Translation machinery is the coordinated set of ribosomes, messenger RNAs, transfer RNAs, and associated protein factors that produces polypeptides from nucleotide-encoded information [5]. Initiation factors recruit and organize the components that establish the beginning of the coding sequence [1][2]. Their interactions with ribosomal subunits and RNA create a translation-competent complex [3]. In eukaryotic scanning, the small subunit carries initiator transfer RNA through the leader until start-codon recognition triggers rearrangement and joining of the large subunit [3]. During elongation, aminoacyl-transfer RNAs provide the amino acids, and the ribosomal peptidyl-transferase center positions the reacting groups. Binding of the incoming substrate rearranges ribosomal RNA and exposes the peptidyl-transfer-RNA ester linkage for peptide-bond formation [4][5]. Repeated decoding and translocation then extend the polypeptide along the messenger-RNA template [1].
- ribosomes
- transfer RNA
- translation factors
- polypeptide synthesis
RNA and protein synthesis mechanisms·Molecular Biology·Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology·Life Sciences
References
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