A social media ecosystem is an interconnected sociotechnical environment comprising digital platforms, users, organizations, content, communication practices, and technological infrastructures that collectively shape online interaction and information exchange ^[1][2]. Its components include social networking sites, content-sharing services, messaging applications, user communities, and the algorithms and interface features that organize the creation, distribution, and visibility of digital content [1][3]. Users, businesses, public institutions, media organizations, and other participants contribute to this ecosystem by producing content, maintaining social relationships, exchanging information, and engaging in public discussions ^[2][3]. The relationships among these actors and platforms extend beyond individual services, as users move between digital spaces and connect online activities with offline social contexts ^[4]. The ecosystem evolves as platforms change their technical features, governance policies, and recommendation systems, while user practices and communication needs also develop ^[1][4]. In media studies and communication research, the social media ecosystem provides a perspective for examining how platforms, social relationships, and information flows interact to influence public discourse, community formation, and patterns of digital participation.