Robotic Process Automation (RPA) is a software-based technology that uses configurable algorithmic software agents (bots) to replicate manual user activities across digital systems. It represents an evolution from earlier workflow scripting tools, and is distinguished by its ability to be used without requiring substantial IT infrastructure modifications or extensive programming knowledge. In the banking and insurance sectors, organizations face increasing pressure to adopt modern technologies that streamline operations and reduce costs while complying with strict regulatory requirements. Robotic Process Automation (RPA) has emerged as a viable and cost-effective solution, enabling automation of repetitive and rule-based tasks without requiring major changes to legacy IT systems. This paper conducts a literature review to examine the current use cases of RPA technologies in banking and insurance, analyzing how these technologies are employed to enhance corporate efficiency and performance. The review draws from recent academic publications and case studies between 2017 and 2025, identifying core implementation areas such as customer onboarding, claims processing, compliance reporting, and underwriting automation. The results highlight substantial improvements in processing speed, error reduction, and resource optimization, along with evolving metrics for measuring effectiveness. The study concludes by identifying key success factors, performance measurement approaches, and challenges in RPA implementation, offering insights for both practitioners and researchers aiming to understand the role of automation in financial services transformation.