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Topic Review
Physical Activity, Diet, Gut Microbiota
The human gut microbiota has been defined as the entire collection of microbes (bacteria, archaea, eukarya, and viruses) living as a complex ecosystem in our gastrointestinal tract, coevolved with humankind. Diet have a fundamental role in determining gut microbiota composition and diversity. 
  • 856
  • 16 Jun 2021
Topic Review
Health-Related Quality of Life of Patients with Tuberculosis
Tuberculosis (TB) is a major killer and cause of human suffering worldwide and imposes a substantial reduction in patients’ health-related quality of life (HRQoL). HRQoL indicates the consciousness of patients regarding their physical and mental health. HRQoL is markedly impaired in patients with TB. The factors affecting HRQoL differ with active and latent TB, socio-demographics, socio-economic status, presence of co-infections, etc.
  • 852
  • 01 Aug 2022
Topic Review
COVID-19 Effect on Fertility
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has spread over the world, having a huge impact on people’s lives and health. The respiratory system is often targeted in people with the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). The virus can also infect many organs and tissues in the body, including the reproductive system.
  • 851
  • 03 Aug 2022
Topic Review
Aspergillus Section Fumigati in Firefighter Headquarters
Aspergillus species are filamentous fungi commonly observed in different environmental compartments such as soil, water and air, with an emphasis on decaying vegetation, seeds and grains, where they prosper as saprophytes. Aspergillus species are also found in different indoor environments, and some species are considered opportunistic pathogens for humans. Aspergillus conidia can be abundant in outdoor and indoor environments and are easily dispersed in the air depending on the developed activities. Since the conidia are very small, they are easily inhaled and may colonize the upper and lower respiratory tract of exposed individuals. Aspergillus section Fumigati is one of the Aspergillus sections more frequently related to respiratory symptoms due to the small size of the conidia, thermotolerance, its nutritional versatility, and several other virulence factors . Additionally, the development of resistance to antifungal drugs, mainly in this Aspergillus section, is a phenomenon with growing prevalence in Europe, being associated with therapeutic failure and high mortality rates.
  • 845
  • 14 Oct 2021
Topic Review
Indoor Environmental Quality, Pupils’ Health, and Academic Performance
Indoor environmental quality (IEQ) relates to the conditions that exist within a building; these include indoor air quality (IAQ), thermal conditions, visual (e.g., lighting) and aural (e.g., noise) comfort, and their potential effects on building occupants. Classrooms have more students per square meter than other buildings such as offices, making them more crowded. Poor IEQ has been shown to influence learning and concentration, as well as impact the long-term health of students. A continuous classroom IEQ research review and appraisal are needed to summarize existing knowledge, which can help other researchers avoid research duplication and identify research gaps for future studies.
  • 842
  • 01 Sep 2023
Topic Review
Reducing Postpartum Weight Retention
Postpartum weight retention (PPWR) is a strong predictor of obesity in later life with long term health consequences in women. Suboptimal lifestyle behaviours (e.g. diet and physical activity) contribute to PPWR. Postpartum lifestyle interventions are known to be efficacious in reducing PPWR, however there are challenges to their successful implementation. 
  • 841
  • 22 Jun 2021
Topic Review
Toxic Effects of Poly-Fluoroalkyl Substances in Organisms
More than 7000 synthetic compounds known as per- and poly-fluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are applied to food packaging and other materials to provide fat, fire, and/or water resistance properties. These compounds have exceptional environmental stability and persistence due to the strong C-F chemical bond, earning them the moniker “forever chemicals”. Emission of PFAS from industrial waste leads to water, air, and soil contamination. Due to this ubiquitous nature, combined with the fact that PFAS in humans are known to have carcinogenic and reprotoxic effects and to cause vaccine resistance and depression of the immunity system, PFAS may constitute a major threat to human health. For this reason, the attention of the scientific community and of control bodies is increasing and as a consequence legislation and the scientific literature on PFAS are constantly evolving.
  • 835
  • 19 Jun 2023
Topic Review
Creating Interprofessional Readiness for Complex and Aging Adults
A successful interprofessional faculty development program was transformed into a more clinically focused professional development opportunity for both faculty and clinicians. Discipline-specific geriatric competencies and the Interprofessional Education Collaborative (IPEC) competencies were aligned to the 4Ms framework. The goal of the resulting program, Creating Interprofessional Readiness for Complex and Aging Adults (CIRCAA), was to advance an age-friendly practice using evidence-based strategies to support wellness and improve health outcomes while also addressing the social determinants of health (SDOH). 
  • 834
  • 07 Jun 2022
Topic Review
High-Intensity Interval Training in Youth
Development of innovative and time-efficient strategies to involve youth in physical activity is pivotal in the actual inactivity pandemic. Moreover, physical activity may improve academic performance, of great interest for educators. This entry aimed to analyze the effects of high-intensity interval training (HIIT) on cognitive performance and psychological outcomes in youth. 
  • 833
  • 08 Jun 2021
Topic Review
Evacuation Solutions for Individuals with Functional Limitations
The built environment continues to become increasingly accessible to people with disabilities, yet there remains a lack of focus on how these individuals are evacuated in emergencies. Studies highlight the importance of tailoring solutions to the needs of individuals with different functional limitations. There are six main evacuation solution types: notification, wayfinding, egress, building design, strategy, and training programs. 
  • 832
  • 31 Jan 2024
Topic Review
The Potential of Exerkines in Women’s COVID-19
Exerkines are a group of promising molecules that may underlie the beneficial effects of physical exercise in diseases. The idea of exerkines is to understand the effects of physical exercise on diseases better. Exerkines have a high potential for the treatment of diseases and, considering that, there is still no study of the importance of exerkines on the most dangerous disease in the world in recent years, COVID-19.
  • 830
  • 05 Dec 2022
Topic Review
Influence of Work on Andropause and Menopause
Work-related factors, such as stress and pollutant exposure, affect gonadal function and can interfere with reproduction in both genders. Work-related factors, such as psychological stress, physical effort, and sleep disorders, showed a significant correlation with andropause manifestations, whereas age at menopause and severity of menopausal symptoms were both influenced by factors such as pesticide exposure, high job strain, and repetitive work. 
  • 829
  • 09 Oct 2021
Topic Review
Pets as Sentinels for Environmental Pollution
Sentinels are organisms whose characteristics (including health status) change due to acute or chronic effects in a given environment that can be evaluated (monitored) through serial surveillance. 
  • 828
  • 26 Sep 2023
Topic Review
Virtual Exercise and Training
The global internet (Internet of Things, IoT) and innovative information and communication technologies (IT/ICT) are already ubiquitous in the social and individual lives of people. Among them, a very significant role is played by Extended Reality (XR) and its classic components such as Virtual (VR), Augmented (AR) and Mixed (MR) Reality. There are many indications that these modern technologies (XR, i.e., VR/AR/MR, and 3D printing/scanning, holography, artificial intelligence and machine learning, robotics or online (VR) tele-medicine) will be the basis and determinants of the organization and functioning of contemporary and future generations.
  • 827
  • 12 Apr 2023
Topic Review
Vaccine versus Variants
With the emergence and spread of new SARS-CoV-2 variants, concerns are raised about the effectiveness of the existing vaccines to protect against these new variants. Although many vaccines were found to be highly effective against the reference COVID-19 strain, the same level of protection may not be found against mutation strains. 
  • 826
  • 17 Nov 2021
Topic Review
Farm Biosecurity and Antimicrobial Usage in Food Animals
With the limited alternatives for antimicrobials, farm biosecurity (and herd management) is considered a promising tool to mitigate the non-judicious AMU and to maintain animal health, production, and welfare.
  • 826
  • 25 May 2023
Topic Review
Protective Textiles against Biological Threats
The development of protective clothing is crucial nowadays, as there are increased levels of harmful biological threats, both for military forces and civilians.
  • 826
  • 29 Apr 2022
Topic Review
Neighbourhood Socioeconomic Processes and Dynamics and Healthy Ageing
Elderly citizens are concentrated in urban areas and are particularly affected by the immediate residential environment. Cities are unequal and segregated places, where there is an intensification of urban change processes such as gentrification and displacement. Since older adults spend most of their time in their nearby neighbourhood environment due to physical, emotional, and financial reasons, it is essential to understand how the neighbourhood environment affects this population's health. 
  • 823
  • 10 Jun 2022
Topic Review
Effectiveness of Physical-Activity-Based Interventions Targeting Overweight and Obesity
Overweight and obesity, including their prevalence and consequences, reflect a leading public health problem. Studies have already shown that physical activity leads to a reduction in body weight in children and adults. It is already known that physical activity is an essential component of combating overweight and obesity. Being overweight causes cardiovascular diseases, diabetes, musculoskeletal disorders, and different types of cancer. According to the WHO, the prevalence of obesity has almost tripled since 1975. In 2016, 1.9 billion people aged 18 years and older were overweight, of which 650 million individuals were considered obese.
  • 820
  • 01 Sep 2022
Topic Review
The Association between Physical Environment and Externalising Problems
The physical environment is of critical importance to child development. Understanding how exposure to physical environmental domains such as greenspace, urbanicity, air pollution or noise affects aggressive behaviours in typical and neurodiverse children is of particular importance given the significant long-term impact of those problems.Noise, air pollution, urbanicity, spatial density, colour and humidity appeared to increase the display of aggressive behaviours. There was a dearth of studies on the role of the physical environment in neurodiverse children. Studies were heterogeneous and measured a range of aggressive behaviours from symptoms to full syndromes. Greenspace exposure was the most common domain studied but certainty of evidence for the association between environmental exposures and aggression problems in the child or young person was low across all domains. 
  • 817
  • 15 Feb 2023
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