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Topic Review
Engineered Polymer Nanoparticle
Engineering polymeric nanoparticles for their shape, size, surface chemistry, and functionalization using various targeting molecules has shown improved biomedical applications for nanoparticles. Polymeric nanoparticles have created tremendous therapeutic platforms, particularly applications related to chemo- and immunotherapies in cancer.
  • 823
  • 08 Sep 2021
Topic Review
Biobutanol Blends in Diesel Engines
Fossil fuels have often been partially replaced by renewable fuels to reduce both the environmental impact and the dependence on conventional fuels in internal combustion engines. When butanol is blended with diesel fuels, PM emissions sharply decrease, THC emissions increase and there is no consensus regarding CO and NOx emissions. No startability problems up to 40% butanol content are concluded for tests at warm ambient temperature
  • 820
  • 23 Jun 2021
Topic Review
Supramolecular Adhesive Materials with Antimicrobial Activity
Taking advantage of the dynamic and reversible interactions such as hydrogen bonding, pi-pi stacking, electrostatic interactions, host-guest interactions, hydrophobic effects, and van der Waals interactions, a variety of functional supramolecular adhesive materials have been developed to realize tough bonding on tissues or organs. Non-covalent interactions are widely exploited and proved effective in developing supramolecular polymers and polymer composites with desired mechanical strength, interfacial adhesion, and intelligent, responsive properties. These supramolecular adhesive materials are promising for a range of biomedical applications.
  • 817
  • 25 Aug 2022
Topic Review
3D Printing and Bioprinting for Cardiovascular Tissue Engineering
Recent decades have seen a plethora of regenerating new tissues in order to treat a multitude of cardiovascular diseases. Autografts, xenografts and bioengineered extracellular matrices have been employed in this endeavor. However, current limitations of xenografts and exogenous scaffolds to acquire sustainable cell viability, anti-inflammatory and non-cytotoxic effects with anti-thrombogenic properties underline the requirement for alternative bioengineered scaffolds. Herein, we sought to encompass the methods of biofabricated scaffolds via 3D printing and bioprinting, the biomaterials and bioinks recruited to create biomimicked tissues of cardiac valves and vascular networks. Experimental and computational designing approaches have also been included. Moreover, the in vivo applications of the latest studies on the treatment of cardiovascular diseases have been compiled and rigorously discussed.
  • 816
  • 03 Mar 2022
Topic Review
Fiber-Optical Sensors for Bio-Mechatronics Applications
Bio-mechatronics is an interdisciplinary scientific field that emphasizes the integration of biology and mechatronics to discover innovative solutions for numerous biomedical applications. The broad application spectrum of bio-mechatronics consists of minimally invasive surgeries, rehabilitation, development of prosthetics, and soft wearables to find engineering solutions for the human body. Fiber-optic-based sensors have become an indispensable part of bio-mechatronics systems, which are essential for position detection and control, monitoring measurements, compliance control, and various feedback applications. 
  • 814
  • 01 Dec 2023
Topic Review
Endoscopy Lifetime Systems Architecture
Systems engineering captures the desires and needs of the customer to conceptualize a system from the overall goal down to the small details prior to any physical development. While many systems projects tend to be large and complicated (i.e., cloud-based infrastructure, long-term space travel shuttles, missile defense systems), systems engineering can also be applied to smaller, complex systems. The system of interest is the endoscope, a standard biomedical screening device used in laparoscopic surgery, screening of upper and lower gastrointestinal tracts, and inspection of the upper airway.
  • 809
  • 25 Oct 2022
Topic Review
Geometrical Design of Lattices in Additive Manufacturing
Additive manufacturing (AM, also known as 3D printing) is an advanced manufacturing technique that has enabled progress in the design and fabrication of customised or patient-specific (meta-)biomaterials and biomedical devices (e.g., implants, prosthetics, and orthotics) with complex internal microstructures and tuneable properties. Several design guidelines have been proposed for creating porous lattice structures, particularly for biomedical applications.
  • 806
  • 25 Aug 2022
Topic Review
Pine wilt disease
Pine wilt disease (PWD) is a major quarantine disease that causes the devastating death of Pinus species due to the pine wood nematode (PWN) Bursaphelenchus xylophilus (Steiner and Bührer) Nickle. Because of its rapid onset and spread in addition to the resulting high mortality, this disease is very difficult to control.
  • 803
  • 27 Oct 2020
Topic Review
Smartphone-Enabled Personalized Diagnostics
Smartphones are increasingly versatile thanks to the wide variety of sensor and actuator systems packed in them. Mobile devices today go well beyond their original purpose as communication devices, and this enables important new applications, ranging from augmented reality to the Internet of Things. Personalized diagnostics is one of the areas where mobile devices can have the greatest impact.
  • 802
  • 24 Jun 2021
Topic Review
Wearable Sensing Technology and Long COVID
Long COVID consequences have changed the perception towards disease management, and it is moving towards personal healthcare monitoring. Wearable sensors are being explored for its simplicity, portability, and real time health monitoring system. These smart devices can detect physiological changes in the human body providing a real time solution for quicker medical decision.
  • 802
  • 09 Jan 2023
Topic Review
Biological and Physiological Role of Oxidative Stress
Antioxidants are a class of molecules with an innate affinity to neutralize reactive oxygen species (ROS), which are known to cause oxidative stress. Oxidative stress has been associated with a wide range of diseases mediated by physiological damage to the cells.
  • 793
  • 06 Jan 2022
Topic Review
Graphene Based Materials and Their Antimicrobial Properties
Graphene-based materials are found as excellent resources and employed as efficient anti-microbial agents, and they have been receiving significant attention from scientists and researchers in this regard.
  • 789
  • 12 Nov 2021
Topic Review
CHEMICAL ENGINEERING AND COVID19
The mankind of 2020 century are facing a treamendous challange against Covid19 /  SARS-COV-2 infection . Widespread viral stunt of spreading followed by death are encasulating the whole world including China , U.S , Brazil , Africa , U.K , USSR , Middle East and finally India . On the pandemic face of Corona Virus Chemical Engineers are having many scopes to serve the following areas of specialisations . 1. SAFETY , HEALTH , ENVIRONMENT ( SHE & Public Health ) 2. Molecuar Simulation of newer antivirals with the help of Engineering Mathemations as well as Computation . 3. Emergency Planning including Personnel Protective Equipments ( PPE ) , Health Statistics Record . 4. Scope to scale-up the vaccine production 5. Global economic crunch associated with Crude oil crisis during this pandemic .      
  • 788
  • 07 Nov 2020
Topic Review
NanoBubble-Mediated Oxygenation for Hypoxic Pathologies
Nanobubbles also known as ultra-fine bubbles or sub-micron bubbles, are extremely small gas-filled spherical bodies enclosed by an interface (gas–liquid or gas–solid) with a diameter of less than 1000 nm (i.e., ranging in size from tens to hundreds of nanometers in diameter). In other words, nanobubbles are composed of gas, such as oxygen or nitrogen, encapsulated within a liquid, typically water, and stabilized by a thin layer of molecules at the gas–liquid interface.
  • 786
  • 05 Dec 2023
Topic Review
Supercritical Fluids for the Encapsulation
Encapsulation based on supercritical fluids has shown several advantages as green technology for the production of functional ingredients with enhanced stability and tailored protection from environmental factors. Thanks to the inherent absence of organic solvent, the low temperature of the process to reach the supercritical state and the capacity to dissolve lipid soluble bioactives, it allows obtaining functional ingredient easily designed to tailor the controlled release of the bioactive, or to reach specific levels of taste, odor and color. The present entry aims to highlight the pros and cons of the encapsulation techniques based on supercritical fluids giving emphasis to their innovative aspects that could be of interest to the food industry.
  • 785
  • 25 Dec 2020
Topic Review
First Ray Mobility
Several methods have been described to quantify the first ray mobility. They have certain disadvantages (great size, sophistication, or lack of validation). The objective of this work was to study the validity and reliability of a new instrument for the measurement of first ray mobility. This new device has characteristics that make it possible to be used in daily clinical practice, such as simplicity, lightness, small size and ease of use. The results obtained suggest that the new instrument is valid and reliable.
  • 783
  • 23 Apr 2021
Topic Review
Skeletal Muscle Tissue Engineering
Skeletal muscle (SKM) represents nowadays a complex and arguing tissue to be generated in vitro for tissue engineering purposes. Several attempts have been pursued to develop hydrogels with different formulations resembling in vitro the characteristics of SKM tissue in vivo. Topographical cues have been applied on the hydrogels to guide cellular orientation and facilitate myogenic differentiation of blended myocites and maturation of the constructs. 3D bioprinting technique allows controlled spatial deposition of cells into ECM based hydrogels and provide the proper SKM native-like tissue microenvironment.  
  • 783
  • 27 Oct 2020
Topic Review
Fall Risk Assessment Using Wearable Sensors
Fall risk assessment based on wearable sensors can be performed from a long-term perspective, in which sensor data is used to predict subject’s long-term fall risk based on clinical scale scores, or from a short-term approach, where data collected is used to detect pre-fall/unbalanced situations in real-time and consequently identify fall risk events.
  • 782
  • 24 Feb 2022
Topic Review
Electrochemical Enzyme-based Biosensors
Electrochemical enzyme-based biosensors are analytical devices composed of a bio-recognition material and a transducer.
  • 781
  • 10 May 2021
Topic Review
Chemical Gas Sensors
Nowadays, there is increasing interest in fast, accurate, and highly sensitive smart gas sensors with excellent selectivity boosted by the high demand for environmental safety and healthcare applications. Significant research has been conducted to develop sensors based on novel highly sensitive and selective materials. However, there are still great challenges, specifically in terms of selectivity, which raises the need for combining interdisciplinary fields to build smarter and high-performance gas/chemical sensing devices. This review is divided into two parts: In the first part, we cover the recent developments and limitations of chemresistive gas sensors and in the second part, machine learning is proposed as a potential approach to efficiently tackle these issues through pattern recognition algorithms.
  • 780
  • 27 Apr 2021
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