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Topic Review
Factors Influencing Community Health Workers’ Preparedness for ICT
Globally, community health workers (CHWs) are increasingly viewed as an integral part of the health system as opposed to simply being an extension of it. Given this view, most low- or middle-income countries (LMICs) have refocused their efforts on reorganising CHW initiatives to maximise their impact. In 2011, the South African Department of Health formally integrated community health workers (CHWs) into the national health system to strengthen primary healthcare delivery following the Universal Health Coverage (UHC) principles and the South African National Development Plan 2030. Several studies have found that most CHWs are comfortable providing clinical treatment but are unsure how to translate epidemiological and socio-demographic data into relevant information for service delivery. Information and communication technology (ICT) provides a viable mechanism for assisting CHWs with information appropriation.
  • 895
  • 29 Jan 2023
Topic Review
Low-Carbon Scheduling of Flexible Manufacturing and Crane Transportation
Manufacturing companies surveyed use multifunctional machining machines and variable speed cranes, as the lack of rational planning results in high energy wastage and low productivity.
  • 886
  • 27 Sep 2023
Topic Review
Methanol as a Biochemical and Bioenergy Carrier
There is a growing interest in the production of biofuels and biochemicals from renewable biomass. Biomass in the form of woody and agricultural residues, municipal solid waste and other organic refuse is becoming popular as a feedstock for biofuel and biochemical production through thermochemical and biological routes. Methanol, a widely used industrial chemical, also has clean fuel properties due to its high-octane number, low flammability, low emissions and high engine performance.
  • 885
  • 04 Jan 2024
Topic Review
Consequences of COVID-19 on Health, Economy, and Tourism
This is an explanation of COVID-19 impacts on the aspects of health, economy, and tourism, focusing on Asia. The consequences and the main concerned direct and indirect stakeholders has been presented. In addition, the connection between the three aspects based on the impact of COVID-19, which still continues to intensify, and strategies to prepare for the future pandemic situations are also described.
  • 884
  • 29 Apr 2022
Topic Review
Postal Digital Transformation Dynamics
The system dynamics approach revealed that the postal sector can be described as a complex phenomenon due to intricate interdependent variables that interact in a dynamic setting. The complex nature of the postal sector is further amplified by multiple feedback systems of non-linear relations. 
  • 880
  • 18 Oct 2023
Topic Review
Flight Scheduling, Fleet Assignment, and Aircraft Routing Problems
Airlines face the imperative of resource management to curtail costs, necessitating the solution of several optimization problems such as flight planning, fleet assignment, aircraft routing, and crew scheduling. These problems present some challenges.
  • 870
  • 03 Jan 2024
Topic Review
Non-Thermal Technologies for Wine Production
In winemaking, sulfur dioxide (SO2) is often used at different stages in the production process (e.g., after harvesting the fruit, after crushing, added to the must before fermentation, before maturation, before bottling). SO2 has the ability to control oxidative processes including polyphenol oxidase and to inhibit Maillard reactions. If left untreated, oxidation can lead to a decrease in the sensorial and nutritional quality of wine.  The use of non-thermal or cold pasteurization technologies for wine preservation was reviewed. The effect of pulsed electric fields (PEF), high pressure processing (HPP), power ultrasound (US), ultraviolet irradiation (UV), high pressure homogenization (HPH), filtration and low electric current (LEC) on wine quality and microbial inactivation was explored and the technologies were compared
  • 859
  • 29 Sep 2021
Topic Review
Over-the-Top Platforms’ Usability
OTT (over-the-top) streaming is a subscription-based video service model that delivers video-on-demand content, films, and series directly to end-users over the Internet, bypassing the need for traditional satellite receiver systems. The most popular OTT service providers include Netflix, Hulu, Amazon Prime, and Disney+. During the COVID-19 pandemic, the viewership rates and subscriber numbers for OTT platforms rapidly increased. Like various other products and systems, usability problems can substantially impact user satisfaction, loyalty, and the intention to continue using OTT services. Therefore, this study aimed to conceptualize the usability of OTT platforms and develop an OTT Usability Measurement Scale for the usability evaluation of OTT platforms based on the Apple tvOS Guidelines and the literature. OTT platform usability was conceptualized with nine constructs, including Accessibility and Customization, Account Management, Data Entry and Search, Branding, Privacy, Navigation, Help, Content, and Design, and the concepts were measured with a scale including 48 items. The validity of the developed scale was tested through two separate survey studies conducted with Netflix web application users.
  • 858
  • 25 Dec 2023
Topic Review
Robust Composite Materials for Transmission Conductors
The demand for electricity has increased drastically due to population explosion globally. Unfortunately, supply does not meet the demand. Consequently, the transmission grid becomes overloaded, culminating in frequent power outages. It was observed that besides inherent conductor defects, overloading, bush fire, short-circuit, harsh weather, and lightning were the factors that ravage the transmission grid. There is a need to develop more robust conductor materials that can withstand these challenges.
  • 857
  • 24 Aug 2022
Topic Review
Surface Charge Accumulation on Insulators in DC GILs
Gas-insulated power transmission lines (GILs) can replace cables and overhead transmission lines, playing an important role in DC transmission systems. However, the influence of surface charge accumulation on insulation reliability cannot be ignored as the operational voltage of the DC GIL increases. 
  • 849
  • 30 Aug 2023
Topic Review
Circular Economy Implementation
The circular economy, as a promising response to sustainability issues, is a crucible for carefully designed ecofriendly actions and integrative mechanisms in enterprises, households, and societies for the attainment of the desired outcomes. It is in this context that CE strategies are examined, with the use of metrics, indicators, and standards. The desired outcomes of the CE are well embedded and articulated in the sustainable development goals that the UN and its member countries have vowed to achieve along a designated timeline.
  • 830
  • 15 Jun 2021
Topic Review
Digital Circular Business Models
The concept of circular economy (CE) is receiving increasing attention worldwide as a way to overcome the issues of the current production and consumption model. It requires companies to rethink their supply chains and business models (BM). The CE is a regenerative economic system that necessitates a paradigm shift to replace the end of life (EoL) concept with reducing, alternatively reusing, recycling, and recovering materials throughout the supply chain, with the aim of promoting value maintenance and sustainable development, creating environmental quality, economic development, and social equity, to the benefit of current and future generations.
  • 823
  • 29 Nov 2023
Topic Review
Maintenance Strategies in Industry
Maintaining equipment in good condition is an important issue in the production process. Appropriate service and maintenance contribute to a high level of availability and reduce production downtimes. On the other hand, in power plants, maintenance costs represent a significant financial expense. Therefore, it is essential to achieve acceptable production results while optimizing service costs.
  • 811
  • 19 Jul 2023
Topic Review
Measuring Process Innovation Performance at State-Owned Companies
Several state-owned companies (SOEs) have successfully implemented process innovation. Human resources and organizational factors, such as leadership, problem understanding, strategy, and culture, affected the success of process innovation in SOEs, even more than the research and development budget, support, and commitment factor of a given company. Meanwhile, cost efficiency was the main factor driving a company’s motivation to implement process innovation. The success factors in implementing process innovation are an essential consideration for the management of other SOEs eager to improve their company’s innovation performance, especially process innovation. Success factors were carried out comprehensively for all implementation indicators of process innovation, including inputs, process (idea generation, idea selection, and idea implementation), outputs and outcomes, diffusion, culture, strategies, and push and pull factors. 
  • 809
  • 06 Jun 2022
Topic Review
Circular Economy, Industry 4.0 and Supply Chain
The vertical disintegration of companies has increased the complexity of management in terms of time and quality and increased uncertainty in the markets, making it impossible today for companies to compete effectively if they are isolated from their suppliers and other stakeholders. In this context, adopting the concept of supply chains (SCs) is increasingly essential for a company’s performance. Moreover, two themes are being increasingly discussed in the context of SCs, the circular economy (CE) and Industry 4.0 (I4.0). The CE paradigm consists of a possible way to achieve environmental objectives and economic sustainability by developing systemic changes that go beyond the individual company and involve the other actors in the SC, contributing to adding value to a product and/or service
  • 807
  • 26 May 2022
Topic Review
Intelligent Edge Devices for Predictive Maintenance on IMMs
A considerable part of enterprises’ total expenses is dedicated to maintenance interventions. Predictive maintenance (PdM) has appeared as a solution to decrease these costs; however, the necessity of end-to-end solutions in deploying predictive models and the fact that these models are often difficult to interpret by maintenance practitioners hinder the adoption of PdM approaches.
  • 805
  • 05 Jul 2023
Topic Review
Life Cycle Thinking for a Circular Bioeconomy
The circular bioeconomy (CBE) is an increasingly popular method used to add value to bio-based products. However, these products entail impacts on sustainability that can be assessed by life cycle thinking (LCT). LCT is an approach to assess the impacts of products throughout their life cycles by using different tools, namely: (environmental) life cycle assessment (LCA), life cycle costing (LCC), social life cycle assessment (SLCA) and life cycle sustainability assessment (LCSA), which is a combination of the three and aims to assess the impacts of all of the three dimensions of sustainability.
  • 795
  • 18 Sep 2023
Topic Review
Circular Product Readiness Method
Design indicators can be used by companies to track circular design implementation, which can yield insights into their performance and opportunities for improvement. Existing indicator methods either lack depth with regard to circular design, are incomplete, or do not use design semantics.
  • 791
  • 24 Feb 2023
Topic Review
UX in AR-Supported Industrial Human–Robot Collaborative Tasks
The fourth industrial revolution is promoting the Operator 4.0 paradigm, originating from a renovated attention towards human factors, growingly involved in the design of modern, human-centered processes. New technologies, such as augmented reality or collaborative robotics are thus increasingly studied and progressively applied to solve the modern operators’ needs. Human-centered design approaches can help to identify user’s needs and functional requirements, solving usability issues, or reducing cognitive or physical stress. 
  • 790
  • 14 Jan 2022
Topic Review
Mechanical Properties of WSF Sandwich Composite Plate
The woven spacer fabric (WSF) sandwich composite plate is mainly used in carriages, construction materials, shock absorbers, wind-turbine blades, etc., which require WSF sandwich composite plates with bending, compression, impact, shear, and peel performance. These properties are reviewed herein. More attention will be paid to mechanical research of WSF sandwich composite panels should use non-destructive testing technology.
  • 788
  • 20 Sep 2022
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