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Office, E.E. Performance-Enhancing Drugs (PEDs). Encyclopedia. Available online: https://encyclopedia.pub/entry/59063 (accessed on 30 October 2026).
Office EE. Performance-Enhancing Drugs (PEDs). Encyclopedia. Available at: https://encyclopedia.pub/entry/59063. Accessed October 30, 2026.
Office, Encyclopedia Editorial. "Performance-Enhancing Drugs (PEDs)" Encyclopedia, https://encyclopedia.pub/entry/59063 (accessed October 30, 2026).
Office, E.E. (2025, September 25). Performance-Enhancing Drugs (PEDs). In Encyclopedia. https://encyclopedia.pub/entry/59063
Office, Encyclopedia Editorial. "Performance-Enhancing Drugs (PEDs)." Encyclopedia. Web. 25 September, 2025.
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Performance-Enhancing Drugs (PEDs)
EditPerformance-enhancing drugs (PEDs) are substances used to improve athletic ability, endurance, strength, or recovery beyond the body’s natural limits. While some PEDs have legitimate medical applications, their use in competitive sports is controversial due to ethical concerns, health risks, and violations of fair play principles. Anti-doping agencies and sports governing bodies have established strict regulations and testing protocols to detect and deter PED use in both amateur and professional athletics.
performance-enhancing drugs
drugs
health risks
References
- Mottram, D. R. Drugs in Sport. 6th ed.; Routledge: London, 2010.
- Yesalis, C. E.; Bahrke, M. S. History of doping in sport. Int. Sports Stud. 2002, 24(2), 42–76.
- Todd, T. The myth of anabolic steroids: A history. J. Sport Hist. 1987, 14(1), 87–107.
- Yesalis, C. E.; Bahrke, M. S. Performance-enhancing substances in sport and exercise. Hum. Kinet. 2002, 3, 285–313.
- Franke, W. W.; Berendonk, B. Sports, genes, and doping—an international science perspective. Mol. Cell. Endocrinol. 1997, 131(1), 1–11.
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