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HandWiki. List of Messier Objects. Encyclopedia. Available online: https://encyclopedia.pub/entry/38079 (accessed on 22 September 2026).
HandWiki. List of Messier Objects. Encyclopedia. Available at: https://encyclopedia.pub/entry/38079. Accessed September 22, 2026.
HandWiki. "List of Messier Objects" Encyclopedia, https://encyclopedia.pub/entry/38079 (accessed September 22, 2026).
HandWiki. (2022, December 06). List of Messier Objects. In Encyclopedia. https://encyclopedia.pub/entry/38079
HandWiki. "List of Messier Objects." Encyclopedia. Web. 06 December, 2022.
List of Messier Objects
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The content is sourced from: https://handwiki.org/wiki/Astronomy:List_of_Messier_objects

The Messier objects are a set of 110 astronomical objects catalogued by the French astronomer Charles Messier in his "Catalogue des Nébuleuses et des Amas d'Étoiles" ("Catalogue of Nebulae and Star Clusters"). A preliminary version first appeared in Memoirs of the French Academy of Sciences in 1771, and the last item was added in 1966 by Kenneth Glyn Jones, based on Messier's observations. The first version of Messier's catalogue contained 45 objects and was published in 1774 in the journal of the French Academy of Sciences in Paris. In addition to his own discoveries, this version included objects previously observed by other astronomers, with only 17 of the 45 objects being Messier’s. By 1780 the catalog had increased to 80 objects. The final version of the catalogue containing 103 objects was published in 1781 in the Connaissance des Temps for the year 1784. However, due to what was thought for a long time to be the incorrect addition of Messier 102, the total number remained 102. Other astronomers, using side notes in Messier's texts, eventually filled out the list up to 110 objects. The catalogue consists of a diverse range of astronomical objects, ranging from star clusters, nebula and galaxies. Messier 1 is the supernova remnant of Crab Nebula and the great spiral Andromeda Galaxy is M 31. Many further inclusions followed in the next century when the first addition came from Nicolas Camille Flammarion in 1921, who added Messier 104 after finding Messier’s side note in his 1781 edition exemplar of the catalogue. M105 to M107 were added by Helen Sawyer Hogg in 1947, M108 and M109 by Owen Gingerich in 1960, and M110 by Kenneth Glyn Jones in 1967. Because Messier was interested in finding only comets, he created a list of non-comet objects that frustrated his hunt for them. The compilation of this list, in collaboration with his assistant Pierre Méchain, is known as the Messier catalogue. This catalogue of objects is one of the most famous lists of astronomical objects, and many Messier objects are still referenced by their Messier number.

supernova remnant d'étoiles nébuleuses

References

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  2. Messier, Charles (1771). "Messier 2". http://messier.seds.org/m/m002.html. Retrieved 2014-03-17. 
  3. Messier, Charles (1771). "Messier 3". http://messier.seds.org/m/m003.html. Retrieved 2014-03-17. 
  4. Messier, Charles (1771). "Messier 4". http://messier.seds.org/m/m004.html. Retrieved 2014-03-17. 
  5. Messier, Charles (1771). "Messier 5". http://messier.seds.org/m/m005.html. Retrieved 2014-03-17. 
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