A social media ecosystem is an interconnected sociotechnical environment comprising digital platforms, users, organizations, content, communication practices, and technological infrastructures that collectively shape online interaction and information exchange ^[1][2]. Its components include social networking sites, content-sharing services, messaging applications, user communities, and the algorithms and interface features that organize the creation, distribution, and visibility of digital content. Users, businesses, public institutions, media organizations, and other participants contribute to this ecosystem by producing content, maintaining social relationships, exchanging information, and engaging in public discussions ^[2][3]. The relationships among these actors and platforms extend beyond individual services, as users move between digital spaces and connect online activities with offline social contexts ^[4]. The ecosystem evolves as platforms change their technical features, governance policies, and recommendation systems, while user practices and communication needs also develop ^[1][4]. In media studies and communication research, the social media ecosystem provides a perspective for examining how platforms, social relationships, and information flows interact to influence public discourse, community formation, and patterns of digital participation.