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Zhong, J. Thermoplastic Polyurethane. Encyclopedia. Available online: https://encyclopedia.pub/entry/61188 (accessed on 09 November 2026).
Zhong J. Thermoplastic Polyurethane. Encyclopedia. Available at: https://encyclopedia.pub/entry/61188. Accessed November 09, 2026.
Zhong, Jack. "Thermoplastic Polyurethane" Encyclopedia, https://encyclopedia.pub/entry/61188 (accessed November 09, 2026).
Zhong, J. (2026, October 20). Thermoplastic Polyurethane. In Encyclopedia. https://encyclopedia.pub/entry/61188
Zhong, Jack. "Thermoplastic Polyurethane." Encyclopedia. Web. 20 October, 2026.

Thermoplastic Polyurethane

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Thermoplastic polyurethane is a linear segmented copolymer whose hard segments of diisocyanate and chain extender are joined to soft polyol segments by urethane linkages. The two segments separate into hard domains dispersed in a soft matrix, and the resulting physical crosslinks give elasticity without covalent network bonds [1]. Because the hard domains can be melted, the material can be processed by extrusion and injection molding and can be reprocessed, unlike a crosslinked polyurethane [2]. The hard-segment content sets the modulus and the softening temperature, while the polyol type sets the low-temperature flexibility and the hydrolysis resistance [3]. Polyester-based grades are stronger but hydrolyse more readily than polyether-based grades, so the choice is dictated by the service environment [4]. Bio-based polyols and non-isocyanate routes are being developed, though their property profiles do not yet match the conventional grades [5].

segmented copolymer hard segment soft segment polyol phase separation chain extender reprocessing
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References

  1. Osman, A.F.; Edwards, G.A.; Schiller, T.L.; Andriani, Y.; Jack, K.S.; Morrow, I.C.; Halley, P.J.; Martin, D.J. Structure–Property Relationships in Biomedical Thermoplastic Polyurethane Nanocomposites. Macromolecules 2012, 45, 198-210. [CrossRef]
  2. Alshammari, F.H. Structure–property correlations, optical behavior, and dielectric relaxation dynamics in V2O5/thermoplastic polyurethane nanocomposites for flexible electronic applications. Ceramics International 2026, 52, 286-297. [CrossRef]
  3. Brăileanu, P.I.; Mocanu, M.T.; Dobrescu, T.G.; Dobrotă, D.; Pascu, N.E. Structure—Property—Performance Relationships in Thermoplastic Polyurethane: Influence of Infill Density and Surface Texture. Polymers 2025, 17, 2716. [CrossRef]
  4. Jung, I.; Lee, S. Electro-mechanical Property of 3D Printed Cubic Structure Using Carbon Materials/Thermoplastic Polyurethane Filament with Various Infill Patterns. Fibers and Polymers 2025, 26, 1717-1728. [CrossRef]
  5. Smorawska, J.; Włoch, M.; Głowińska, E. Structure–Property Relationship and Multiple Processing Studies of Novel Bio-Based Thermoplastic Polyurethane Elastomers. Materials 2023, 16, 6246. [CrossRef]
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Subjects: Engineering, Mechanical
Contributor MDPI registered users' name will be linked to their SciProfiles pages. To register with us, please refer to https://encyclopedia.pub/register : Jack Zhong
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Update Date: 20 Oct 2026
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