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A magnesium alloy is a metallic material whose principal constituent is magnesium—the lightest of the structural engineering metals, with a density near 1.74 g/cm³—to which one or more alloying elements are deliberately added to modify strength, ductility, castability, corrosion resistance, and elevated-temperature behavior ^[1]. Alloying elements such as aluminum, zinc, manganese, rare-earth metals, zirconium, and silicon are dissolved in the magnesium matrix or form second phases that produce solid-solution strengthening, precipitate strengthening, or grain refinement, because pure magnesium is comparatively soft and its hexagonal close-packed crystal structure offers limited independent slip systems at room temperature ^[2]. The alloy is defined by being predominantly magnesium-based rather than by a different base metal with minor magnesium additions, and its mechanical response is governed by this hexagonal lattice, the morphology of intermetallic phases, and grain size ^[1]. Magnesium alloys are conventionally classified by processing route as cast or wrought alloys and by their dominant alloying system, and their distinguishing material characteristic is an exceptional strength-to-weight ratio arising from the low density of the magnesium matrix combined with the strengthening effects of the additions ^[2]. Their microstructure consists of an α-magnesium solid solution together with eutectic or precipitate constituents whose distribution determines the resulting properties ^[3].