+1 credit
| Version | Summary | Created by | Modification | Content Size | Created at | Operation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Dean Liu | -- | 634 | 2022-11-08 01:32:26 |
Video Upload Options
The atomic radius of a chemical element is the distance from the center of the nucleus to the outermost shell of an electron. Since the boundary is not a well-defined physical entity, there are various non-equivalent definitions of atomic radius. Depending on the definition, the term may apply only to isolated atoms, or also to atoms in condensed matter, covalently bound in molecules, or in ionized and excited states; and its value may be obtained through experimental measurements, or computed from theoretical models. Under some definitions, the value of the radius may depend on the atom's state and context. Atomic radii vary in a predictable and explicable manner across the periodic table. For instance, the radii generally decrease rightward along each period (row) of the table, from the alkali metals to the noble gases; and increase down each group (column). The radius increases sharply between the noble gas at the end of each period and the alkali metal at the beginning of the next period. These trends of the atomic radii (and of various other chemical and physical properties of the elements) can be explained by the electron shell theory of the atom; they provided important evidence for the development and confirmation of quantum theory.
References
- A. Bondi (1964). "van der Waals Volumes and Radii". The Journal of Physical Chemistry 68 (3): 441–451. doi:10.1021/j100785a001. https://dx.doi.org/10.1021%2Fj100785a001
- Mantina, Manjeera; Chamberlin, Adam C.; Valero, Rosendo; Cramer, Christopher J.; Truhlar, Donald G. (2009-04-21). "Consistent van der Waals Radii for the Whole Main Group". The Journal of Physical Chemistry A (American Chemical Society (ACS)) 113 (19): 5806–5812. doi:10.1021/jp8111556. ISSN 1089-5639. PMID 19382751. Bibcode: 2009JPCA..113.5806M. http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=3658832
- E. Clementi; D.L.Raimondi; W.P. Reinhardt (1967). "Atomic Screening Constants from SCF Functions. II. Atoms with 37 to 86 Electrons". The Journal of Chemical Physics 47 (4): 1300–1307. doi:10.1063/1.1712084. Bibcode: 1967JChPh..47.1300C. https://dx.doi.org/10.1063%2F1.1712084
- error
- S. Riedel; P.Pyykkö, M. Patzschke; Patzschke, M (2005). "Triple-Bond Covalent Radii". Chem. Eur. J. 11 (12): 3511–3520. doi:10.1002/chem.200401299. PMID 15832398. https://dx.doi.org/10.1002%2Fchem.200401299
- Neon has van der Waal's radii thus its radii is the highest in its period
