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Topic Review
Fuzzy Cognitive Maps
The daily tasks that the human being develops in any context are complex and dynamic. The variables that are part of a study object can be simplified in concepts that are linked to the problem. In this context, the Fuzzy Cognitive Maps (FCMs) make it easier to synthesize the information related to the problem. This study seeks to identify the variables that not influence the return of agricultural graduates to the rural sector. For this, FCMs tool and hierarchical cluster were applied. Interviews were held with academic experts in the field of rural development and managers of agricultural planning. Eighteen categorized variables were identified in the study, of which five were strategies for agricultural development. These were: (1) state policies for rural development, (2) quality academic training, (3) training in innovation and entrepreneurship, (4) national research and university extension programs, and (5) associative cooperativism. The identification of these variables helps state authorities and universities to design strategies that promote the participation of agricultural graduates in the rural production sector.
  • 1.1K
  • 27 Oct 2020
Topic Review
COVID-19 Pandemic and LGBTQ+ Youth
Given the well-established health disparities between lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, queer, and gender-expansive (LGBTQ+) and cisgender, straight youth, scholars predicted the COVID-19 pandemic would disproportionately impact LGBTQ+ students.
  • 1.1K
  • 16 Jan 2023
Topic Review
Assessment Tools Measuring Fundamental Movement Skills of Children
Childhood is the most sensitive period for the development of fundamental movement skills (FMS). The assessments also help identify strengths and weaknesses in coordination, balance, agility and other important skills.
  • 1.1K
  • 05 Dec 2023
Topic Review Peer Reviewed
Supporting Doctoral Students in Crisis
A doctoral student is one undertaking the highest level of university study, leading to a doctoral qualification (of which the traditional and most common form is the PhD), that typically requires they demonstrate a significant contribution to knowledge and their own preparedness to undertake independent research. Crisis in this entry is taken to be a time of great difficulty or a time when a difficult or important decision must be made. In the context of doctoral students, a crisis often brings a threat to the completion of the doctorate.
  • 1.1K
  • 19 Oct 2023
Topic Review
A healthy socioemotional foundation in education
In the early school years, the emphasis is more and more on cognitive output factors. Non-cognitive development is receiving less attention than before, though such factors are important determinants of academic success. This study focuses on socioemotional characteristics, more specifically, on attitudes, behavior, and relationships of 6500 grade 2 pupils who participated in the representative Dutch large-scale cohort study COOL5-18. The results showed that the teachers rated their pupil’s work attitude as lower than their behavior and popularity. They were more positive regarding their relationship with the pupils. More important was that there were differences according to the pupils’ social and ethnic/immigrant backgrounds: ethnic minority/immigrant pupils scored less positive on all non-cognitive characteristics than native Dutch pupils, and the higher the parental educational level, the more favorable their children performed on the non-cognitive characteristics. These findings are discussed and possible solutions are presented.
  • 1.1K
  • 20 Apr 2022
Topic Review
Transfer-Appropriate Processing
Transfer-appropriate processing (TAP) is a type of state-dependent memory specifically showing that memory performance is not only determined by the depth of processing (where associating meaning with information strengthens the memory; see levels-of-processing effect), but by the relationship between how information is initially encoded and how it is later retrieved.
  • 1.1K
  • 03 Nov 2022
Topic Review
Educational Technology as a Support Tool
A “Specific Learning Difficulty” (SLD) is considered to be the affectation and involvement of language, reading, writing, and/or calculation at a cognitive level. In the field of educational technology, there is a great deal of research that seeks to develop educational inclusion. Emerging technologies, such as Augmented Reality (AR), Virtual Reality (VR), the Semantic Web, or Artificial Intelligence (AI), are fundamental in the development of this new context.
  • 1.1K
  • 01 Jun 2022
Topic Review
Media Education.
Media Education is an educational discipline focused on critical and conscious engagement with media and their languages, regarded as complex cultural artifacts, it serves as a preparatory phase aimed at developing interpretative and critical skills regarding the media themselves. The objective is to promote a deep understanding of media as cultural and social phenomena, emphasizing that they are not merely technical tools but carriers of meanings and values that shape perceptions of reality and identity formation. This entry explores the evolution of Media Education, from the 1982 UNESCO Grünwald Declaration to recent international initiatives, highlighting the role of the Media Educator as a facilitator in integrating digital technologies into educational contexts. Key aspects include the rejection of an “apocalyptic” vision of the new media (quoting Umberto Eco), the focus on media as carriers of meaning, and the promotion of critical and creative skills essential for navigating the complexities of contemporary digital culture.
  • 1.1K
  • 21 Jan 2025
Topic Review
SCIgen
SCIgen is a paper generator that uses context-free grammar to randomly generate nonsense in the form of computer science research papers. Its original data source was a collection of computer science papers downloaded from CiteSeer. All elements of the papers are formed, including graphs, diagrams, and citations. Created by scientists at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, its stated aim is "to maximize amusement, rather than coherence." Originally created in 2005 to expose the lack of scrutiny of submissions to conferences, the generator subsequently became used, primarily by Chinese academics, to create large numbers of fraudulent conference submissions, leading to the retraction of 122 SCIgen generated papers and the creation of detection software to combat its use.
  • 1.1K
  • 03 Nov 2022
Topic Review
Through the COVID-19 to Prospect Online School Learning
Online learning has been a trend in education globally since the 1980s. There are several similar concepts such as E-learning, online education, distance education, and digital learning. They refer to an educational model incorporating information and communication technologies (ICTs) into the classroom and students’ learning process. As higher education increasingly incorporates online learning, numerous studies have emerged on the online learning experiences of college students. There are several well-established types of online learning, such as the MOOC, and there are already examples of online learning replacing traditional classroom instruction in higher education and adult education. Many colleges are now providing online undergraduate and graduate degrees. Unlike the practice of online education in the higher education sector, online learning in the K-12 sector is more commonly used as a supplement to traditional school education. Online education courses and programs designed for high school students are mostly private, after-school, and voluntary. Also, most online courses for younger students require parental or adult teaching assistants to participate in supervision. Online learning during the COVID-19 pandemic had several characteristics. First, it was the first large-scale online learning of its kind to be conducted both nationally and globally; second, it was for regular school learning rather than remediation or additional learning after school; and third, it was required of all school teachers and students rather than optional. In this way, the large-scale school learning that was forced to move online during the pandemic gave people an unprecedented opportunity to explore how online learning was implemented.
  • 1.1K
  • 21 Jul 2022
Topic Review
Educational Neuroscience
Compared to other primates, humans are late bloomers, with exceptionally long childhood and adolescence. The extensive developmental period of humans is thought to facilitate the learning processes required for the growth and maturation of the complex human brain. During the first two and a half decades of life, the human brain is a construction site, and learning processes direct its shaping through experience-dependent neuroplasticity. Formal and informal learning, which generates long-term and accessible knowledge, is mediated by neuroplasticity to create adaptive structural and functional changes in brain networks. Since experience-dependent neuroplasticity is at full force during school years, it holds a tremendous educational opportunity. In order to fulfill this developmental and learning potential, educational practices should be human-brain-friendly and “ride” the neuroplasticity wave. Neuroscience can inform educators about the natural learning mechanisms of the brain to support student learning.
  • 1.1K
  • 29 Jan 2023
Topic Review
Sustainable Development Education Keys
UNESCO states that the fundamental mission of Education for Sustainable Development (ESD) is to develop students’ capacity to make informed decisions and take actions that contribute to building a just society for present and future generations. In this sense, ESD aims to enable present generations to meet their needs while providing the opportunity for future generations to meet theirs.
  • 1.1K
  • 26 Jan 2022
Topic Review
Chinese Teachers' Perspectives on Early Childhood Education
Early childhood education (ECE) has long been neglected in China, causing the widely reported “3A” problems: accessibility (difficult to enter a kindergarten), affordability (expensive tuition), and accountability (poor quality and no monitoring system). To solve these problems, the central government promulgated the Several Views on the Development of Preschool Education by the State Council and Outline of China’s National Plan for Medium and Long-term Education Reform and Development (2010–2020) in 2010, aiming to enable more children to receive adequate and satisfactory ECE services.
  • 1.1K
  • 31 Mar 2023
Topic Review
Encyclopedia MDPI
The Encyclopedia is a scholarly project initiated by MDPI in 2018, leveraging the power of knowledge and innovation. Its goal is to showcase the latest research findings and provide reliable information for both researchers and the general public seeking accurate and advanced insights on specific topics. The Encyclopedia project comprises three main components: the Encyclopedia platform, the Encyclopedia Journal, and the Encyclopedia Book. The Encyclopedia platform welcomes videos, entries, and images. Authors of high-quality written entries on the platform may be encouraged to submit their work to the journal for peer review and publication, and related entries may be compiled into a Encyclopedia book.
  • 1.1K
  • 15 Jan 2025
Topic Review
Spiral Emotion Labor and Teacher Development Sustainability
Because the current literature on teachers’ emotion labor (EL) mainly focuses on strategies and how EL correlates with relevant factors in the educational context, EL is generally treated as static and synchronic. Teachers’ EL has been conceptualized as a contextual and dynamic process that takes the form of spiral circles that teachers encounter throughout their professional life. 
  • 1.1K
  • 18 Feb 2022
Topic Review
A Primer for Design and Systems Thinkers
Teaching students to think in complex systems and design is presumably intricate, creative, and nonlinear. However, due to the overwhelming number of standardized tools and frameworks, the process sometimes ends up being procedural and deductive. Conformity to rigid procedures loses the intention of creative problem-solving towards tackling wicked problems.
  • 1.1K
  • 25 Jan 2024
Topic Review
Linking Character Strengths and Key Competencies in Education/Arts
Positive education, as a method for the positive development of students’ personality, embodies the 24 character strengths that Peterson and Seligman developed in their studies and that are necessary for new professional profiles. This new social and work landscape inspired supranational institutions, such as the European Union, to develop theories for new educational systems. These Key Competencies seek the comprehensive training of students, on not only the cognitive but the socioemotional plane, as occurs with arts education. 
  • 1.1K
  • 19 Apr 2022
Topic Review
Online News Articles and Selling Price of Onions
Onions are used as an essential ingredient in various dishes. Onion price fluctuations are influenced by a variety of factors, both internal and external.
  • 1.1K
  • 19 Sep 2023
Topic Review
E-Scaffolding and Virtual Learning Environments in Education
Educational institutions around the world were forced to suspend traditional classroom activities as part of the preventive actions taken to limit the spread of COVID-19. This has led to an increased interest in using e-learning, and the use of computers, mobile devices, and technology in general has become crucial across the curricula. Three-dimensional (3D) virtual environments are a good choice for this purpose. E-scaffolding is a way to provide temporary support and direction to learners during the learning process to help them to complete new learning tasks and to encourage them to build knowledge by themselves.
  • 1.1K
  • 02 Aug 2022
Topic Review
Role of Mobile Learning in Education
Due to the considerable technological breakthroughs in the education sector, new tools have been developed to improve learning. Motivating students to use new devices for learning rather than just for amusement, however, is a difficulty. The COVID-19 pandemic prompted the adoption of technological devices for course delivery, thereby highlighting the significance of mobile learning (m-learning) and allowing educators, students, and other stakeholders in the education sector to recognize its potential, advantages, drawbacks, and challenges. 
  • 1.1K
  • 29 Jun 2023
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