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Topic Review
Kindness in Health Center
The healthcare workplace is a high-stress environment. All stakeholders, including patients and providers, display evidence of that stress. High stress has several effects. Even acutely, stress can negatively affect cognitive function, worsening diagnostic acumen, decision-making, and problem-solving. It decreases helpfulness. As stress increases, it can progress to burnout and more severe mental health consequences, including depression and suicide. One of the consequences (and causes) of stress is incivility. Both patients and staff can manifest these unkind behaviors, which in turn have been shown to cause medical errors. The human cost of errors is enormous, reflected in thousands of lives impacted every year. The economic cost is also enormous, costing at least several billion dollars annually in the US alone. The warrant for promoting kindness, therefore, is enormous. Kindness creates positive interpersonal connections, which, in turn, buffers stress and fosters resilience. Kindness, therefore, is not just a nice thing to do: it is critically important in the workplace. Ways to promote kindness, including leadership modeling positive behaviors as well as the deterrence of negative behaviors, are essential.
  • 702
  • 13 Jun 2023
Topic Review
Depression-Risk Mental Pattern
Depression was reportedly one of the most common mental disorders among college students in China, with an incidence rate between 15% and 35%. Several explanations have been posited: undergraduates were confronted with numerous stressful life events inherent to adolescence and emerging adulthood, such as establishing their identity, emotional turmoil, achieving independence, entering unfamiliar environments, striving for academic performance, and selecting an occupation. 
  • 701
  • 24 Nov 2022
Topic Review
Partner’s Perceived Social Support Influences Their Spouse’s Inflammation
Social support has been linked to lower cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. However, most studies have examined perceived support as an intrapersonal construct. A dyadic approach to social support highlights how interdependence between individuals within relationships, including partner perceptions and interactions, can influence one’s health. 
  • 699
  • 25 Jan 2022
Topic Review
Definitional Skills as a Bridge towards School Achievement
Definition is a complex linguistic and metalinguistic skill that allows explicitation and clarification of concepts and meanings. Our research showed that scientific school-subjects marks (i.e., Math and Science) are more predictive of definitional skills than linguistic school marks are (i.e., Italian and English). Results, yet preliminary, suggest that definitional skills are predicted from levels of competence acquired especially in scientific subjects that request a high degree of formal/organized learning. 
  • 699
  • 07 Feb 2022
Topic Review
Anatomical Characteristics of the Penis and Sexual Dysfunction
Premature ejaculation and erectile dysfunction are common male sexual dysfunctions worldwide, causing substantial distress in men as well as their partners and decreasing the quality and stability of romantic relationships.
  • 694
  • 26 Feb 2024
Topic Review
Evaluation and Intervention of ADHD
Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is one of the most common childhood disorders, affecting between 5.9% and 7.2% of the infant and adolescent population. The fifth edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders describes ADHD as a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by a persistent pattern of inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity manifesting in children before the age of 12 years old more frequently and with greater severity than expected in children of equivalent ages. Depending on the predominant symptoms, three types of presentation may be identified: predominantly hyperactive-impulsive, predominantly inattentive, and combined.
  • 693
  • 27 Jan 2022
Topic Review
Community Resilience after Disasters
Despite the potentially catastrophic nature of disasters, survivors can be highly resilient. Resilience, the capacity to successfully adapt to adversity, is both individual and collective. Policymakers and academics have recently emphasised the importance of community resilience, but with little consideration of local survivors’ perspectives, particularly young survivors within low- and middle-income countries.
  • 692
  • 10 Jan 2024
Topic Review
Videogame-Based Learning
The game characteristic of human interaction has a large positive effect on affective states, and a small but significant effect on declarative knowledge. Additionally, perceived value and active learning were important mechanisms through which human interaction impacted affective states. These emerging areas of research show there are potential avenues for continued research in the application of game-based training and education.
  • 690
  • 12 May 2022
Topic Review
The Short-Term Retention of Depth
Research on the visual working memory for information portrayed by items arranged in depth (i.e., distance to the observer) within peri-personal space, are here described. Most items lose their metric depths within half a second, even though their identities and spatial positions are retained. The paradoxical loss of depth information may arise because visual working memory retains the depth of a single object for the purpose of actions such as pointing or grasping which usually apply to only one thing at a time.
  • 681
  • 10 Feb 2022
Topic Review
Methods and Acceptance of Cognitive Enhancement
With advances in new technologies, the topic of cognitive enhancement has been at the center of public debates in recent years. Various enhancement methods (e.g., brain stimulation, smart drugs, or working memory training) promise improvements in one’s cognitive abilities such as intelligence and memory. Although these methods have been rather ineffective so far, they are mostly available to the general public and can be applied individually. As applying enhancement might be accompanied by certain risks, it is important to understand which individuals seek to enhance themselves. 
  • 680
  • 16 Jun 2023
Topic Review
Spatial Attention Focus, Awareness in Emotion Processing
Emotional faces constitute important social information in the daily life. Expressions like fear can act as cues for potential threats in the environment and are therefore thought to be prioritised for attention. The relationship between attention and emotion processing have focused essentially on consciously-viewed, supraliminal stimuli, while the attention-emotion interplay remains unexplored in situations where visual awareness is restricted.
  • 668
  • 08 Jul 2022
Topic Review
Gestures for Learning Vocabulary in a Foreign Language
The findings suggest that iconic gestures can serve as an effective tool for learning vocabulary in a foreign language (FL), particularly when the gestures align with the meaning of the words. Furthermore, the active performance of gestures helps counteract the negative effects associated with inconsistencies between gestures and word meanings. Consequently, if a choice must be made, an FL learning strategy in which learners acquire words while making gestures congruent with their meaning would be highly desirable.
  • 663
  • 15 Jan 2024
Topic Review
Importance of Contextual Effects in Models of Anthropomorphism
The increasing presence of robots in our society raises questions about how these objects are perceived by users. Individuals seem inclined to attribute human capabilities to robots, a phenomenon called anthropomorphism. Contrary to what intuition might suggest, these attributions vary according to different factors, not only robotic factors (related to the robot itself), but also situational factors (related to the interaction setting), and human factors (related to the user). 
  • 659
  • 29 Aug 2023
Topic Review
Executive Functions and Creativity in Children and Adolescents
Executive functions and creativity could play an important role in children’s education. Creativity is not so much what children know (intelligence) but how they use that information, how they inhibit it and how flexible they are with it. Educational interventions focused on cognitive training are needed to develop creative skills. This would also result in improvements in the students’ academic performance and in the development of skills they will need as future professionals. 
  • 657
  • 14 Jun 2023
Topic Review
VR Social Skills Training in Autism Spectrum Disorder
Poor social skills in autism spectrum disorder (ASD) are associated with reduced independence in daily life. Current interventions for improving the social skills of individuals with ASD fail to represent the complexity of real-life social settings and situations. Virtual reality (VR) may facilitate social skills training in social environments and situations similar to those in real life; however, more research is needed to elucidate aspects such as the acceptability, usability, and user experience of VR systems in ASD. Twenty-five participants with ASD attended a neuropsychological evaluation and three sessions of VR social skills training, which incorporated five social scenarios with three difficulty levels. Participants reported high acceptability, system usability, and user experience. Significant correlations were observed between performance in social scenarios, self-reports, and executive functions. Working memory and planning ability were significant predictors of the functionality level in ASD and the VR system’s perceived usability, respectively. Yet, performance in social scenarios was the best predictor of usability, acceptability, and functionality level. Planning ability substantially predicted performance in social scenarios, suggesting an implication in social skills. Immersive VR social skills training in individuals with ASD appears to be an appropriate service, but an errorless approach that is adaptive to the individual’s needs should be preferred.
  • 657
  • 21 Jul 2023
Topic Review
Machiavellianism and Gift-Giving in Live Video Streaming
With the development of society, especially information technology, the manners of social interaction and entertainment have profoundly changed. In recent years, live streaming platforms (such as Twitch, YouTube Live, and Facebook Live in western countries; AfreecaTV in Korea; YY Live, Douyu TV, and Huya Live in China), where anyone can deliver real-time broadcasts or watch and interact with the streamers, have been increasingly popular around the world. The viewing of live video streaming has become one of the most popular online activities; there are 616 million live streaming users in China, representing 62.4 percent of the Chinese Internet population. To some extent, live video streaming has been a new social media, providing users new manners for social interaction and entertainment.
  • 648
  • 21 Mar 2023
Topic Review
Transgenderizations of the Collective Psyche of Humanity
The evolving collective psyche of humanity reveals a shift from predominantly masculine to increasingly feminine characteristics since around 1500 A.D. This transformation, termed 'transgenderization,' is attributed to identified psychological factors. Remarkably, the collective psyche has undergone similar transitions in the past since the emergence of humanity.
  • 648
  • 21 Feb 2024
Topic Review
Motor Imagery in Healthy Ageing
Motor imagery (MI) describes a dynamic cognitive process where a movement is mentally simulated without taking place and holds potential as a means of stimulating motor learning and regaining motor skills in elderly.
  • 647
  • 11 Nov 2022
Topic Review
Employees’ Readiness for a Career Shift
Today’s organizations are highly responsive to external changes, which they also demand from their employees. All employees need competencies to respond to Industry 4.0, the green business economy, and post-COVID-19 work circumstances and to manage sustainable careers. One way of doing so is to take active part in reskilling projects and be ready for a career shift, which researchers believe can be foreseen in people’s devotion to sustainable careers and can ensure the sustainability of the whole reskilling project.
  • 647
  • 18 Feb 2024
Topic Review
Exploring Sign System Design for a Medical Facility
The National Taiwan University Hospital (NTUH) is a significant institution in modern medicine in Taiwan. Its West Campus, the oldest medical center in the country, has been recognized as a municipal historic site due to its architectural and historical importance. However, visitors have faced navigation difficulties for a long time.
  • 639
  • 20 Jun 2023
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