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Zhong, J. Ball Milling. Encyclopedia. Available online: https://encyclopedia.pub/entry/61191 (accessed on 09 November 2026).
Zhong J. Ball Milling. Encyclopedia. Available at: https://encyclopedia.pub/entry/61191. Accessed November 09, 2026.
Zhong, Jack. "Ball Milling" Encyclopedia, https://encyclopedia.pub/entry/61191 (accessed November 09, 2026).
Zhong, J. (2026, October 21). Ball Milling. In Encyclopedia. https://encyclopedia.pub/entry/61191
Zhong, Jack. "Ball Milling." Encyclopedia. Web. 21 October, 2026.

Ball Milling

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Ball milling is a comminution and activation technique in which a powder is agitated together with hard balls inside a rotating or oscillating vessel. The energy is transferred at the collisions, so the size reduction and the defect density both depend on the ball-to-powder ratio and on the rotation speed [1]. A long enough run refines the crystallite size into the nanometre range and introduces a large density of grain boundaries [2]. In a reactive system the same collisions bring fresh surfaces together and drive a solid-state reaction without a solvent [3]. The contamination from the milling media is the practical limit, since the wear of the balls enters the product [4]. The process is difficult to scale because the specific energy of a laboratory mill falls sharply as the vessel diameter grows [5].

comminution high-energy milling crystallite refinement solid-state reaction ball-to-powder ratio contamination scale-up
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References

  1. Zdujić, M.; Milošević, O.; Karanović, L. Mechanochemical treatment of ZnO and Al2O3 powders by ball milling. Materials Letters 1992, 13, 125-129. [CrossRef]
  2. Hou, D.F.; Li, M.L.; Yan, C.; Zhou, L.; Liu, Z.Y.; Yang, W.; Yang, M.B. Mechanochemical preparation of thermoplastic cellulose oleate by ball milling. Green Chemistry 2021, 23, 2069-2078. [CrossRef]
  3. Zhang, S.; Zhang, S.; Liu, Z.; Yan, K. Mechanochemical remediation of 3,4,3′,4′-tetrachlorobiphenyl (PCB77) contaminated soil by ball milling and a novel technology combining ball milling with dielectric barrier discharge. Chemical Engineering Journal 2024, 497, 154398. [CrossRef]
  4. Shangase, T.P.; Mathabathe, M.N.; Siyasiya, C.W. Mechanochemical Evolution of Ni50Ti30Zr20 Alloy During High-Energy Ball Milling. Crystals 2026, 16, 213. [CrossRef]
  5. Zhang, L.; Tsuzuki, T.; Wang, X. Preparation of cellulose nanofiber from softwood pulp by ball milling. Cellulose 2015, 22, 1729-1741. [CrossRef]
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Subjects: Engineering, Mechanical
Contributor MDPI registered users' name will be linked to their SciProfiles pages. To register with us, please refer to https://encyclopedia.pub/register : Jack Zhong
View Times: 9
Entry Collection: Polymer Concepts
Revisions: 2 times (View History)
Update Date: 23 Oct 2026
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