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Electrodeposition is an electrochemical manufacturing process in which dissolved metal ions are reduced onto a conductive cathode surface under the drive of an externally imposed electric current, producing a coherent, adherent metallic film or coating on the substrate ^[1]. The process is carried out in an electrolyte bath that contains the ions to be deposited together with supporting salts, pH buffers, and organic additives; at the cathode, the cation accepts electrons and is converted into neutral metal atoms that adsorb, diffuse over the surface, and nucleate crystallites that grow into a film. Because deposition proceeds atom by atom from the liquid phase, the morphology, grain size, internal stress, alloy composition, and texture of the deposit are governed by bath chemistry, current density, temperature, mass transport, and the kinetics of electrochemical nucleation rather than by the melting and solidification of bulk metal ^[2]. The same fundamental mechanism underlies electroplating of protective or decorative coatings, electrodeposition of multilayer and alloy films, electrowinning of metals from solution, and electroforming of free-standing parts. The process is thus defined as the electrochemical reduction and consolidation of metal ions from an ionic medium onto an electrically conductive interface ^[3].