Reduced graphene oxide is a form of graphene-based material obtained by chemically or thermally reducing graphene oxide, a single-atom-thick sheet of sp2-bonded carbon that is heavily functionalized with oxygen-containing groups—hydroxyl, epoxy, carbonyl, and carboxyl—distributed over its basal plane and edges ^[1]. Whereas graphene oxide is electrically insulating because the oxygen groups disrupt the conjugated carbon network, reduction removes most of these functionalities, partially restoring the sp2 carbon lattice and the electrical conductivity, mechanical stiffness, and impermeability characteristic of graphene. The product is, however, not identical to pristine graphene: residual oxygen defects, structural vacancies, and sheet-to-sheet restacking remain, so that reduced graphene oxide is a defective, partially restored carbon sheet whose properties depend on the extent and route of reduction ^[2]. It is typically produced by exfoliating graphite oxide into single sheets and then reducing them in suspension or in film form, which yields a conductive yet chemically residual material. The concept is defined as the partially deoxygenated, electrically conductive derivative of graphene oxide rather than a defect-free single graphene layer ^[3].