactions between different influencing factors were more significant in strengthening the tourism economic resilience.
  • 598
  • 14 Sep 2022
  • Page
  • of
  • 18
Featured Entry Collections
>>

Featured Books

>>
Encyclopedia of COVID-19
Encyclopedia of Engineering
Encyclopedia of Social Sciences
Encyclopedia of Digital Society, Industry 5.0 and Smart City
Academic Video Service
Feedback