You're using an outdated browser. Please upgrade to a modern browser for the best experience.
Subject:
All Disciplines Arts & Humanities Biology & Life Sciences Business & Economics Chemistry & Materials Science Computer Science & Mathematics Engineering Environmental & Earth Sciences Medicine & Pharmacology Physical Sciences Public Health & Healthcare Social Sciences
Sort by:
Most Viewed Latest Alphabetical (A-Z) Alphabetical (Z-A)
Filter:
All Topic Review Biography Peer Reviewed Entry Video Entry
Topic Review
Psoriasis; Pathogenisis and green remedies
Although psoriasis remains one of the most devastating inflammatory disorders due to its huge negative impact on patients’ quality of life, new “green” treatment approaches still need to be fully explored.
  • 772
  • 11 Mar 2023
Topic Review
Atopic Dermatitis in Latin America
Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a prevalent condition in Latin America that can have a substantial impact on quality of life. Diagnosing AD is challenging due to broad clinical features and lack of universal diagnostic criteria. Furthermore, lack of physician training, barriers to access, and socioeconomic inequalities hinder effective disease management. Ethnoracial disparities in AD need to be addressed, as they may impact not only in the diagnosis, but also in severity scores which are relevant parameters for evaluating the efficacy of therapeutic agents. 
  • 771
  • 18 May 2023
Topic Review
HMGB1 in Cutaneous Melanoma
High-mobility Group Box 1 (HMGB1) is a nuclear protein that plays a key role in acute and chronic inflammation. HMGB1 is closely associated with cell survival and proliferation and may be directly involved in tumor cell metastasis development thanks to its ability to promote cell migration. HMGB1 is closely associated with cell survival and proliferation and may be directly involved in tumor cell metastasis development thanks to its ability to promote cell migration. 
  • 766
  • 24 Aug 2022
Topic Review
NRF2 and Key Transcriptional Targets
Melanocytes are dendritic, pigment-producing cells located in the skin and are responsible for its protection against the deleterious effects of solar ultraviolet radiation (UVR), which include DNA damage and elevated reactive oxygen species (ROS). They do so by synthesizing photoprotective melanin pigments and distributing them to adjacent skin cells (e.g., keratinocytes). However, melanocytes encounter a large burden of oxidative stress during this process, due to both exogenous and endogenous sources.To protect themselves, they utilize numerous antioxidant systems to reduce the amount of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species present in the cell and this activity then contributes towards the prevention of cancer formation. However, after the formation of melanoma these same antioxidant systems are often coopted by the cancer in order to promote its uncontrolled growth and metastasis.
  • 763
  • 06 Apr 2022
Topic Review
Tetracyclines as an Therapeutic Tool for Dermatologists
Tetracyclines are a group of antibiotics. In addition to their antibacterial activity, they are able to inhibit metalloproteinases and exhibit anti-inflammatory, anti-apoptotic and antioxidant effects. The side effects have been thoroughly studied over the years, the most characteristic and important ones in daily dermatological practice being: phototoxicity, hyperpigmentation, onycholysis, photoonycholysis, induced lupus erythematosus, and idiopathic intracranial hypertension. 
  • 763
  • 30 Jun 2022
Topic Review
Acne-Like Eruptions
The term “acne-like eruptions” encompasses a variety of skin conditions resembling acne vulgaris. While both acne-like dermatoses and true acne are frequently observed in clinical settings, differentiating between the two might be challenging. Similar to acne, the lesions of acne-like eruptions may exhibit papules, pustules, nodules, and cysts.
  • 763
  • 14 Jun 2023
Topic Review
Primary Localized Cutaneous Nodular Amyloidosis and Sjögren’s Syndrome
Primary localized cutaneous nodular amyloidosis (PLCNA) is a rare condition attributed to plasma cell proliferation and the deposition of immunoglobulin light chains in the skin without association with systemic amyloidosis or hematological dyscrasias. It is not uncommon for patients diagnosed with PLCNA to also suffer from other auto-immune connective tissue diseases, with Sjögren’s syndrome (SjS) showing the strongest association. 
  • 762
  • 06 May 2023
Topic Review
Conventional/Classic Cutaneous Neurofibroma
Neurofibroma (NF) is defined as a histologically benign (WHO grade I) peripheral nerve sheath tumor composed of cells of diverse lineage including Schwann cells, fibroblasts, perineurial cells, mast cells and macrophages with intermixed axons. The most common type of cutaneous neurofibroma (cNF) is the classic cNF. Variations in the cytomorphology and stromal characteristics in classic cNF give rise to different histopathological subtypes.
  • 757
  • 11 Jan 2023
Topic Review
Paraneoplastic Syndromes in Patients with Keratinocyte Skin Cancer
A variety of well-characterized cutaneous paraneoplastic syndromes (PNS) are diagnosed during internal malignancies; however, the spectrum of keratinocyte skin neoplasms (KSC) related to PNS is still obscure. Aim of the present research synthesis was to provide a typology of the spectrum of these PNS based on a focused literature search.
  • 755
  • 12 Jan 2022
Topic Review
Kaposi Sarcoma
Kaposi’s sarcoma is an angioproliferative neoplasm that typically occurs in the lower limbs and can enter into differential diagnosis with several other rarer skin diseases. The principal differential diagnosis concerns primary cutaneous lymphomas, of which mycosis fungoides represent the most frequent primary cutaneous T-cell lymphoma. Other rare forms include primary cutaneous B-cell lymphomas, which can be divided into indolent and aggressive forms, such as the primary cutaneous diffuse large B-cell lymphoma, leg type, and lymphomatoid papulomatosis (LyP). In the case of indolent lesions, skin-directed therapies, limited-field radiotherapy, and surgical approaches can be good options. At the same time, different management, with systemic chemotherapy and allogenic bone marrow transplant, is required with aggressive neoplasms, such as blastic plasmacytoid dendritic cell neoplasia or advanced mycosis fungoides. The dermatologist’s role can be crucial in recognizing such diseases and avoiding misdiagnosis, giving the pathologist the correct clinical information for an accurate diagnosis, and starting the suitable therapy.
  • 755
  • 10 May 2023
Topic Review
Microbiology of Skin Wounds
The skin is the largest organ of the animal and human body and protects the internal organs from a variety of injuries as well as infectious agents. The microbiota of the skin is composed of bacteria, fungi, and viruses. Together, they form a complex ecosystem that plays a role in the defence against pathogens and in the development of the host’s immune system. Once the skin barrier is breached, the originally commensal bacteria become pathogens. They cause persistent inflammation and delay healing, leading to the development of chronic wounds typical of diabetics, immobile patients, and the elderly.
  • 742
  • 25 Jul 2022
Topic Review
Cutaneous T Cell Lymphoma
Primary cutaneous lymphomas constitute a heterogeneous group of disorders characterized by monoclonal proliferations of lymphocytes with infiltration primarily involving the skin, modified skin appendages and certain mucosal sites. Primary cutaneous lymphomas are a heterogeneous group of disorders and a current area of unmet need in dermato-oncology due to the limited options available for advanced cases.
  • 726
  • 16 Mar 2023
Topic Review
Radiation Therapy in Non-Melanoma Skin Cancer Treatment
Non-melanoma skin cancer (NMSC) is the most common malignancy in the United States. While surgery is considered as the main treatment modality for both cutaneous basal cell carcinoma (cBCC) and cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (cSCC), radiotherapy plays an important role in the treatment of NMSC, both in the adjuvant setting for cases considered high-risk for recurrence, and in the definitive setting, when surgery is not feasible or desired by the patient. 
  • 725
  • 26 May 2023
Topic Review
Large Language Models in Dermatopathology
The potential advantages of Large Language Models (LLMs) include a streamlined generation of pathology reports, the ability to learn and provide up-to-date information, and simplified patient education. Existing instances of LLMs encompass diagnostic support, research acceleration, and trainee education. Challenges involve biases, data privacy and quality, and establishing a balance between AI and dermatopathological expertise. Prospects include the integration of LLMs with other AI technologies to improve diagnostics and the improvement of multimodal LLMs that can handle both text and image input. 
  • 719
  • 26 Feb 2024
Topic Review
Vitiligo and Mental Health
Vitiligo is a dermatosis consisting of the appearance of white discoloration patches of the skin, with a prominent pathogenetic factor represented by autoimmunity. Segmental and non-segmental are the two main forms of vitiligo, which may be recognized depending on the onset and localization: the first one is the most common and affects people with autoimmune-prone habits, whereas the non-segmental vitiligo is characterized by symmetrical white macules/patches spread over the skin surface; when untreated it is usually progressive. Macules may appear close to the mucosae (mouth, orbits, genitals, anus) and flexural areas (wrists, axillae and so on) and although they do not immediately affect physical health, they represent not only a cosmetic concern but also a risk for non-melanoma skin cancer (NMSC) development, because of the reduction of sun protection due to the lack of melanin. Different factors have been outlined as possible triggers in the development of the typical lesions, such as the tendency to develop other autoimmune diseases like Hashimoto’s thyroiditis, Addison’s disease, or alopecia areata as well as oxidative stress, trauma, sunlight exposure, and genetic factors.
  • 718
  • 29 Jan 2023
Topic Review
Ichthyoses
Ichthyoses comprise a broad spectrum of keratinization disorders due to hereditary defects of cornification. Until now, mutations in more than 50 genes, mostly coding for structural proteins involved in epidermal barrier formation, have been identified as causes for different types of these keratinization disorders. However, due to the high heterogeneity and difficulties in the establishment of valid experimental models, research in this field remains challenging and translation of novel findings to clinical practice is difficult.
  • 716
  • 23 Mar 2021
Topic Review
Vitamin D and Non-Melanoma Skin Cancer
Non-melanoma skin cancers (NMSC) are the most common type of skin malignancies among humans (particularly fair-skinned populations of European descent) and its incidence rates have been on the rise globally for decades [1]. The best defined role of vitamin D in humans is in supporting the normal development and maintenance of bone tissues and in regulating calcium metabolism [7,8]. Furthermore, there is growing evidence that vitamin D plays a role in many fundamental biological processes (e.g., cell proliferation, angiogenesis, and modulation of the immune system) [9] implicated in carcinogenesis. 
  • 716
  • 26 Oct 2021
Topic Review
Psychotropic Medications and Dermatological Side Effects
Psychotropic medications, commonly prescribed for psychiatric disorders, can have underappreciated dermatological side effects. Adverse reactions (ADRs) to these medications are a leading cause of discontinuations and therefore can lead to poor compliance. The diagnosis of drug-induced dermatological reactions is a significant challenge due to factors such as multifactorial aetiology and complex presentation.
  • 711
  • 18 Jan 2024
Topic Review
Local Drug Delivery Strategies towards Wound Healing
The capacity of the skin to heal a wound is the result of a highly intricate process that involves several different processes, such as vascular response, blood coagulation, fibrin network creation, re-epithelialisation, collagen maturation, and connective tissue remodelling. Wound healing may be controlled with topical antiseptics, topical antibiotics, herbal remedies, and cellular initiators. In order to effectively eradicate infections and shorten the healing process, contemporary antimicrobial treatments that include antibiotics or antiseptics must be investigated. A variety of delivery systems were described, including innovative delivery systems, hydrogels, microspheres, gold and silver nanoparticles, vesicles, emulsifying systems, nanofibres, artificial dressings, three-dimensional printed skin replacements, dendrimers and carbon nanotubes. It may be inferred that enhanced local delivery methods might be used to provide wound healing agents for faster healing of skin wounds.
  • 709
  • 15 Mar 2023
Topic Review
Mechanisms of Therapeutics and Cosmetic Agents against Aging
Skin is the protective physical barrier that protects our body against harm from the hazardous effects of ultraviolet (UV) radiation and the infiltration of pathogens, as well as the dehydration process. Skin aging can be divided into two types of processes: intrinsic, or chronological aging, and extrinsic aging.  The agents presented here were chosen as representatives of some of the most commonly used types of anti-aging therapeutics.
  • 697
  • 13 Apr 2023
  • Page
  • of
  • 17
Featured Entry Collections
>>

Featured Books

>>
Encyclopedia of COVID-19
Encyclopedia of Engineering
Encyclopedia of Social Sciences
Encyclopedia of Digital Society, Industry 5.0 and Smart City
Academic Video Service
Feedback