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Translation Machinery
EditTranslation machinery is the coordinated set of ribosomes, messenger RNAs, transfer RNAs, and associated protein factors that produces polypeptides from nucleotide-encoded information [5]. Initiation factors recruit and organize the components that establish the beginning of the coding sequence [1][2]. Their interactions with ribosomal subunits and RNA create a translation-competent complex [3]. In eukaryotic scanning, the small subunit carries initiator transfer RNA through the leader until start-codon recognition triggers rearrangement and joining of the large subunit [3]. During elongation, aminoacyl-transfer RNAs provide the amino acids, and the ribosomal peptidyl-transferase center positions the reacting groups. Binding of the incoming substrate rearranges ribosomal RNA and exposes the peptidyl-transfer-RNA ester linkage for peptide-bond formation [4][5]. Repeated decoding and translocation then extend the polypeptide along the messenger-RNA template [1].
References
- Nahum Sonenberg; Alan G. Hinnebusch; Regulation of Translation Initiation in Eukaryotes: Mechanisms and Biological Targets. Cell 2009, 136, 731-745. [CrossRef]
- Jailson Brito Querido; Irene Díaz-López; V. Ramakrishnan; The Molecular Basis of Translation Initiation and its Regulation in Eukaryotes. Nat. Rev. Mol. Cell Biol. 2023, 25, 168-186. [CrossRef]
- Richard J. Jackson; Christopher U. T. Hellen; Tatyana V. Pestova; The Mechanism of Eukaryotic Translation Initiation and Principles of its Regulation. Nat. Rev. Mol. Cell Biol. 2010, 11, 113-127. [CrossRef]
- Alan G. Hinnebusch; Molecular Mechanism of Scanning and Start Codon Selection in Eukaryotes. Microbiol. Mol. Biol. Rev. 2011, 75, 434-467. [CrossRef]
- Alan G. Hinnebusch; The Scanning Mechanism of Eukaryotic Translation Initiation. Annu. Rev. Biochem. 2014, 83, 779-812. [CrossRef]
