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MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are a class of small noncoding RNAs that are approximately 22 nt in length and regulate gene expression post-transcriptionally. miRNAs play a vital role in both physiological and pathological processes and are regarded as promising biomarkers for cancer, cardiovascular diseases, neurodegenerative diseases, and so on. Accurate detection of miRNA expression level in clinical samples is important for miRNA-guided diagnostics. However, the common miRNA detection approaches like RNA sequencing, qRT-PCR, and miRNA microarray are performed in a professional laboratory with complex intermediate steps and are time-consuming and costly, challenging the miRNA-guided diagnostics. Hence, sensitive, highly specific, rapid, and easy-to-use detection of miRNAs is crucial for clinical diagnosis based on miRNAs. With the advantages of being specific, sensitive, efficient, cost-saving, and easy to operate, point-of-care testing (POCT) has been widely used in the detection of miRNAs.
Methods |
miRNA |
Detection Limit |
Samples |
Time |
Reference |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Personal glucose meter |
miR-21 |
0.41 nM/ 1 million cells |
synthesized miR-21/A549 cell lysates |
<2 h |
[19] |
miR-21 |
10 fM |
synthesized miR-21 |
<2 h |
[20] |
|
miR-21 miRNA205 |
2.4 pM 1.1 pM |
synthesized miR-21 synthesized miRNA205 |
<3 h |
[21] |
|
miR-21 |
3.65 nM |
synthesized miR-21 clinical serum samples from cancer patients |
2 h |
[22] |
|
miR-21 |
60 pM 3 × 106 cells/mL |
synthesized miR-21 MCF-7, A549 and HeLa cell lysates |
<3 h |
[23] |
|
miR-21 |
68.08 fM |
synthesized miR-21 urine samples from DIKI mice |
1.5 h |
[24] |
|
miRNA-155 |
0.36 fM |
synthesized miRNA-155 |
>5 h |
[25] |
|
miR-21, miR-335, miR-155, and miR-122 |
0.325 fmol |
synthesized miRNAs extract from HeLa, HepG2, MCF-7, and L02 Cells |
6 h |
[26] |
|
Thermometer |
miR-21 |
7.8 nM |
synthesized miR-21 HeLa cell lysate |
Not mentioned |
[27] |
miRNA-141 |
0.5 pM |
synthesized miRNA-141 |
>8 h |
[28] |
|
Pressure meter |
miR-21 |
7.6 fM 100 cells |
synthesized miR-21 A549, MCF-7, HepG2 and HL-7702 cells |
20 min |
[29] |
miR-21 |
10 pM |
Serum |
0.5 h |
[30] |
|
Portable fluorometer |
miR-574-5p |
2 ng/μL |
RNA extract from 5XFAD mice |
>3 h |
[31] |
Capillary force meter |
miR-21 |
10 nM |
Human serum |
1 h |
[32] |
miR-21 |
MCF-7 cell line |
25 min |
[33] |
||
Smartphone |
miR-133a |
0.3 pM |
synthesized miR-133a in serum |
>5 h |
[34] |
miRNA-499, miRNA-133a |
10 fM |
synthesized miR-133a in serum |
13 h |
[35] |
|
let-7a |
1.7 fM |
synthesized let-7a human serum |
2.75 h |
[36] |
|
miR-133a, miR-499 |
1 fM |
Synthesized miRNAs human serum |
- |
[37] |
|
miR-21, let-7a |
fM |
Synthesized miRNAs human serum |
<2 h |
[38] |
|
miR-21 |
1.43 pM |
Synthesized miR-21 human serum, urine |
0.5 h |
[39] |
|
miR-224 |
1.6 fM |
Synthesized miR-224 human plasma |
<4.5 h |
[40] |
|
miR-21 |
100 fM 500 cells |
Synthesized miR-21 MCF-7 and L02 cells |
>1 h |
[41] |
Methods |
miRNA |
Detection Limit |
Samples |
Time |
Reference |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Colorimetric detection based on Au-NPs |
miR-21 miR-155 |
5 ng μL−1 |
Plasma |
<3 min |
[42] |
miR-93 miR-223 |
- |
Human serum |
- |
[43] |
|
miR-34a miR-210 |
50 ng μL−1 |
Urine |
<20 min |
[44] |
|
miR-195 |
40 fM |
Human serum |
10 min |
[45] |
|
miR-210-3p |
10 pM |
Urine |
20 min |
[46] |
|
miR-21 miR-155 |
1 ng μL−1 |
Multiple cancerous cell lines and primary fibroblast |
<10 min |
[47] |
|
miR-21 miR-141 |
3 pM |
Synthesized miRNA human serum samples |
<5 h |
[48] |
|
miR-137 |
0.5 nM |
Plasma |
1 min |
[49] |
|
miR-146a |
5 nM |
Raw cow milk |
20 min |
[50] |
|
let-7a |
0.13 pM |
A549 cells |
50 min |
[51] |
|
miR-148a |
1.9 nM |
Plasma |
5 min |
[52] |
|
miR-122 |
16 pM |
Cancerous cell lines |
2 h |
[53] |
|
let-7a |
3.13 fM |
Human serum |
1 h |
[54] |
|
miR-203 |
10 pM |
MCF-7 cells |
- |
[55] |
|
miR-21 |
0.23 fM |
HeLa, MCF-7, AGS cells |
0.5 h |
[56] |
|
let-7a |
4.176 aM |
Synthesized let-7a |
1 h |
[57] |
|
miR-221-3p |
46 fM |
BEL-7404, MDA-MB231, HeLa, and 22Rv1cells |
1 h |
[58] |
|
miR-143 |
1 fM |
Synthesized miR-143 Prostate cancer cell lines VCaP, LNCaP, Du145, and PC-3 |
>1.5 h |
[59] |
|
Colorimetric detection based on enzymatic chromogenic reactions |
let-7a |
7.4 fM |
Synthesized let-7a |
2.5 h |
[60] |
miR-122 |
0.15 aM |
Serum |
5 min |
[61] |
|
miR-21 |
0.2 pM |
Serum |
50 min |
[62] |
|
miR-21 |
1 aM |
Serum |
<4 h |
[63] |
|
Let-7a |
34 fM |
A549 cells |
4 h |
[64] |
|
miR-10b |
1 fM |
Serum and cell extracts |
20 min |
[65] |
|
miR-141 |
0.48 nM |
Serum |
>3 h |
[66] |
|
miR-21 |
1 pM |
Serum |
150 min |
[67] |
|
miR-141 |
0.5 pM |
Prostate cancer cells |
210 min |
[68] |
|
miR-21 |
90.3 fM |
Serum |
<1.5 h |
[69] |
|
miR-21, miR-17 |
1.7 fM |
MCF-7 |
80 min |
[70] |
|
let-7a |
0.1 nM |
Serum |
3 min |
[71] |
|
miR-21 |
44.76 fM |
Exosome |
2 h |
[72] |
|
miR-21, miR-155 |
0.38 nM |
Blood |
>1 h |
[73] |
|
miR-21 |
4.5 nM |
MCF-7 and serum |
130 min |
[74] |
|
miR-21 |
5 fM |
Plasma sample Cancer cells Tumor tissues |
>6.5 h |
[75] |
|
miR-155 |
0.6 pM |
Plasma |
15 min |
[76] |
|
miR-205, miR-944 |
36.4 fM |
Serum |
>2 h |
[77] |
|
miR-155 |
31.8 fM |
Serum |
1 h |
[78] |
|
miR-223 miR-143 |
20 pM |
Synthesized miR-223 iPSCs and CMs |
3.5 h |
[79] |