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Cyanobacteria ascribed to the genus Lyngbya (Family Oscillatoriaceae) represent a potential therapeutic gold mine of chemically and biologically diverse natural products that exhibit a wide array of biological properties. Phylogenetic analyses have established the Lyngbya ‘morpho-type’ as a highly polyphyletic group and have resulted in taxonomic revision and description of an additional six new cyanobacterial genera in the same family to date. Among the most prolific marine cyanobacterial producers of biologically active compounds are the species Moorena producens (previously L. majuscula, then Moorea producens), M. bouillonii (previously L. bouillonii), and L. confervoides. Over the years, compounding evidence from in vitro and in vivo studies in support of the significant pharmaceutical potential of ‘Lyngbya’-derived natural products has made the Lyngbya morphotype a significant target for biomedical research and novel drug leads development. Researchers concluded compounds with reported anti-infective activities through 2022 from the Lyngbya morphotype, including new genera arising from recent phylogenetic re-classification. So far, 72 anti-infective secondary metabolites have been isolated from various Dapis, Lyngbya, Moorea, and Okeania species.
Compound | Source Organism | Collection Site | Targeted Bacteria | MIC/Inhibition Zone/IC50 | Reference |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Malyngolide (1) | L. majuscula | Hawaii, USA | M. smegmatis, S. pyogenes, S. aureus and B. subtilis | More active against M. smegmatis and S. pyogenes than S. aureus and B. subtilis | [12] |
Lyngbic acid (2) | M. producens | Red Sea | M. tuberculosis H37Rv | 65% inhibition at 12.5 μg/mL | [13] |
Lyngbic acid (2) | L. majuscula | Caribbean region | S. aureus and B. subtilis | Antibacterial activity | [14] |
Malyngamide D acetate (3) | L. majuscula | Caribbean region | S. aureus | Slight activity | [14] |
Pitipeptolide A (4) | L. majuscula | Guam | M. tuberculosis ATCC 25177 | 25 mm at 100 µg 10 mm at 25 µg |
[15] |
Pitipeptolide A (4) | L. majuscula | Guam | M. tuberculosis ATCC 35818 | 15 mm at 100 µg 9 mm at 25 µg |
[15] |
Pitipeptolide B (5) | L. majuscula | Guam | M. tuberculosis ATCC 25177 | 30 mm at 100 µg 15 mm at 25 µg |
[15] |
Pitipeptolide B (5) | L. majuscula | Guam | M. tuberculosis ATCC 35818 | 15 mm at 100 µg 10 mm at 25 µg |
[15] |
Pitipeptolide A (4) | L. majuscula | Guam | M. tuberculosis ATCC 25177 | 28 mm at 100 µg 23 mm at 50 µg 9 mm at 10 µg |
[16] |
Pitipeptolide B (5) | L. majuscula | Guam | M. tuberculosis ATCC 25177 | 30 mm at 100 µg 24 mm at 50 µg 14 mm at 10 µg |
[16] |
Pitipeptolide C (6) | L. majuscula | Guam | M. tuberculosis ATCC 25177 | 26 mm at 100 µg 21 mm at 50 µg 18 mm at 10 µg |
[16] |
Pitipeptolide D (7) | L. majuscula | Guam | M. tuberculosis ATCC 25177 | 10 mm at 100 µg 0 mm at 50 µg 0 mm at 10 µg |
[16] |
Pitipeptolide E (8) | L. majuscula | Guam | M. tuberculosis ATCC 25177 | 21 mm at 100 µg 15 mm at 50 µg 0 mm at 10 µg |
[16] |
Pitipeptolide F (9) | L. majuscula | Guam | M. tuberculosis ATCC 25177 | 40 mm at 100 µg 30 mm at 50 µg 10 mm at 10 µg |
[16] |
Pitiprolamide (10) | L. majuscula | Guam | M. tuberculosis ATCC 25177 | 23 mm at 100 µg 13 mm at 50 µg 0 mm at 10 µg |
[17] |
Pitiprolamide (10) | L. majuscula | Guam | B. cereus ATCC 10987 | IC50 = 70 μM at 1 μM | [17] |
Mixture of lyngbyazothrins A and B (14 and 15) | Lyngbya sp. | Germany (Culture) | M. flaVus SBUG 16 | 8 mm at 100 μg/disk | [18] |
Mixture of lyngbyazothrins C (16) and D (17) | Lyngbya sp. | Germany (Culture) | B. subtilis SBUG 14 E. coli ATCC 11229 E. coli SBUG 13 P. aeruginosa ATCC 27853 S. marcescens SBUG 9 |
18 mm at 25 μg/disk 18 mm at 100 μg/disk 15 mm at 100 μg/disk 8 mm at 100 μg/disk 8 mm at 200 μg/disk |
[18] |
Tiahuramide A (18) | L. majuscula | French Polynesia | A. salmonicida (CIP 103209T strain), V. anguillarum (CIP 63.36T), S. baltica (CIP 105850T), E. coli (CIP 54.8) and M. luteus (CIP A270) | MIC = 27, 33, >50, 35 and 47 μM, respectively | [19] |
Tiahuramide B (19) | L. majuscula | French Polynesia | A. salmonicida (CIP 103209T strain), V. anguillarum (CIP 63.36T), S. baltica (CIP 105850T), E. coli (CIP 54.8) and M. luteus (CIP A270) | MIC = 9.4, 8.5, 22, 12 and 29 μM, respectively | [19] |
Tiahuramide C (20) | L. majuscula | French Polynesia | A. salmonicida (CIP 103209T strain), V. anguillarum (CIP 63.36T), S. baltica (CIP 105850T), E. coli (CIP 54.8) and M. luteus (CIP A270) | MIC = 6.7, 7.4, 16, 14 and 17 μM, respectively | [19] |
Compound | Source Organism | Collection Site | Targeted Bacteria | MIC/Inhibition Zone/IC50 | Reference |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Malyngolide (1) | L. majuscula | Hawaii, USA | M. smegmatis, S. pyogenes, S. aureus and B. subtilis | More active against M. smegmatis and S. pyogenes than S. aureus and B. subtilis | [12] |
Lyngbic acid (2) | M. producens | Red Sea | M. tuberculosis H37Rv | 65% inhibition at 12.5 μg/mL | [13] |
Lyngbic acid (2) | L. majuscula | Caribbean region | S. aureus and B. subtilis | Antibacterial activity | [14] |
Malyngamide D acetate (3) | L. majuscula | Caribbean region | S. aureus | Slight activity | [14] |
Pitipeptolide A (4) | L. majuscula | Guam | M. tuberculosis ATCC 25177 | 25 mm at 100 µg 10 mm at 25 µg |
[15] |
Pitipeptolide A (4) | L. majuscula | Guam | M. tuberculosis ATCC 35818 | 15 mm at 100 µg 9 mm at 25 µg |
[15] |
Pitipeptolide B (5) | L. majuscula | Guam | M. tuberculosis ATCC 25177 | 30 mm at 100 µg 15 mm at 25 µg |
[15] |
Pitipeptolide B (5) | L. majuscula | Guam | M. tuberculosis ATCC 35818 | 15 mm at 100 µg 10 mm at 25 µg |
[15] |
Pitipeptolide A (4) | L. majuscula | Guam | M. tuberculosis ATCC 25177 | 28 mm at 100 µg 23 mm at 50 µg 9 mm at 10 µg |
[16] |
Pitipeptolide B (5) | L. majuscula | Guam | M. tuberculosis ATCC 25177 | 30 mm at 100 µg 24 mm at 50 µg 14 mm at 10 µg |
[16] |
Pitipeptolide C (6) | L. majuscula | Guam | M. tuberculosis ATCC 25177 | 26 mm at 100 µg 21 mm at 50 µg 18 mm at 10 µg |
[16] |
Pitipeptolide D (7) | L. majuscula | Guam | M. tuberculosis ATCC 25177 | 10 mm at 100 µg 0 mm at 50 µg 0 mm at 10 µg |
[16] |
Pitipeptolide E (8) | L. majuscula | Guam | M. tuberculosis ATCC 25177 | 21 mm at 100 µg 15 mm at 50 µg 0 mm at 10 µg |
[16] |
Pitipeptolide F (9) | L. majuscula | Guam | M. tuberculosis ATCC 25177 | 40 mm at 100 µg 30 mm at 50 µg 10 mm at 10 µg |
[16] |
Pitiprolamide (10) | L. majuscula | Guam | M. tuberculosis ATCC 25177 | 23 mm at 100 µg 13 mm at 50 µg 0 mm at 10 µg |
[17] |
Pitiprolamide (10) | L. majuscula | Guam | B. cereus ATCC 10987 | IC50 = 70 μM at 1 μM | [17] |
Mixture of lyngbyazothrins A and B (14 and 15) | Lyngbya sp. | Germany (Culture) | M. flaVus SBUG 16 | 8 mm at 100 μg/disk | [18] |
Mixture of lyngbyazothrins C (16) and D (17) | Lyngbya sp. | Germany (Culture) | B. subtilis SBUG 14 E. coli ATCC 11229 E. coli SBUG 13 P. aeruginosa ATCC 27853 S. marcescens SBUG 9 |
18 mm at 25 μg/disk 18 mm at 100 μg/disk 15 mm at 100 μg/disk 8 mm at 100 μg/disk 8 mm at 200 μg/disk |
[18] |
Tiahuramide A (18) | L. majuscula | French Polynesia | A. salmonicida (CIP 103209T strain), V. anguillarum (CIP 63.36T), S. baltica (CIP 105850T), E. coli (CIP 54.8) and M. luteus (CIP A270) | MIC = 27, 33, >50, 35 and 47 μM, respectively | [19] |
Tiahuramide B (19) | L. majuscula | French Polynesia | A. salmonicida (CIP 103209T strain), V. anguillarum (CIP 63.36T), S. baltica (CIP 105850T), E. coli (CIP 54.8) and M. luteus (CIP A270) | MIC = 9.4, 8.5, 22, 12 and 29 μM, respectively | [19] |
Tiahuramide C (20) | L. majuscula | French Polynesia | A. salmonicida (CIP 103209T strain), V. anguillarum (CIP 63.36T), S. baltica (CIP 105850T), E. coli (CIP 54.8) and M. luteus (CIP A270) | MIC = 6.7, 7.4, 16, 14 and 17 μM, respectively | [19] |