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Ultra-high-performance concrete (UHPC) is a class of cementitious composite characterized by exceptionally high compressive strength, typically exceeding 120 MPa, together with enhanced durability relative to conventional concrete [1]. UHPC is formulated through a densely packed particle matrix consisting of Portland cement, silica fume, fine sand, quartz powder, and high-range water-reducing admixtures, with a water-to-binder ratio generally below 0.25 and no coarse aggregate in most formulations [2]. Steel or synthetic fibers are commonly incorporated at volume fractions of 1–3% to impart tensile ductility and strain-hardening behavior after cracking [3]. The material exhibits low porosity and permeability owing to optimized particle packing and the pozzolanic reaction of silica fume, which confers high resistance to chloride-ion penetration, freeze–thaw cycles, abrasion, and chemical attack [4]. UHPC is distinguished from high-performance concrete not only by its compressive-strength threshold (typically 120–200 MPa) but also by its fracture energy, post-cracking tensile capacity, and dimensional stability under exposure [5].
References
- Fehling, E.; Schmidt, M.; Walraven, J.; Leutbecher, T.; Fröhlich, S. Ultra-High Performance Concrete UHPC: Fundamentals, Design, Examples; Ernst & Sohn: Berlin, 2014. https://www.wiley.com/en-us/shop/general-introductory-civil-engineering-construction/ultra-high-performance-concrete-uhpc-fundamentals-design-examples-p-9783433604151
- Pierre Richard; Marcel Cheyrezy; Composition of reactive powder concretes. Cem. Concr. Res. 1995, 25, 1501-1511. [CrossRef]
- ACI Committee 239. Report on Ultra-High Performance Concrete; ACI 239R-18; American Concrete Institute: Farmington Hills, MI, 2018. https://www.concrete.org/publications/internationalconcreteabstractsportal/m/details/id/51712281
- Graybeal, B. Ultra-High Performance Concrete; FHWA-HRT-11-039; Federal Highway Administration: McLean, VA, 2011. https://www.fhwa.dot.gov/publications/research/infrastructure/structures/11038/
- F. de Larrard; T. Sedran; Optimization of ultra-high-performance concrete by the use of a packing model. Cem. Concr. Res. 1994, 24, 997-1009. [CrossRef]
