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HandWiki. Atomic Radii of the Elements (Data Page). Encyclopedia. Available online: https://encyclopedia.pub/entry/37871 (accessed on 24 April 2024).
HandWiki. Atomic Radii of the Elements (Data Page). Encyclopedia. Available at: https://encyclopedia.pub/entry/37871. Accessed April 24, 2024.
HandWiki. "Atomic Radii of the Elements (Data Page)" Encyclopedia, https://encyclopedia.pub/entry/37871 (accessed April 24, 2024).
HandWiki. (2022, December 02). Atomic Radii of the Elements (Data Page). In Encyclopedia. https://encyclopedia.pub/entry/37871
HandWiki. "Atomic Radii of the Elements (Data Page)." Encyclopedia. Web. 02 December, 2022.
Atomic Radii of the Elements (Data Page)
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The content is sourced from: https://handwiki.org/wiki/Physics:Atomic_radii_of_the_elements_(data_page)

The atomic radius of a chemical element is the distance from the center of the nucleus to the outermost shell of an electron. Since the boundary is not a well-defined physical entity, there are various non-equivalent definitions of atomic radius. Depending on the definition, the term may apply only to isolated atoms, or also to atoms in condensed matter, covalently bound in molecules, or in ionized and excited states; and its value may be obtained through experimental measurements, or computed from theoretical models. Under some definitions, the value of the radius may depend on the atom's state and context. Atomic radii vary in a predictable and explicable manner across the periodic table. For instance, the radii generally decrease rightward along each period (row) of the table, from the alkali metals to the noble gases; and increase down each group (column). The radius increases sharply between the noble gas at the end of each period and the alkali metal at the beginning of the next period. These trends of the atomic radii (and of various other chemical and physical properties of the elements) can be explained by the electron shell theory of the atom; they provided important evidence for the development and confirmation of quantum theory.

physical properties chemical element alkali metal

1. Atomic Radius

Note: All measurements given are in picometers (pm). For more recent data on covalent radii see Covalent radius. Just as atomic units are given in terms of the atomic mass unit (approximately the proton mass), the physically appropriate unit of length here is the Bohr radius, which is the radius of a hydrogen atom. The Bohr radius is consequently known as the "atomic unit of length". It is often denoted by a0 and is approximately 53 pm. Hence, the values of atomic radii given here in picometers can be converted to atomic units by dividing by 53, to the level of accuracy of the data given in this table.

https://handwiki.org/wiki/index.php?curid=1213796
atomic number symbol name empirical † Calculated van der Waals Covalent (single bond) Covalent (triple bond) Metallic
1 H hydrogen 120[1] or 110[2] 32    
2 He helium 31[3] 140[1][2] 46    
3 Li lithium 145[4] 167[3] 182[1] or 181[2] 133   152
4 Be beryllium 105[4] 112[3] 153[2] 102 85[5] 112
5 B boron 85[4] 87[3] 192[2] 85 73[5]  
6 C carbon 70[4] 67[3] 170[1][2] 75 60[5]  
7 N nitrogen 65[4] 56[3] 155[1][2] 71 54[5]  
8 O oxygen 60[4] 48[3] 152[1][2] 63 53[5]  
9 F fluorine 50[4] 42[3] 147[1][2] 64 53[5]  
10 Ne neon 160 [6] 38[3] 154[1][2] 67    
11 Na sodium 180[4] 190[3] 227[1][2] 155   186
12 Mg magnesium 150[4] 145[3] 173[1][2] 139 127[5] 160
13 Al aluminium 125[4] 118[3] 184[2] 126 111[5] 143
14 Si silicon 110[4] 111[3] 210[1][2] 116 102[5]  
15 P phosphorus 100[4] 98[3] 180[1][2] 111 94[5]  
16 S sulfur 100[4] 88[3] 180[1][2] 103 95[5]  
17 Cl chlorine 100[4] 79[3] 175[1][2] 99 93[5]  
18 Ar argon 71[3] 188[1][2] 96 96[5]  
19 K potassium 220[4] 243[3] 275[1][2] 196   227
20 Ca calcium 180[4] 194[3] 231[2] 171 133[5] 197
21 Sc scandium 160[4] 184[3] 148 114[5] 162 b
22 Ti titanium 140[4] 176[3]   136 108[5] 147
23 V vanadium 135[4] 171[3]   134 106[5] 134 b
24 Cr chromium 140[4] 166[3]   122 103[5] 128 b
25 Mn manganese 140[4] 161[3]   119 103[5] 127 b
26 Fe iron 140[4] 156[3]   116 102[5] 126 b
27 Co cobalt 135[4] 152[3]   111 96[5] 125 b
28 Ni nickel 135[4] 149[3] 163[1] 110 101[5] 124 b
29 Cu copper 135[4] 145[3] 140[1] 112 120[5] 128 b
30 Zn zinc 135[4] 142[3] 139[1] 118   134 b
31 Ga gallium 130[4] 136[3] 187[1][2] 124 121[5] 135 c
32 Ge germanium 125[4] 125[3] 211[2] 121 114[5]  
33 As arsenic 115[4] 114[3] 185[1][2] 121 106[5]  
34 Se selenium 115[4] 103[3] 190[1][2] 116 107[5]  
35 Br bromine 115[4] 94[3] 185[1] or 183[2] 114 110[5]  
36 Kr krypton   88[3] 202[1][2] 117 108[5]  
37 Rb rubidium 235[4] 265[3] 303[2] 210   248
38 Sr strontium 200[4] 219[3] 249[2] 185 139[5] 215
39 Y yttrium 180[4] 212[3]   163 124[5] 180 b
40 Zr zirconium 155[4] 206[3]   154 121[5] 160
41 Nb niobium 145[4] 198[3]   147 116[5] 146 b
42 Mo molybdenum 145[4] 190[3]   138 113[5] 139 b
43 Tc technetium 135[4] 183[3]   128 110[5] 136 b
44 Ru ruthenium 130[4] 178[3]   125 103[5] 134 b
45 Rh rhodium 135[4] 173[3]   125 106[5] 134 b
46 Pd palladium 140[4] 169[3] 163[1] 120 112[5] 137 b
47 Ag silver 160[4] 165[3] 172[1] 128 137[5] 144 b
48 Cd cadmium 155[4] 161[3] 158[1] 136   151 b
49 In indium 155[4] 156[3] 193[1][2] 142 146[5] 167
50 Sn tin 145[4] 145[3] 217[1][2] 140 132[5]  
51 Sb antimony 145[4] 133[3] 206[2] 140 127[5]  
52 Te tellurium 140[4] 123[3] 206[1][2] 136 121[5]  
53 I iodine 140[4] 115[3] 198[1][2] 133 125[5]  
54 Xe xenon   108[3] 216[1][2] 131 122[5]  
55 Cs caesium 260[4] 298[3] 343[2] 232   265
56 Ba barium 215[4] 253[3] 268[2] 196 149[5] 222
57 La lanthanum 195[4]   180 139[5] 187 b
58 Ce cerium 185[4]   163 131[5] 181.8 c
59 Pr praseodymium 185[4] 247[3]   176 128[5] 182.4 c
60 Nd neodymium 185[4] 206[3]   174   181.4 c
61 Pm promethium 185[4] 205[3]   173   183.4 c
62 Sm samarium 185[4] 238[3]   172   180.4 c
63 Eu europium 185[4] 231[3]   168   180.4 c
64 Gd gadolinium 180[4] 233[3]   169 132[5] 180.4 c
65 Tb terbium 175[4] 225[3]   168   177.3 c
66 Dy dysprosium 175[4] 228[3]   167   178.1 c
67 Ho holmium 175[4] 226[3]   166   176.2 c
68 Er erbium 175[4] 226[3]   165   176.1 c
69 Tm thulium 175[4] 222[3]   164   175.9 c
70 Yb ytterbium 175[4] 222[3]   170   176 c
71 Lu lutetium 175[4] 217[3]   162 131[5] 173.8 c
72 Hf hafnium 155[4] 208[3]   152 122[5] 159
73 Ta tantalum 145[4] 200[3]   146 119[5] 146 b
74 W tungsten 135[4] 193[3]   137 115[5] 139 b
75 Re rhenium 135[4] 188[3]   131 110[5] 137 b
76 Os osmium 130[4] 185[3]   129 109[5] 135 b
77 Ir iridium 135[4] 180[3]   122 107[5] 135.5 b
78 Pt platinum 135[4] 177[3] 175[1] 123 110[5] 138.5 b
79 Au gold 135[4] 174[3] 166[1] 124 123[5] 144 b
80 Hg mercury 150[4] 171[3] 155[1] 133   151 b
81 Tl thallium 190[4] 156[3] 196[1][2] 144 150[5] 170
82 Pb lead 154[3] 202[1][2] 144 137[5]  
83 Bi bismuth 160[4] 143[3] 207[2] 151 135[5]  
84 Po polonium 190[4] 135[3] 197[2] 145 129[5]  
85 At astatine   127[3] 202[2] 147 138[5]  
86 Rn radon   120[3] 220[2] 142 133[5]  
87 Fr francium     348[2]      
88 Ra radium 215[4]   283[2] 201 159[5]  
89 Ac actinium 195[4]     186 140[5]  
90 Th thorium 180[4]     175 136[5] 179 b
91 Pa protactinium 180[4]     169 129[5] 163 d
92 U uranium 175[4]   186[1] 170 118[5] 156 e
93 Np neptunium 175[4]     171 116[5] 155 e
94 Pu plutonium 175[4]     172   159 e
95 Am americium 175[4]     166   173 b
96 Cm curium     166   174 b
97 Bk berkelium           170 b
98 Cf californium           186±2 b
99 Es einsteinium           186±2 b
100 Fm fermium            
101 Md mendelevium            
102 No nobelium            
103 Lr lawrencium            
104 Rf rutherfordium         131[5]  
105 Db dubnium         126[5]  
106 Sg seaborgium         121[5]  
107 Bh bohrium         119[5]  
108 Hs hassium         118[5]  
109 Mt meitnerium         113[5]  
110 Ds darmstadtium         112[5]  
111 Rg roentgenium         118[5]  
112 Cn copernicium         130[5]  
113 Nh nihonium            
114 Fl flerovium            
115 Mc moscovium            
116 Lv livermorium            
117 Ts tennessine            
118 Og oganesson            

References

  1. A. Bondi (1964). "van der Waals Volumes and Radii". The Journal of Physical Chemistry 68 (3): 441–451. doi:10.1021/j100785a001.  https://dx.doi.org/10.1021%2Fj100785a001
  2. Mantina, Manjeera; Chamberlin, Adam C.; Valero, Rosendo; Cramer, Christopher J.; Truhlar, Donald G. (2009-04-21). "Consistent van der Waals Radii for the Whole Main Group". The Journal of Physical Chemistry A (American Chemical Society (ACS)) 113 (19): 5806–5812. doi:10.1021/jp8111556. ISSN 1089-5639. PMID 19382751. Bibcode: 2009JPCA..113.5806M.  http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=3658832
  3. E. Clementi; D.L.Raimondi; W.P. Reinhardt (1967). "Atomic Screening Constants from SCF Functions. II. Atoms with 37 to 86 Electrons". The Journal of Chemical Physics 47 (4): 1300–1307. doi:10.1063/1.1712084. Bibcode: 1967JChPh..47.1300C.  https://dx.doi.org/10.1063%2F1.1712084
  4. error
  5. S. Riedel; P.Pyykkö, M. Patzschke; Patzschke, M (2005). "Triple-Bond Covalent Radii". Chem. Eur. J. 11 (12): 3511–3520. doi:10.1002/chem.200401299. PMID 15832398.  https://dx.doi.org/10.1002%2Fchem.200401299
  6. Neon has van der Waal's radii thus its radii is the highest in its period
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