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HandWiki. Precambrian. Encyclopedia. Available online: https://encyclopedia.pub/entry/34666 (accessed on 22 September 2026).
HandWiki. Precambrian. Encyclopedia. Available at: https://encyclopedia.pub/entry/34666. Accessed September 22, 2026.
HandWiki. "Precambrian" Encyclopedia, https://encyclopedia.pub/entry/34666 (accessed September 22, 2026).
HandWiki. (2022, November 15). Precambrian. In Encyclopedia. https://encyclopedia.pub/entry/34666
HandWiki. "Precambrian." Encyclopedia. Web. 15 November, 2022.
Precambrian
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The content is sourced from: https://handwiki.org/wiki/Earth:Precambrian

The Precambrian (or Pre-Cambrian, sometimes abbreviated pЄ, or Cryptozoic) is the earliest part of Earth's history, set before the current Phanerozoic Eon. The Precambrian is so named because it preceded the Cambrian, the first period of the Phanerozoic eon, which is named after Cambria, the Latinised name for Wales, where rocks from this age were first studied. The Precambrian accounts for 88% of the Earth's geologic time. The Precambrian (colored green in the timeline figure) is an informal unit of geologic time, subdivided into three eons (Hadean, Archean, Proterozoic) of the geologic time scale. It spans from the formation of Earth about 4.6 billion years ago (Ga) to the beginning of the Cambrian Period, about 541 million years ago (Ma), when hard-shelled creatures first appeared in abundance.

cambria geologic time precambrian

References

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  2. Levin, Harold L. (25 October 2005). "The Earliest Earth: 2,100,000,000 years of the Archean Eon". in Gore, Pamela J.W.. The Earth Through Time. p. 1. http://higheredbcs.wiley.com/legacy/college/levin/0471697435/chap_tut/chaps/chapter08-01.html. 
  3. Davis, C.M. (1964). "The Precambrian Era". Readings in the Geography of Michigan. Michigan State University. http://geo.msu.edu/extra/geogmich/precambrian.html. 
  4. "Zircons are Forever". Department of Geoscience. 2005. http://geoscience.wisc.edu/geoscience/people/faculty/john-valley/zircons-are-forever/. 
  5. Fan, Junxuan; Hou, Xudong (February 2017). "Chart". International Commission on Stratigraphy. International Chronostratigraphic Chart. http://www.stratigraphy.org/index.php/ics-chart-timescale. 
  6. U.S. Geological Survey Geologic Names Committee (2010), "Divisions of geologic time—major chronostratigraphic and geochronologic units", U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 2010–3059 (United States Geological Survey): pp. 2, https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2010/3059/, retrieved 20 June 2018 
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  9. Zimmer, Carl (1 March 2017). "Scientists Say Canadian Bacteria Fossils May Be Earth's Oldest". The New York Times. https://www.nytimes.com/2017/03/01/science/earths-oldest-bacteria-fossils.html. Retrieved 2 March 2017. 
  10. Ghosh, Pallab (1 March 2017). "Earliest evidence of life on Earth 'found'". BBC News. https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/science-environment-39117523. Retrieved 2 March 2017. 
  11. Dunham, Will (1 March 2017). "Canadian bacteria-like fossils called oldest evidence of life". Reuters. http://ca.reuters.com/article/topNews/idCAKBN16858B?sp=true. Retrieved 1 March 2017. 
  12. Fedonkin, Mikhail A.; Gehling, James G.; Grey, Kathleen; Narbonne, Guy M.; Vickers-Rich, Patricia (2007). The Rise of Animals: Evolution and Diversification of the Kingdom Animalia. JHU Press. pp. 326. doi:10.1086/598305. ISBN 9780801886799.  https://dx.doi.org/10.1086%2F598305
  13. Dawkins, Richard; Wong, Yan (2005). The Ancestor's Tale: A Pilgrimage to the Dawn of Evolution. Houghton Mifflin Harcourt. pp. 673. ISBN 9780618619160. https://archive.org/details/ancestorstale00rich_0. 
  14. Selden, Paul A. (2005). "Terrestrialization (Precambrian–Devonian)". Encyclopedia of Life Sciences. John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.. doi:10.1038/npg.els.0004145. ISBN 978-0470016176. http://www.paulselden.net/uploads/7/5/3/2/7532217/elsterrestrialization.pdf. 
  15. Scientists discover 'oldest footprints on Earth' in southern China dating back 550 million years The Independent https://www.independent.co.uk/news/science/archaeology/oldest-fossil-footprints-china-found-discovered-yangtze-virginia-tech-a8386911.html
  16. Clemmey, Harry; Badham, Nick (1982). "Oxygen in the Precambrian Atmosphere". Geology 10 (3): 141–146. doi:10.1130/0091-7613(1982)10<141:OITPAA>2.0.CO;2. Bibcode: 1982Geo....10..141C.  https://dx.doi.org/10.1130%2F0091-7613%281982%2910%3C141%3AOITPAA%3E2.0.CO%3B2
  17. Geological Society of America's "2009 GSA Geologic Time Scale." https://www.geosociety.org/science/timescale/
  18. "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 2012-05-10. https://web.archive.org/web/20120510002121/http://www4.uwsp.edu/geo/faculty/hefferan/Geol106/CLASS3/hadean.htm. Retrieved 2011-03-27. 
  19. Bleeker, W. (2004) [2004]. "Toward a "natural" Precambrian time scale". in Felix M. Gradstein. A Geologic Time Scale 2004. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-521-78673-7.  also available at Stratigraphy.org: Precambrian subcommission http://www.stratigraphy.org/bak/precambrian/Bleeker_2004.pdf
  20. Zhao, Guochun; Cawood, Peter A.; Wilde, Simon A.; Sun, M. (2002). "Review of global 2.1–1.8 Ga orogens: implications for a pre-Rodinia super-continent". Earth-Science Reviews 59 (1): 125–162. doi:10.1016/S0012-8252(02)00073-9. Bibcode: 2002ESRv...59..125Z.  https://dx.doi.org/10.1016%2FS0012-8252%2802%2900073-9
  21. Zhao, Guochun; Sun, M.; Wilde, Simon A.; Li, S.Z. (2004). "A Paleo-Mesoproterozoic super-continent: assembly, growth and breakup". Earth-Science Reviews 67 (1): 91–123. doi:10.1016/j.earscirev.2004.02.003. Bibcode: 2004ESRv...67...91Z. http://www.gt-crust.ru/jour/article/view/518. 
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