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Topic Review
Climate Economic Models in Malaysia
The concept of externalities in the production of goods and services by Arthur Pigou became part of economics with the publication of “The Economics of welfare”. GHG emissions became a negative global externality from production activities causing global warming and climate change. Society needs to adapt to the catastrophic consequences if governments across the globe delay in taking any unprecedented policy corrections.A price on GHG emissions determined from climate economic modelling is called Social Cost of Carbon (SCC) or carbon price. SCC is defined as the net present value of climate damages from one more tonne of carbon dioxide (CO2) or equivalent, conditional on a global emissions trajectory over time . Among others, setting a price on greenhouse gas emissions is one of the effective policy instruments to address the negative externalities of anthropogenic greenhouse gas emissions. Carbon pricing is implemented in almost 61 jurisdictions around the world covering 22% of global GHG emissions based on a report by the World Bank in 2020. According to this report, the range of carbon prices starts from 1 USD/tCO2e to 119 USD/tCO2e. However, the percentage coverage of global GHG emissions has almost doubled from 13% in 2016 with only 40 jurisdictions . The year 2016 was selected to compare the state of the global carbon pricing in the post-Paris Agreement in 2015. This is evidence by the adoption of carbon pricing which is expected to build its pace following this growing trend.
  • 866
  • 19 May 2021
Topic Review
Effects of Health Factors on GDP Growth
It is indicated that the existence of a long-run equilibrium relationship between the health factors and GDP growth; however, in the short term, the variables are found to be in a state of disequilibrium.
  • 863
  • 27 Jun 2023
Topic Review
Unlocking the Green Economy in African Countries
The Fourth Industrial Revolution, marked by transformative technological advancements, has ushered in a promising avenue for green economic growth. This transition towards a low-carbon, environmentally sustainable economy has gained momentum across both developed and developing nations, driven by the urgent need to address impending climate change and its far-reaching consequences. Amid this context, the synergy between financial technology (FinTech) and the green economy emerges as a potential solution to the ecological challenge.
  • 862
  • 14 Aug 2023
Topic Review
Comprehensive Evaluation of China’s Input–Output Sector Status
Based on China's 2002–2018 input–output data, this research uses the entropy weight method to determine weights, and then combines the social network analysis method in order to construct a comprehensive index system for industry status evaluation.
  • 854
  • 24 Nov 2022
Topic Review
Agri-Food Supply Channels in Supply Chains
Improving the efficiency in the links in the supply chains of agri-food products is relevant in terms of the assessment methodology and practical aspects for ensuring and supporting sustainable supply chains of products not only in individual channels of product movement but also in the end-to-end supply chain of products, i.e., from the field to the end consumer.
  • 854
  • 09 Sep 2023
Topic Review
Environment Information Disclosure in Sub-Saharan Africa
Africa comprises the bulk of struggling economies. However, Sub-Saharan Africa is experiencing rapid industrialization and urbanization. Excessive resource use, pollution, and the absence of relevant environmental disclosure are factors that contribute to these human-made damages. Environmental pollution as a threat to sustainable development results from these damages. Although it has been established that Sub-Saharan Africa would benefit from resource-management development, sustainable environmental strategies, and a reduction in urbanization and persistent poverty, the information on these issues has not been made public.
  • 853
  • 27 Oct 2022
Topic Review
Spatial Convergence of Carbon Productivity
China’s provincial carbon productivity has conditional convergence and club convergence characteristics. The convergence speed of dynamic panel regression estimation is greater than that of cross-sectional regression. The convergence rate of dynamic spatial panel regression estimation is faster depending on the spatial spillover difference between the two technologies. In the early stage, the provincial spatial dependence of China’s carbon productivity is mainly knowledge spillover, and the convergence rate is lower than that of the closed economy. Over the past decade, the spatial spillover, dominated by low-carbon technology diffusion, has become the dominant force. The convergence rate is significantly faster than that of a non-spatial-dependent economy. In addition, the mechanism test found that the development of energy efficiency dominates the spatial transfer of technology, so the overall convergence of carbon productivity in China mainly comes from the apparent convergence of energy efficiency in provinces and cities. The conclusion provides a new reference for the emission reduction actions of countries worldwide because the spatial knowledge spillover carried by capital flows is not conducive to the pursuit of carbon productivity in less developed regions. On the contrary, the dissemination and diffusion of low-carbon technologies can significantly reduce carbon equivalent input in the production process, accelerating the pursuit of developing countries or regions. 
  • 846
  • 28 Apr 2022
Topic Review
Nowcasting Unemployment
In contrast to researchers who used only a small number of search queries or limited themselves to job agency explorations, researchers incorporated keywords from the following six dimensions of Google Trends searches: job search, benefits, and application; mental health; violence and abuse; leisure search; consumption and lifestyle; and disasters.
  • 838
  • 14 Jul 2023
Biography
Horace Bookwalter Drury
Horace Bookwalter Drury (August 21, 1888 - 1968) was an American economist, lecturer at Ohio State University, and management author, particularly known for his early work on scientific management.[1][2] Drury was born in Dayton, Ohio in 1888 as son of Augustus Waldo Drury (1851-1935), a notable theologian and professor, and Sophia (Bookwalter) Drury. He obtained is AB in economics at Otterbe
  • 832
  • 26 Dec 2022
Topic Review
List of Countries by Distribution of Wealth
This is a list of countries by distribution of wealth, including Gini coefficients. Wealth distribution can vary greatly from income distribution in a country. See: List of countries by income equality. Higher Gini coefficients signify greater inequality in wealth distribution, with 0 being complete equality, whereas a value near 1 can arise in a situation where everybody has zero wealth except a very small minority. "The top 10 percent owned 71 percent of world wealth, and the Gini coefficient for the global distribution of wealth is estimated to be 0.804, indicating greater inequality than that observed in the global distribution of consumption or income."
  • 829
  • 24 Oct 2022
Topic Review
Public–Private Partnership Infrastructure Investment
Interconnected infrastructure is an essential foundation for sustainable economic development. As China’s economy enters the new normal, the contradiction between the continuously growing demand for public goods represented by infrastructure and the insufficient supply efficiency and quality of single government-led investment mode under downward economic pressure and fiscal constraints has profoundly changed the supply and investment mode of infrastructure. Public–private partnership (PPP) has become the most important means of investing in infrastructure. PPP, an innovative mode of infrastructure investment, has been widely applied in China and has become an essential policy tool with which to promote sustainable economic development.
  • 824
  • 11 Aug 2021
Topic Review
Predictors of GDP Growth
Over decades, economists devoted a substantial amount of effort to model economic growth. There exists a wide literature that supports the importance of different kinds of variables to predict the evolution of GDP. 
  • 821
  • 25 Jun 2023
Topic Review
Impact of Industrial Agglomeration on China’s Residents’ Consumption
Residents’ consumption is a good indicator of people’s livelihoods and one of the motivations driving economic growth.  Industrial agglomeration in the eastern region is relatively high and has a restraining effect on residents’ consumption, while industrial agglomeration in the central and western regions is at an early stage and promotes residents’ consumption. Therefore, different regions should adopt different industrial agglomeration policies. 
  • 819
  • 28 Apr 2022
Topic Review
Machine Learning and Deep Learning Techniques
The rapid growth of e-commerce has significantly increased the demand for advanced techniques to address specific tasks in the e-commerce field.
  • 819
  • 21 Dec 2023
Topic Review
Differentiated Development of Digital Economy on Employment Quality
In the context of the digital age, the digital economy, as a new economic model that the Chinese government is currently committed to developing, has played a positive role in driving consumption and creating employment opportunities. However, the differential development characteristics of the digital economy are becoming increasingly evident. The level of digital infrastructure and the application of digital facilities in China’s eastern regions are superior to those in the central and western regions. The increasing level of differential development in the digital economy will further accelerate the cross-regional mobility of labor. For the more developed eastern regions in China, in terms of the digital economy, the ability to empower employment is relatively high, which can create more job opportunities and attract a larger labor force seeking employment opportunities. In contrast, the central and western regions face slower development in the digital economy and relatively insufficient employment-empowering capacity, leading to labor force outflow. Proper cross-regional labor mobility can enhance the efficiency of labor resource allocation. However, excessive labor force mobility can lead to imbalanced labor resource allocation, causing job shortages and reduced employment quality in regions with an excess of labor force, while labor loss regions face labor shortages and talent drain, resulting in a loss of economic vitality in those regions.
  • 816
  • 19 Oct 2023
Topic Review
Co-Living at Its Best in Hong Kong
Co-living is often viewed as a shared rental housing arrangement, where common amenities are utilised collectively by tenants. This practice has been a long-standing tradition in high-density urban areas, particularly within housing estates where co-owners collaborate to make efficient use of space and resources.
  • 813
  • 10 Nov 2023
Topic Review
Household Electricity Prices and Energy Mix
Household electricity prices can vary considerably depending on a number of economic, political and natural factors. However, households generally have limited influence on the price of electricity due to a tightly regulated market in many countries. The energy mix, the combination of energy sources used to produce electricity, can have a significant impact on energy prices. The composition of the energy mix varies from region to region and can affect the cost, reliability and sustainability of electricity. 
  • 810
  • 19 Jan 2024
Topic Review
Urban–Rural Integration Empowers High-Quality Development of Tourism Economy
Urban–rural integration has become an effective way to promote the high-quality development of the tourism economy in China’s policy evolution. Urban–rural integration has a positive empowering effect on the high-quality development of the tourism economy as a whole, with the integration of urban and rural areas in the central and eastern regions playing a considerable role.
  • 804
  • 04 Dec 2023
Topic Review
Cash Transfers
Cash transfers are direct transfer payments of money to eligible people. Cash transfers are usually provided by the state and federal government.
  • 797
  • 09 Nov 2022
Topic Review
Exchange Rate Crisis among Inflation Targeting Countries
The exchange market pressure index has proven to be a major indicator in identifying exchange rate crises in economies; however, due to the complexities surrounding developing economies, the efficacy of the index has been called to question. Specifically, the selection of an appropriate index and the problem of selecting the appropriate threshold for identifying exchange market pressure.
  • 794
  • 27 May 2022
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