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Surrounding rock deformation refers to the time-dependent change in shape and position of the rock mass immediately adjacent to an underground excavation — such as a tunnel, roadway, cavern, or borehole — caused by the redistribution of in-situ stress after excavation [1]. Before excavation, the rock is in equilibrium under the virgin stress field; removal of material at the opening boundary causes stress concentration around the opening and induces displacements — radial convergence, wall displacement, roof sag, and floor heave — that may be elastic, elastoplastic, or viscoelastic depending on rock-mass quality, depth, and groundwater conditions [2]. The deformation field is governed by the stiffness, strength, and discontinuity geometry of the rock mass and is commonly analyzed using the convergence–confinement method, in which a ground-reaction curve relates radial displacement at the wall to the support pressure provided by linings, rock bolts, or shotcrete [3]. The term is distinguished from intact-rock deformation measured on laboratory specimens and from surface subsidence by its scale and by its location within the rock mass around the opening.
References
- Jaeger, J.C.; Cook, N.G.W.; Zimmerman, R.W. Fundamentals of Rock Mechanics, 4th ed.; Blackwell: Malden, MA, 2007. ISBN: 978-0-632-05759-7. https://www.wiley.com/en-fr/shop/general-introductory-earth-sciences/fundamentals-of-rock-mechanics-4th-edition-p-9780632057597
- Brady, B.H.G.; Brown, E.T. Rock Mechanics for Underground Mining, 3rd ed.; Kluwer: Dordrecht, 2004.
- Hoek, E.; Brown, E.T. Underground Excavations in Rock; Institution of Mining and Metallurgy: London, 1980.
