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References

1. McMahon, Mary (January 23, 2021). "How do Scientists Determine the World's Tallest Mountain?". https://www.infobloom.com/how-do-scientists-determine-the-worlds-tallest-mountain.htm. 
2. Fichtl, Marcus (August 31, 2017). "Guam's Mount Lamlam technically world's tallest mountain, though most of it is underwater". https://www.stripes.com/lifestyle/guam-s-mount-lamlam-technically-world-s-tallest-mountain-though-most-of-it-is-underwater-1.485437. 
3. Krulwich, Robert (April 7, 2007). "The 'Highest' Spot on Earth?". https://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=9428163. 
4. "Mount Aconcagua". worldatlas.org. https://www.worldatlas.com/mountains/mount-aconcagua.html. 
5. Peaks which are considered sub-prominences are given a rank of "S".
6. For Nepal, the heights indicated on the Nepal Topographic Maps are followed. For China and the Baltoro Karakoram, the heights are those of Mi Desheng's "The Maps of Snow Mountains in China". For the Hispar Karakoram the heights on a Russian 1:100,000 topo map.[5] seem to be more accurate than the customarily quoted heights probably based on US army maps from the 50s.[6] Elsewhere, unless otherwise indicated, heights are those in [7]
7. Prominences over 1,500 m were copied from,[8] the remainder corresponds to those listed in [9]
8. Coordinates were established by comparing topographical maps with satellite images and SRTM-derived terrain maps. The terrain maps and satellite images often don't match exactly. An asterisk (*) indicates that the map and image are shifted by more than 100 m (4") and/or that the landscapes around the summit don't match.
9. Here defined as the first higher mountain beyond the key saddle with at least 500 m prominence itself.
10. The number of ascents and failed attempts up to 2004 is extracted from [10] These are the number of expeditions (not individuals) that announced their ascent or attempt in a journal. They are probably quite accurate for the rarely climbed peaks (though omissions were noted), but greatly underestimate the number of ascending parties on the easier and/or more popular mountains, like most eight-thousanders. For instance, Mt Everest has been scaled 2,251 times by individuals up to 2004 .[11]
11. Given the large differences between multiple "definitive" measurements of Mount Everest, the traditional 8,848 m is listed. For more information, see Mount Everest.
12. In Pakistan's disputed Gilgit-Baltistan region, claimed by India.
13. "K2". Britannica. https://www.britannica.com/place/K2. 
14. Cho Oyu's height is 8,188 m according to the Nepal Survey's 1996 topographical map,[13] which represents the best known measurement to date. Previous estimates have been 8,153 m and 8,201 m
15. "Nanga Parbat". Britannica. https://www.britannica.com/place/Nanga-Parbat. 
16. In the Trans-Karakoram or Shaksgam Tract, ceded by Pakistan from its disputed Gilgit-Baltistan region to China's Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region, claimed by India as a part of its Ladakh union territory. https://www.wikipedia.org/wiki/India
17. On the border of the Siachen Glacier area, which is controlled by India, but is also claimed by Pakistan.
18. In India's disputed Ladakh region, claimed by Pakistan.
19. The 1998 1:50,000 National Geographic map of Mount Everest has a height of 7,583 m for "Bei Peak" and 7,066 m for Bei'ao (North Col), giving a 517 m prominence. Mi Desheng's 1997 1:100,000 map of the Everest region has a 7,543 summit and a 7,042 m indication near the col, not quite corresponding to the lowest pass. His 1975 1:50,000 version (in Chinese only) has Changtse at 7,580 and North Col at 7,028. All maps agree that the eastern summit is the highest.
20. Wholly claimed by China as a part of its Tibet Autonomous Region; on the border with Bhutan according to Bhutan
21. The highest (Eastern) summit of Saser Kangri II was climbed on August 24th, 2011.[15] The lower West peak, 2.5 km away, has been climbed in 1984 and twice since.
22. Abbey, Major A. (1996). "Kabru - Mountain of the Gods". Himalayan Journal 52: 29–36. https://www.himalayanclub.org/hj/52/5/kabru-mountain-of-the-gods/. In this report the northern and highest point of the massif is called Kabru III (first ascent May 1994) and the central, median height peak is called Kabru North. The latter may have been climbed as early as 1883.
23. The Rimo mountains are in the Siachen Glacier region controlled by India, but claimed by Pakistan
24. Yashima, Hiroshi (1988). "Cho Aui Expedition 1986". Himalayan Journal 44. https://www.himalayanclub.org/hj/44/27/expeditions-and-notes-44/. 
25. Hechtel, Richard (1965). "Talung Peak". AAJ. http://publications.americanalpineclub.org/articles/12196528000/Talung-Peak. The Himalayan index has the 1964 expedition as an attempt, but Franz Lindner and Tenzing Nindra did claim the summit.
26. The height is unknown, but over 7,200 metres on both Chinese and Russian maps of the area.
27. The name and information about this summit was extracted from the May 2003 edition of Japanese Alpine News.
28. Wholly claimed by Bhutan, but on the border of the Tibet Autonomous Region according to China.
29. Nakamura, Tamotsu (2002). "First Ascent of Shimokangri on Tibet-Bhutan border". Man and Mountain: 41–44. http://jac.or.jp/english/images/vol3/jan-vol3-41-44.pdf.