Video Upload Options

References

1. Van Auken, O.W. (July 2009). "Causes and consequences of woody plant encroachment into western North American grasslands". Journal of Environmental Management 90 (10): 2931–2942. doi:10.1016/j.jenvman.2009.04.023. PMID 19501450. https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0301479709001522. 
2. Archer, Steve; Boutton, Thomas W.; Hibbard, K.A. (2001), "Trees in Grasslands" (in en), Global Biogeochemical Cycles in the Climate System (Elsevier): pp. 115–137, doi:10.1016/b978-012631260-7/50011-x, ISBN 978-0-12-631260-7, https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/B978012631260750011X, retrieved 2021-07-03 
3. Staples, R.R. 1945. Veld Burning. Rhodesian Agricultural Journal 42, 44-52.
4. West, O. (1947). "Thorn bush encroachment in relation to the management of veld grazing". Rhodesian Agricultural Journal 44: 488–497. OCLC 709537921. http://worldcat.org/oclc/709537921. 
5. Walter, H. (1954). "Die Verbuschung, eine Erscheinung der subtropischen Savannengebiete, und ihre ökologischen Ursachen" (in de). Vegetatio Acta Geobot 5: 6–10. doi:10.1007/BF00299544.  https://dx.doi.org/10.1007%2FBF00299544
6. Devine, Aisling P.; McDonald, Robbie A.; Quaife, Tristan; Maclean, Ilya M. D. (2017). "Determinants of woody encroachment and cover in African savannas". Oecologia 183 (4): 939–951. doi:10.1007/s00442-017-3807-6. ISSN 0029-8549. PMID 28116524. Bibcode: 2017Oecol.183..939D.  http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=5348564
7. Trollope, W.S.W.; Trollope, Lynne A.; Bosch, O.J.H. (March 1990). "Veld and pasture management terminology in southern Africa". Journal of the Grassland Society of Southern Africa 7 (1): 52–61. doi:10.1080/02566702.1990.9648205. ISSN 0256-6702. http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/02566702.1990.9648205. 
8. Moreira, Francisco; Viedma, Olga; Arianoutsou, Margarita; Curt, Thomas; Koutsias, Nikos; Rigolot, Eric; Barbati, Anna; Corona, Piermaria et al. (2011). "Landscape – wildfire interactions in southern Europe: Implications for landscape management". Journal of Environmental Management 92 (10): 2389–2402. doi:10.1016/j.jenvman.2011.06.028. PMID 21741757. https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0301479711002258. 
9. Zinnert, Julie C.; Nippert, Jesse B.; Rudgers, Jennifer A.; Pennings, Steven C.; González, Grizelle; Alber, Merryl; Baer, Sara G.; Blair, John M. et al. (May 2021). "State changes: insights from the U.S. Long Term Ecological Research Network" (in en). Ecosphere 12 (5). doi:10.1002/ecs2.3433. ISSN 2150-8925. https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/ecs2.3433. 
10. Jeltsch, Florian; Milton, Suzanne J.; Dean, W. R. J.; Rooyen, Noel Van (1997). "Analysing Shrub Encroachment in the Southern Kalahari: A Grid-Based Modelling Approach". The Journal of Applied Ecology 34 (6): 1497. doi:10.2307/2405265. https://www.jstor.org/stable/2405265. 
11. Brown, Joel R.; Archer, Steve (1999). [2385:SIOGRI2.0.CO;2 "Shrub invasion of grassland: recruitment is continuous and not regulated by herbaceous biomass or density."]. Ecology 80 (7): 2385–2396. doi:10.1890/0012-9658(1999)080[2385:SIOGRI2.0.CO;2]. ISSN 0012-9658. http://doi.wiley.com/10.1890/0012-9658(1999)080[2385:SIOGRI]2.0.CO;2. 
12. O'Connor, Tim G; Puttick, James R; Hoffman, M Timm (4 May 2014). "Bush encroachment in southern Africa: changes and causes". African Journal of Range & Forage Science 31 (2): 67–88. doi:10.2989/10220119.2014.939996. ISSN 1022-0119. http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.2989/10220119.2014.939996. 
13. Trollope, W.S.W. (1980). "Controlling bush encroachment with fire in the savanna areas of South Africa". Proceedings of the Annual Congresses of the Grassland Society of Southern Africa 15 (1): 173–177. doi:10.1080/00725560.1980.9648907. ISSN 0072-5560. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00725560.1980.9648907. 
14. Van Langevelde, Frank; Van De Vijver, Claudius A. D. M.; Kumar, Lalit; Van De Koppel, Johan; De Ridder, Nico; Van Andel, Jelte; Skidmore, Andrew K.; Hearne, John W. et al. (2003). [0337:EOFAHO2.0.CO;2 "Effects of Fire and Herbivory on the Stability of Savanna Ecosystems"]. Ecology 84 (2): 337–350. doi:10.1890/0012-9658(2003)084[0337:EOFAHO2.0.CO;2]. ISSN 0012-9658. http://doi.wiley.com/10.1890/0012-9658(2003)084[0337:EOFAHO]2.0.CO;2. 
15. Archibald, Sally; Roy, David P.; van Wilgen, Brian W.; Scholes, Robert J. (March 2009). "What limits fire? An examination of drivers of burnt area in Southern Africa" (in en). Global Change Biology 15 (3): 613–630. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2486.2008.01754.x. Bibcode: 2009GCBio..15..613A. http://doi.wiley.com/10.1111/j.1365-2486.2008.01754.x. 
16. Staver, C.; Archibald, S.; Levin, S.A. (2011). "The Global Extent and Determinants of Savanna and Forest as Alternative Biome States". Science 334 (6053): 230–232. doi:10.1126/science.1210465. PMID 21998389. Bibcode: 2011Sci...334..230S.  https://dx.doi.org/10.1126%2Fscience.1210465
17. Lehmann, Caroline E. R.; Archibald, Sally A.; Hoffmann, William A.; Bond, William J. (2011). "Deciphering the distribution of the savanna biome". New Phytologist 191 (1): 197–209. doi:10.1111/j.1469-8137.2011.03689.x. PMID 21463328. http://doi.wiley.com/10.1111/j.1469-8137.2011.03689.x. 
18. Ratajczak, Zak; Nippert, Jesse B.; Briggs, John M.; Blair, John M. (2014). Sala, Osvaldo. ed. "Fire dynamics distinguish grasslands, shrublands and woodlands as alternative attractors in the Central Great Plains of North America". Journal of Ecology 102 (6): 1374–1385. doi:10.1111/1365-2745.12311. http://doi.wiley.com/10.1111/1365-2745.12311. 
19. Sühs, Rafael Barbizan; Giehl, Eduardo Luís Hettwer; Peroni, Nivaldo (December 2020). "Preventing traditional management can cause grassland loss within 30 years in southern Brazil". Scientific Reports 10 (1): 783. doi:10.1038/s41598-020-57564-z. ISSN 2045-2322. PMID 31964935. Bibcode: 2020NatSR..10..783S.  http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=6972928
20. Schreiner-McGraw, Adam P.; Vivoni, Enrique R.; Ajami, Hoori; Sala, Osvaldo E.; Throop, Heather L.; Peters, Debra P. C. (December 2020). "Woody Plant Encroachment has a Larger Impact than Climate Change on Dryland Water Budgets" (in en). Scientific Reports 10 (1): 8112. doi:10.1038/s41598-020-65094-x. ISSN 2045-2322. PMID 32415221. Bibcode: 2020NatSR..10.8112S.  http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=7229153
21. Skarpe, Christina (December 1990). "Shrub Layer Dynamics Under Different Herbivore Densities in an Arid Savanna, Botswana". The Journal of Applied Ecology 27 (3): 873–885. doi:10.2307/2404383. https://www.jstor.org/stable/2404383. 
22. Wigley, Benjamin J.; Bond, William J.; Hoffman, M. Timm (March 2010). "Thicket expansion in a South African savanna under divergent land use: local vs. global drivers?". Global Change Biology 16 (3): 964–976. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2486.2009.02030.x. Bibcode: 2010GCBio..16..964W. http://doi.wiley.com/10.1111/j.1365-2486.2009.02030.x. 
23. Bond, W. J.; Midgley, G. F.; Woodward, F. I. (2003). "The importance of low atmospheric CO 2 and fire in promoting the spread of grasslands and savannas". Global Change Biology 9 (7): 973–982. doi:10.1046/j.1365-2486.2003.00577.x. Bibcode: 2003GCBio...9..973B. http://doi.wiley.com/10.1046/j.1365-2486.2003.00577.x. 
24. Tabares, Ximena; Zimmermann, Heike; Dietze, Elisabeth; Ratzmann, Gregor; Belz, Lukas; Vieth‐Hillebrand, Andrea; Dupont, Lydie; Wilkes, Heinz et al. (January 2020). "Vegetation state changes in the course of shrub encroachment in an African savanna since about 1850 CE and their potential drivers". Ecology and Evolution 10 (2): 962–979. doi:10.1002/ece3.5955. PMID 32015858.  http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=6988543
25. Luvuno, Linda; Biggs, Reinette; Stevens, Nicola; Esler, Karen (2018). "Woody Encroachment as a Social-Ecological Regime Shift". Sustainability 10 (7): 2221. doi:10.3390/su10072221.  https://dx.doi.org/10.3390%2Fsu10072221
26. Kumar, Dushyant; Pfeiffer, Mirjam; Gaillard, Camille; Langan, Liam; Scheiter, Simon (2 June 2020). "Climate change and elevated CO₂ favor forest over savanna under different future scenarios in South Asia". Biogeosciences 18 (9): 2957–2979. doi:10.5194/bg-2020-169. https://bg.copernicus.org/preprints/bg-2020-169/. 
27. Archer SR; Davies K.W; Fulbright T.E; McDaniel K.C; Wilcox B.P.; Predick K.I (2011). "Brush management as a rangeland conservation strategy: a critical evaluation". Conservation benefits of rangeland practices: assessment, recommendations, and knowledge gaps. Allen Press. ISBN 978-0984949908. 
28. García Criado, M; Myers‐Smith, IH; Bjorkman, AD; Lehmann, CER; Stevens, N. (May 2020). "Woody plant encroachment intensifies under climate change across tundra and savanna biomes". Glob. Ecol. Biogeogr. 29 (5): 925–943. doi:10.1111/geb.13072. https://www.pure.ed.ac.uk/ws/files/134843317/61._Myers_Smith.pdf. 
29. Ncisana, Lusanda; Mkhize, Ntuthuko R; Scogings, Peter F (9 May 2021). "Warming promotes growth of seedlings of a woody encroacher in grassland dominated by C 4 species". African Journal of Range & Forage Science: 1–9. doi:10.2989/10220119.2021.1913762. ISSN 1022-0119. https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.2989/10220119.2021.1913762. 
30. Stevens, Nicola; Erasmus, B. F. N.; Archibald, S.; Bond, W. J. (19 September 2016). "Woody encroachment over 70 years in South African savannahs: overgrazing, global change or extinction aftershock?". Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 371 (1703): 20150437. doi:10.1098/rstb.2015.0437. ISSN 0962-8436. PMID 27502384.  http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=4978877
31. Ward, David; Hoffman, M Timm; Collocott, Sarah J (4 May 2014). "A century of woody plant encroachment in the dry Kimberley savanna of South Africa". African Journal of Range & Forage Science 31 (2): 107–121. doi:10.2989/10220119.2014.914974. ISSN 1022-0119. http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.2989/10220119.2014.914974. 
32. IPCC, 2018: Global Warming of 1.5°C. An IPCC Special Report on the impacts of global warming of 1.5°C above pre-industrial levels and related global greenhouse gas emission pathways, in the context of strengthening the global response to the threat of climate change, sustainable development, and efforts to eradicate poverty [Masson-Delmotte, V., P. Zhai, H.-O. Pörtner, D. Roberts, J. Skea, P.R. Shukla, A. Pirani, W. Moufouma-Okia, C. Péan, R. Pidcock, S. Connors, J.B.R. Matthews, Y. Chen, X. Zhou, M.I. Gomis, E. Lonnoy, T. Maycock, M. Tignor, and T. Waterfield (eds.)]. In Press. https://www.ipcc.ch/sr15/
33. Bora, Zinabu; Wang, Yongdong; Xu, Xinwen; Angassa, Ayana; You, Yuan (July 2021). "Effects comparison of co-occurring Vachellia tree species on understory herbaceous vegetation biomass and soil nutrient: Case of semi-arid savanna grasslands in southern Ethiopia". Journal of Arid Environments 190: 104527. doi:10.1016/j.jaridenv.2021.104527. Bibcode: 2021JArEn.190j4527B. https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0140196321000938. 
34. Eldridge DJ, Soliveres S (2014). "Are shrubs really a sign of declining ecosystem function? Disentangling the myths and truths of woody encroachment in Australia.". Australian Journal of Botany 62 (7): 594–608. doi:10.1071/BT14137. https://www.publish.csiro.au/bt/BT14137. 
35. Eldridge, David J.; Bowker, Matthew A.; Maestre, Fernando T.; Roger, Erin; Reynolds, James F.; Whitford, Walter G. (2011). "Impacts of shrub encroachment on ecosystem structure and functioning: towards a global synthesis". Ecology Letters 14 (7): 709–722. doi:10.1111/j.1461-0248.2011.01630.x. ISSN 1461-0248. PMID 21592276.  http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=3563963
36. Maestre, Fernando T.; Eldridge, David J.; Soliveres, Santiago; Kéfi, Sonia; Delgado-Baquerizo, Manuel; Bowker, Matthew A.; García-Palacios, Pablo; Gaitán, Juan et al. (November 2016). "Structure and Functioning of Dryland Ecosystems in a Changing World". Annual Review of Ecology, Evolution, and Systematics 47 (1): 215–237. doi:10.1146/annurev-ecolsys-121415-032311. ISSN 1543-592X. PMID 28239303.  http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=5321561
37. Eldridge, David J.; Soliveres, Santiago; Bowker, Matthew A.; Val, James (4 June 2013). "Grazing dampens the positive effects of shrub encroachment on ecosystem functions in a semi-arid woodland". Journal of Applied Ecology 50 (4): 1028–1038. doi:10.1111/1365-2664.12105. ISSN 0021-8901. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1365-2664.12105. 
38. Soliveres, Santiago; Maestre, Fernando T.; Eldridge, David J.; Delgado-Baquerizo, Manuel; Quero, José Luis; Bowker, Matthew A.; Gallardo, Antonio (December 2014). "Plant diversity and ecosystem multifunctionality peak at intermediate levels of woody cover in global drylands: Woody dominance and ecosystem functioning". Global Ecology and Biogeography 23 (12): 1408–1416. doi:10.1111/geb.12215. PMID 25914607.  http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=4407977
39. Riginos, Corinna; Grace, James B.; Augustine, David J.; Young, Truman P. (November 2009). "Local versus landscape-scale effects of savanna trees on grasses". Journal of Ecology 97 (6): 1337–1345. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2745.2009.01563.x. ISSN 0022-0477. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2745.2009.01563.x. 
40. Knapp, Alan K.; Briggs, John M.; Collins, Scott L.; Archer, Steven R.; Bret-Harte, M. Syndonia; Ewers, Brent E.; Peters, Debra P.; Young, Donald R. et al. (2008). "Shrub encroachment in North American grasslands: shifts in growth form dominance rapidly alters control of ecosystem carbon inputs: SHRUB ENCROACHMENT INTO GRASSLANDS ALTERS CARBON INPUTS". Global Change Biology 14 (3): 615–623. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2486.2007.01512.x. http://doi.wiley.com/10.1111/j.1365-2486.2007.01512.x. 
41. Conant, F. (1982). Thorns paired, sharply recurved: Cultural controls and rangeland quality in East Africa. In Spooner, B., and Mann, H. (eds.), Desertification and Development; Dryland Ecology in Social Perspective. Academic Press, London.
42. Asner, Gregory P.; Elmore, Andrew J.; Olander, Lydia P.; Martin, Roberta E.; Harris, A. Thomas (21 November 2004). "Grazing Systems, Ecosystem Responses, and Global Change" (in en). Annual Review of Environment and Resources 29 (1): 261–299. doi:10.1146/annurev.energy.29.062403.102142. ISSN 1543-5938. http://www.annualreviews.org/doi/10.1146/annurev.energy.29.062403.102142. 
43. Maestre, Fernando T.; Bowker, Matthew A.; Puche, María D.; Belén Hinojosa, M.; Martínez, Isabel; García-Palacios, Pablo; Castillo, Andrea P.; Soliveres, Santiago et al. (September 2009). "Shrub encroachment can reverse desertification in semi-arid Mediterranean grasslands" (in en). Ecology Letters 12 (9): 930–941. doi:10.1111/j.1461-0248.2009.01352.x. PMID 19638041. http://doi.wiley.com/10.1111/j.1461-0248.2009.01352.x. 
44. Smit, G.N. (2005). "Tree thinning as an option to increase herbaceous yield of an encroached semi-arid savanna in South Africa.". BMC Ecol 5: 4. doi:10.1186/1472-6785-5-4. PMID 15921528.  http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=1164409
45. Stanton RA Jr; Boone Iv WW; Soto-Shoender J; Fletcher RJ Jr; Blaum N; McCleery RA (2018). "Shrub encroachment and vertebrate diversity: a global meta-analysis". Glob. Ecol. Biogeogr. 27 (3): 368–379. doi:10.1111/geb.12675.  https://dx.doi.org/10.1111%2Fgeb.12675
46. "Cutting Trees Gives Sage-Grouse Populations a Boost, Scientists Find" (in en). 2021-06-10. https://www.audubon.org/news/cutting-trees-gives-sage-grouse-populations-boost-scientists-find. 
47. "The biodiversity cost of carbon sequestration in tropical savanna.". Science Advances 3: e1701284 (8): e1701284. 2017. doi:10.1126/sciadv.1701284. PMID 28875172. Bibcode: 2017SciA....3E1284A.  http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=5576881
48. IPCC, 2019: Climate Change and Land: an IPCC special report on climate change, desertification, land degradation, sustainable land management, food security, and greenhouse gas fluxes in terrestrial ecosystems, P.R. Shukla, J. Skea, E. Calvo Buendia, V. Masson-Delmotte, H.-O. Pörtner, D. C. Roberts, P. Zhai, R. Slade, S. Connors, R. van Diemen, M. Ferrat, E. Haughey, S. Luz, S. Neogi, M. Pathak, J. Petzold, J. Portugal Pereira, P. Vyas, E. Huntley, K. Kissick, M. Belkacemi, J. Malley, (eds.). In press. https://www.ipcc.ch/srccl/
49. Schooley, Robert L.; Bestelmeyer, Brandon T.; Campanella, Andrea (July 2018). "Shrub encroachment, productivity pulses, and core-transient dynamics of Chihuahuan Desert rodents" (in en). Ecosphere 9 (7): e02330. doi:10.1002/ecs2.2330. http://doi.wiley.com/10.1002/ecs2.2330. 
50. Mogashoa, R.; Dlamini, P.; Gxasheka, M. (2020). "Grass species richness decreases along a woody plant encroachment gradient in a semi-arid savanna grassland, South Africa.". Landscape Ecol 36 (2): 617–636. doi:10.1007/s10980-020-01150-1.  https://dx.doi.org/10.1007%2Fs10980-020-01150-1
51. Ratajczak, Z.; Nippert, J.; Collins, S. (2012). "Woody encroachment decreases diversity across North American grasslands and savannas.". Ecology 93 (4): 697–703. doi:10.1890/11-1199.1. PMID 22690619.  https://dx.doi.org/10.1890%2F11-1199.1
52. Barbara I. Bleho; Christie L. Borkowsky; Melissa A. Grantham; Cary D. Hamel (2021). "A 20 y Analysis of Weather and Management Effects on a Small White Lady's-slipper (Cypripedium candidum) Population in Manitoba". The American Midland Naturalist 185 (1): 32–48. doi:10.1637/0003-0031-185.1.32.  https://dx.doi.org/10.1637%2F0003-0031-185.1.32
53. She, W.; Bai, Y.; Zhang, Y. (2021). "Nitrogen-enhanced herbaceous competition threatens woody species persistence in a desert ecosystem". Plant Soil 460 (1–2): 333–345. doi:10.1007/s11104-020-04810-y.  https://dx.doi.org/10.1007%2Fs11104-020-04810-y
54. Smit, Izak P. J.; Prins, Herbert H. T. (17 September 2015). Crowther, Mathew S.. ed. "Predicting the Effects of Woody Encroachment on Mammal Communities, Grazing Biomass and Fire Frequency in African Savannas". PLOS ONE 10 (9): e0137857. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0137857. ISSN 1932-6203. PMID 26379249. Bibcode: 2015PLoSO..1037857S.  http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=4574768
55. Nghikembua, Matti T.; Marker, Laurie L.; Brewer, Bruce; Mehtätalo, Lauri; Appiah, Mark; Pappinen, Ari (1 October 2020). "Response of wildlife to bush thinning on the north central freehold farmlands of Namibia". Forest Ecology and Management 473: 118330. doi:10.1016/j.foreco.2020.118330.  https://dx.doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.foreco.2020.118330
56. Misher, Chetan; Vanak, Abi Tamim (15 March 2021). "Occupancy and diet of the Indian desert fox Vulpes vulpes pusilla in a Prosopis juliflora invaded semi-arid grassland". Wildlife Biology 2021 (1). doi:10.2981/wlb.00781. ISSN 0909-6396. https://bioone.org/journals/wildlife-biology/volume-2021/issue-1/wlb.00781/Occupancy-and-diet-of-the-Indian-desert-fox-Vulpes-vulpes/10.2981/wlb.00781.full. 
57. Chen, Anping; Reperant, Leslie; Fischhoff, Ilya R.; Rubenstein, Daniel I. (2021). "Increased vigilance of plains zebras (Equus quagga) in response to more bush coverage in a Kenyan savanna". Climate Change Ecology 1: 100001. doi:10.1016/j.ecochg.2021.100001. https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S2666900521000010. 
58. Meik, Jesse M; Jeo, Richard M; Mendelson III, Joseph R; Jenks, Kate E (2002). "Effects of bush encroachment on an assemblage of diurnal lizard species in central Namibia". Biological Conservation 106 (1): 29–36. doi:10.1016/s0006-3207(01)00226-9. ISSN 0006-3207. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0006-3207(01)00226-9. 
59. Andersen, Erik M.; Steidl, Robert J. (2019). "Woody plant encroachment restructures bird communities in semiarid grasslands". Biological Conservation 240: 108276. doi:10.1016/j.biocon.2019.108276. https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0006320719309528. 
60. Bakker, K. K. 2003. A synthesis of the effect of woody vegetation on grassland nesting birds. Proceedings of the South Dakota Academy of Science 82:233–236. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/236608407_A_synthesis_of_the_effect_of_woody_vegetation_on_grassland_nesting_birds
61. Schultz P. 2007. Does bush encroachment impact foraging success of the critically endangered Namibian population of the Cape Vulture Gyps coprotheres? MSc thesis, University of Cape Town, South Africa.
62. Jane E. Austin; Deborah A. Buhl (2021). "Breeding Bird Occurrence Across a Gradient of Graminoid- to Shrub-Dominated Fens and Fire Histories". The American Midland Naturalist 185 (1): 77–109. doi:10.1637/0003-0031-185.1.77.  https://dx.doi.org/10.1637%2F0003-0031-185.1.77
63. Rosenberg, Kenneth V.; Dokter, Adriaan M.; Blancher, Peter J.; Sauer, John R.; Smith, Adam C.; Smith, Paul A.; Stanton, Jessica C.; Panjabi, Arvind et al. (4 October 2019). "Decline of the North American avifauna". Science 366 (6461): 120–124. doi:10.1126/science.aaw1313. ISSN 0036-8075. PMID 31604313. Bibcode: 2019Sci...366..120R. https://www.sciencemag.org/lookup/doi/10.1126/science.aaw1313. 
64. "Secretarybird Sagittarius serpentarius Population Trends and Ecology: Insights from South African Citizen Science Data". PLOS ONE 9(5) e96772 (5): e96772. 2014. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0096772. PMID 24816839. Bibcode: 2014PLoSO...996772H.  http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=4016007
65. Lautenbach, J. M.; R. T. Plumb; S. G. Robinson; C. A. Hagen; D. A. Haukos; J. C. Pitman (2017). "Lesser Prairie-Chicken Avoidance of Trees in a Grassland Landscape". Rangeland Ecology & Management 70: 78–86. doi:10.1016/j.rama.2016.07.008.  https://dx.doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.rama.2016.07.008
66. "Endangered Species Act listing proposed for lesser prairie-chicken" (in en). https://www.agri-pulse.com/articles/15944-endangered-species-act-listing-proposed-for-lesser-prairie-chicken?v=preview. 
67. Mahamued, B.; Donald, P.; Collar, N.; Marsden, S.; Ndang'Ang'A, P.; Wondafrash, M.; Lloyd, H. (2021). "Rangeland loss and population decline of the critically endangered Liben Lark Heteromirafra archeri in southern Ethiopia". Bird Conservation International 1–14: 1–14. doi:10.1017/S0959270920000696. https://e-space.mmu.ac.uk/627173/7/Mahamued%20et%20al%202021%20BCI%20Liben%20Lark%20Population%20Decline%20e.pdf. 
68. Spottiswoode, C.N.; Wondafrash, M.; Gabremichael, M.N.; Abebe, Y.D.; Mwangi, M.A.K.; Collar, N.J.; Dolman, P.M. (2009). "Rangeland degradation is poised to cause Africa's first recorded avian extinction". Animal Conservation 12 (3): 249–257. doi:10.1111/j.1469-1795.2009.00246.x.  https://dx.doi.org/10.1111%2Fj.1469-1795.2009.00246.x
69. Murray, Darrel B.; Muir, James P.; Miller, Michael S.; Erxleben, Devin R.; Mote, Kevin D. (2021). "Effective Management Practices for Increasing Native Plant Diversity on Mesquite Savanna-Texas Wintergrass-Dominated Rangelands". Rangeland Ecology & Management 75: 161–169. doi:10.1016/j.rama.2021.01.001. https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S1550742421000014. 
70. Sirami, C.; Monadjem, A. (2012). "Changes in bird communities in Swaziland savannas between 1998 and 2008 owing to shrub encroachment". Diversity and Distributions 18 (4): 390–400. doi:10.1111/j.1472-4642.2011.00810.x.  https://dx.doi.org/10.1111%2Fj.1472-4642.2011.00810.x
71. "Vegetation encroachment drives changes in the composition of butterfly assemblages and species loss in Mediterranean ecosystems.". Insect Conservation and Diversity 13 (2): 151–161. 2020. doi:10.1111/icad.12397.  https://dx.doi.org/10.1111%2Ficad.12397
72. Huxman, Travis E.; Wilcox, Bradford P.; Breshears, David D.; Scott, Russell L.; Snyder, Keirith A.; Small, Eric E.; Hultine, Kevin; Pockman, William T. et al. (2005). "Ecohydrological Implications of Woody Plant Encroachment". Ecology 86 (2): 308–319. doi:10.1890/03-0583.  https://dx.doi.org/10.1890%2F03-0583
73. Acharya, Bharat; Kharel, Gehendra; Zou, Chris; Wilcox, Bradford; Halihan, Todd (17 October 2018). "Woody Plant Encroachment Impacts on Groundwater Recharge: A Review" (in en). Water 10 (10): 1466. doi:10.3390/w10101466. ISSN 2073-4441.  https://dx.doi.org/10.3390%2Fw10101466
74. Zou, Chris; Twidwell, Dirac; Bielski, Christine; Fogarty, Dillon; Mittelstet, Aaron; Starks, Patrick; Will, Rodney; Zhong, Yu et al. (1 December 2018). "Impact of Eastern Redcedar Proliferation on Water Resources in the Great Plains USA—Current State of Knowledge". Water 10 (12): 1768. doi:10.3390/w10121768. ISSN 2073-4441.  https://dx.doi.org/10.3390%2Fw10121768
75. Sandvig, Renee M.; Phillips, Fred M. (August 2006). "Ecohydrological controls on soil moisture fluxes in arid to semiarid vadose zones: Ecohydrology of Arid Vadose Zones" (in en). Water Resources Research 42 (8). doi:10.1029/2005WR004644. http://doi.wiley.com/10.1029/2005WR004644. 
76. Seyfried, M. S.; Schwinning, S.; Walvoord, M. A.; Pockman, W. T.; Newman, B. D.; Jackson, R. B.; Phillips, F. M. (February 2005). "Ecohydrological Control of Deep Drainage in Arid and Semiarid Regions". Ecology 86 (2): 277–287. doi:10.1890/03-0568. ISSN 0012-9658. http://dx.doi.org/10.1890/03-0568. 
77. Fan, Y.; Li, X.-Y.; Li, L.; Wei, J.-Q.; Shi, F.-Z.; Yao, H.-Y.; Liu, L. (2018). "Plant Harvesting Impacts on Soil Water Patterns and Phenology for Shrub-encroached Grassland". Water 10 (6): 736. doi:10.3390/w10060736.  https://dx.doi.org/10.3390%2Fw10060736
78. Institute., Texas Agricultural Experiment Station. Texas State Soil and Water Conservation Board. Blackland Research and Extension Center. United States. Natural Resources Conservation Service. Texas Water Resources (2000). Brush management/water yield feasibility studies for four watersheds in Texas.. Texas Water Resources Institute. OCLC 385192401. http://worldcat.org/oclc/385192401. 
79. Caterina, Giulia L.; Will, Rodney E.; Turton, Donald J.; Wilson, Duncan S.; Zou, Chris B. (November 2013). "Water use of Juniperus virginiana trees encroached into mesic prairies in Oklahoma, USA: JUNIPERUS VIRGINIANA WATER USE IN MESIC PRAIRIE". Ecohydrology 7 (4): 1124–1134. doi:10.1002/eco.1444. http://doi.wiley.com/10.1002/eco.1444. 
80. "Shrub encroachment on grasslands can increase groundwater recharge" (in en). https://news.ucr.edu/articles/2020/05/15/shrub-encroachment-grasslands-can-increase-groundwater-recharge. 
81. W. Rosenthal; W. Dugas; S. Bednarz; T. Dybala; R. Muttiah (2002). "Simulation of Brush Removal within Eight Watersheds in Texas". 2002 Chicago, IL July 28–31, 2002 (St. Joseph, MI: American Society of Agricultural and Biological Engineers). doi:10.13031/2013.10415. http://dx.doi.org/10.13031/2013.10415. 
82. Zhang, L.; Dawes, W. R.; Walker, G. R. (March 2001). "Response of mean annual evapotranspiration to vegetation changes at catchment scale". Water Resources Research 37 (3): 701–708. doi:10.1029/2000WR900325. Bibcode: 2001WRR....37..701Z. http://doi.wiley.com/10.1029/2000WR900325. 
83. Ramankutty, Navin; Evan, Amato T.; Monfreda, Chad; Foley, Jonathan A. (2008). "Farming the planet: 1. Geographic distribution of global agricultural lands in the year 2000: GLOBAL AGRICULTURAL LANDS IN 2000". Global Biogeochemical Cycles 22 (1). doi:10.1029/2007GB002952. http://doi.wiley.com/10.1029/2007GB002952. 
84. Pendall, E.; Bachelet, D.; Conant, R. T.; El Masri, B.; Flanagan, L. B.; Knapp, A. K.; Liu, J.; Liu, S. et al. (2018). Cavallaro, N.; Shrestha, G.; Birdsey, R. et al.. eds. Chapter 10: Grasslands. Second State of the Carbon Cycle Report. doi:10.7930/soccr2.2018.ch10. https://carbon2018.globalchange.gov/chapter/10/. 
85. Houghton, R. A. (2003). "Why are estimates of the terrestrial carbon balance so different?: CARBON BALANCE OF TERRESTRIAL ECOSYSTEMS". Global Change Biology 9 (4): 500–509. doi:10.1046/j.1365-2486.2003.00620.x. http://doi.wiley.com/10.1046/j.1365-2486.2003.00620.x. 
86. Sankey, Temuulen; Shrestha, Rupesh; Sankey, Joel B.; Hardegree, Stuart; Strand, Eva (2013). "Lidar-derived estimate and uncertainty of carbon sink in successional phases of woody encroachment". Journal of Geophysical Research: Biogeosciences 118 (3): 1144–1155. doi:10.1002/jgrg.20088. Bibcode: 2013JGRG..118.1144S. http://doi.wiley.com/10.1002/jgrg.20088. 
87. Barger, Nichole N.; Archer, Steven R.; Campbell, John L.; Huang, Cho-ying; Morton, Jeffery A.; Knapp, Alan K. (10 August 2011). "Woody plant proliferation in North American drylands: A synthesis of impacts on ecosystem carbon balance". Journal of Geophysical Research 116 (G4): G00K07. doi:10.1029/2010JG001506. ISSN 0148-0227. Bibcode: 2011JGRG..116.0K07B. http://doi.wiley.com/10.1029/2010JG001506. 
88. Mbaabu, Purity Rima; Olago, Daniel; Gichaba, Maina; Eckert, Sandra; Eschen, René; Oriaso, Silas; Choge, Simon Kosgei; Linders, Theo Edmund Werner et al. (2020). "Restoration of degraded grasslands, but not invasion by Prosopis juliflora, avoids trade-offs between climate change mitigation and other ecosystem services". Scientific Reports 10 (1): 20391. doi:10.1038/s41598-020-77126-7. ISSN 2045-2322. PMID 33235254.  http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=7686326
89. Pinno, Bradley D.; Wilson, Scott D. (2011). "Ecosystem carbon changes with woody encroachment of grassland in the northern Great Plains". Écoscience 18 (2): 157–163. doi:10.2980/18-2-3412. ISSN 1195-6860. https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.2980/18-2-3412. 
90. Wigley, Benjamin J.; Augustine, David J.; Coetsee, Corli; Ratnam, Jayashree; Sankaran, Mahesh (May 2020). "Grasses continue to trump trees at soil carbon sequestration following herbivore exclusion in a semiarid African savanna" (in en). Ecology 101 (5): e03008. doi:10.1002/ecy.3008. ISSN 0012-9658. PMID 32027378. https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/ecy.3008. 
91. Liu, Yun-Hua; Cheng, Jun-Hui; Schmid, Bernhard; Tang, Li-Song; Sheng, Jian-Dong (1 April 2020). Zhang, Wen-Hao. ed. "Woody plant encroachment may decrease plant carbon storage in grasslands under future drier conditions". Journal of Plant Ecology 13 (2): 213–223. doi:10.1093/jpe/rtaa003. ISSN 1752-993X. https://academic.oup.com/jpe/article/13/2/213/5714357. 
92. Mureva, Admore; Ward, David; Pillay, Tiffany; Chivenge, Pauline; Cramer, Michael (2018). "Soil Organic Carbon Increases in Semi-Arid Regions while it Decreases in Humid Regions Due to Woody-Plant Encroachment of Grasslands in South Africa". Scientific Reports 8 (1): 15506. doi:10.1038/s41598-018-33701-7. ISSN 2045-2322. PMID 30341313. Bibcode: 2018NatSR...815506M.  http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=6195563
93. Barger, N. N., Archer, S. R., Campbell, J. L., Huang, C., Morton, J. A., and Knapp, A. K. (2011). "Woody plant proliferation in North American drylands: A synthesis of impacts on ecosystem carbon balance.". J. Geophys. Res. 116 G00K07 (G4): G00K07. doi:10.1029/2010JG001506. Bibcode: 2011JGRG..116.0K07B.  https://dx.doi.org/10.1029%2F2010JG001506
94. Jackson RB, Banner JL, Jobbágy EG, Pockman WT, Wall DH (2002). "Ecosystem carbon loss with woody plant invasion of grasslands.". Nature 418 (6898): 623–626. doi:10.1038/nature00910. PMID 12167857. Bibcode: 2002Natur.418..623J.  https://dx.doi.org/10.1038%2Fnature00910
95. Goodale, Christine L.; Davidson, Eric A. (2002). "Uncertain sinks in the shrubs". Nature 418 (6898): 593–594. doi:10.1038/418593a. ISSN 0028-0836. PMID 12167839. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/418593a. 
96. Duke University (2002). "Trees Encroaching Grasslands May Lock Up Less Carbon Than Predicted". https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2002/08/020809071718.htm. 
97. Jackson, Robert B.; Banner, Jay L.; Jobbágy, Esteban G.; Pockman, William T.; Wall, Diana H. (2002). "Ecosystem carbon loss with woody plant invasion of grasslands". Nature 418 (6898): 623–626. doi:10.1038/nature00910. ISSN 0028-0836. PMID 12167857. Bibcode: 2002Natur.418..623J. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nature00910. 
98. Scott, Russell L.; Huxman, Travis E.; Williams, David G.; Goodrich, David C. (2006). "Ecohydrological impacts of woody-plant encroachment: seasonal patterns of water and carbon dioxide exchange within a semiarid riparian environment". Global Change Biology 12 (2): 311–324. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2486.2005.01093.x. Bibcode: 2006GCBio..12..311S. http://doi.wiley.com/10.1111/j.1365-2486.2005.01093.x. 
99. Abril A, Barttfeld P & Bucher EH (2005). "The effect of fire and overgrazing disturbances on soil carbon balance in the Dry Chaco forest.". Forest Ecology and Management 206 (1–3): 399–405. doi:10.1016/j.foreco.2004.11.014. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foreco.2004.11.014. 
100. Leitner, Monica; Davies, Andrew B.; Parr, Catherine L.; Eggleton, Paul; Robertson, Mark P. (2018). "Woody encroachment slows decomposition and termite activity in an African savanna". Global Change Biology 24 (6): 2597–2606. doi:10.1111/gcb.14118. PMID 29516645. Bibcode: 2018GCBio..24.2597L. http://doi.wiley.com/10.1111/gcb.14118. 
101. Yusuf, Hasen M.; Treydte, Anna C.; Sauerborn, Jauchim (13 October 2015). Balestrini, Raffaella. ed. "Managing Semi-Arid Rangelands for Carbon Storage: Grazing and Woody Encroachment Effects on Soil Carbon and Nitrogen". PLOS ONE 10 (10): e0109063. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0109063. ISSN 1932-6203. PMID 26461478. Bibcode: 2015PLoSO..1009063Y.  http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=4603954
102. Zhou, Yong; Boutton, Thomas W.; Wu, X. Ben (2017). McCulley, Rebecca. ed. "Soil carbon response to woody plant encroachment: importance of spatial heterogeneity and deep soil storage". Journal of Ecology 105 (6): 1738–1749. doi:10.1111/1365-2745.12770. http://doi.wiley.com/10.1111/1365-2745.12770. 
103. Li, He; Shen, Haihua; Chen, Leiyi; Liu, Taoyu; Hu, Huifeng; Zhao, Xia; Zhou, Luhong; Zhang, Pujin et al. (2016). "Effects of shrub encroachment on soil organic carbon in global grasslands". Scientific Reports 6 (1): 28974. doi:10.1038/srep28974. ISSN 2045-2322. PMID 27388145. Bibcode: 2016NatSR...628974L.  http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=4937411
104. Terrer, C.; Phillips, R. P.; Hungate, B. A.; Rosende, J.; Pett-Ridge, J.; Craig, M. E.; van Groenigen, K. J.; Keenan, T. F. et al. (25 March 2021). "A trade-off between plant and soil carbon storage under elevated CO2" (in en). Nature 591 (7851): 599–603. doi:10.1038/s41586-021-03306-8. ISSN 0028-0836. PMID 33762765. Bibcode: 2021Natur.591..599T. http://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-021-03306-8. 
105. Schlesinger, William H.; Pilmanis, Adrienne M. (1998). "Plant-soil interactions in deserts". Biogeochemistry 42 (1/2): 169–187. doi:10.1023/A:1005939924434. http://link.springer.com/10.1023/A:1005939924434. 
106. Puttock, Alan; Dungait, Jennifer A. J.; Macleod, Christopher J. A.; Bol, Roland; Brazier, Richard E. (December 2014). "Woody plant encroachment into grasslands leads to accelerated erosion of previously stable organic carbon from dryland soils". Journal of Geophysical Research: Biogeosciences 119 (12): 2345–2357. doi:10.1002/2014JG002635. ISSN 2169-8953. Bibcode: 2014JGRG..119.2345P. https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1002/2014JG002635. 
107. Archer, Steven R.; Andersen, Erik M.; Predick, Katharine I.; Schwinning, Susanne; Steidl, Robert J.; Woods, Steven R. (2017), Briske, David D., ed., "Woody Plant Encroachment: Causes and Consequences", Rangeland Systems (Cham: Springer International Publishing): pp. 25–84, doi:10.1007/978-3-319-46709-2_2, ISBN 978-3-319-46707-8, http://link.springer.com/10.1007/978-3-319-46709-2_2, retrieved 8 March 2021 
108. Petrie, M. D.; Collins, S. L.; Swann, A. M.; Ford, P. L.; Litvak, M.E. (2015). "Grassland to shrubland state transitions enhance carbon sequestration in the northern Chihuahuan Desert". Global Change Biology 21 (3): 1226–1235. doi:10.1111/gcb.12743. ISSN 1354-1013. PMID 25266205. Bibcode: 2015GCBio..21.1226P. https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/gcb.12743. 
109. Throop, Heather L.; Munson, Seth; Hornslein, Nicole; McClaran, Mitchel P. (2021-07-22). "Shrub influence on soil carbon and nitrogen in a semi-arid grassland is mediated by precipitation and largely insensitive to livestock grazing" (in en). Arid Land Research and Management: 1–20. doi:10.1080/15324982.2021.1952660. ISSN 1532-4982. https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/15324982.2021.1952660. 
110. Scott, Russell L.; Biederman, Joel A.; Hamerlynck, Erik P.; Barron‐Gafford, Greg A. (2015). "The carbon balance pivot point of southwestern U.S. semiarid ecosystems: Insights from the 21st century drought". Journal of Geophysical Research: Biogeosciences 120 (12): 2612–2624. doi:10.1002/2015JG003181. ISSN 2169-8953. Bibcode: 2015JGRG..120.2612S. https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1002/2015JG003181. 
111. Clemmensen, Karina Engelbrecht; Durling, Mikael Brandström; Michelsen, Anders; Hallin, Sara; Finlay, Roger D.; Lindahl, Björn D. (June 2021). Liu, Lingli. ed. "A tipping point in carbon storage when forest expands into tundra is related to mycorrhizal recycling of nitrogen" (in en). Ecology Letters 24 (6): 1193–1204. doi:10.1111/ele.13735. ISSN 1461-023X. PMID 33754469. https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/ele.13735. 
112. "Bush cover and range condition assessments in relation to landscape and grazing in southern Ethiopia". Landscape Ecology 15 (6): 535–546. 2000. doi:10.1023/A:1008106625096.  https://dx.doi.org/10.1023%2FA%3A1008106625096
113. van., Wijngaarden, Willem (November 1985). Elephants, trees, grass, grazers : relationships between climate, soils, vegetation and large herbivores in a semi-arid savanna ecosystem (Tsavo, Kenya). International Institute for Aerospace Survey and Earth Sciences. ISBN 90-6164-048-2. OCLC 870274791. http://worldcat.org/oclc/870274791. 
114. Anadón, J. D.; Sala, O. E.; Turner, B. L.; Bennett, E. M. (2 September 2014). "Effect of woody-plant encroachment on livestock production in North and South America" (in en). Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 111 (35): 12948–12953. doi:10.1073/pnas.1320585111. ISSN 0027-8424. PMID 25136084. Bibcode: 2014PNAS..11112948A.  http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=4156688
115. Gray, E.F.; Bond, W.J. (2013). "Will woody plant encroachment impact the visitor experience and economy of conservation areas?". Koedoe 55 (1): Art. #1106. doi:10.4102/koedoe.v55i1.1106.  https://dx.doi.org/10.4102%2Fkoedoe.v55i1.1106
116. D'Adamo, Francesco; Ogutu, Booker; Brandt, Martin; Schurgers, Guy; Dash, Jadunandan (July 2021). "Climatic and non-climatic vegetation cover changes in the rangelands of Africa". Global and Planetary Change 202: 103516. doi:10.1016/j.gloplacha.2021.103516. Bibcode: 2021GPC...20203516D. https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0921818121001016. 
117. Yu, Peng; Qiuying, Zhang; Yuanzhan, Chen; Ning, Xu; Yunfeng, Qiao; Chao, Tian; Hirwa, Hubert; Diop, Salif et al. (12 May 2021). "Resilience, Adaptability, and Regime Shifts Thinking: A Perspective of Dryland Socio-Ecology System". Journal of Resources and Ecology 12 (3). doi:10.5814/j.issn.1674-764x.2021.03.007. ISSN 1674-764X. https://bioone.org/journals/journal-of-resources-and-ecology/volume-12/issue-3/j.issn.1674-764x.2021.03.007/Resilience-Adaptability-and-Regime-Shifts-Thinking--A-Perspective-of/10.5814/j.issn.1674-764x.2021.03.007.full. 
118. The Earth as transformed by human action : global and regional changes in the biosphere over the past 300 years. B. L. Turner. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press with Clark University. 1990. ISBN 0-521-36357-8. OCLC 20294746. https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/20294746. 
119. Noden, Bruce H.; Tanner, Evan P.; Polo, John A.; Fuhlendorf, Sam D. (June 2021), Invasive woody plants as foci of tick-borne pathogens: eastern redcedar in the southern Great Plains, Journal of Vector Ecology, 46 (1), 12–18 https://eds.b.ebscohost.com/abstract?site=eds&scope=site&jrnl=10811710&AN=149990817&h=ehtJpK6i6n79u8Kfh4Es0VLuk8KtY5ZCEKXQRzwjxJwfUZbcRcwLcNMSd2tEtNjVrJQOX9nj2Fu5XmJr0zDrQw%3d%3d&crl=f&IdpId=&resultLocal=ErrCrlNoResults&resultNs=Ehost&crlhashurl=login.aspx%3fdirect%3dtrue%26profile%3dehost%26scope%3dsite%26authtype%3dcrawler%26jrnl%3d10811710%26AN%3d149990817
120. Cho, Mee-Hyun; Yang, Ah-Ryeon; Baek, Eun-Hyuk; Kang, Sarah M.; Jeong, Su-Jong; Kim, Jin Young; Kim, Baek-Min (May 2018). "Vegetation-cloud feedbacks to future vegetation changes in the Arctic regions" (in en). Climate Dynamics 50 (9–10): 3745–3755. doi:10.1007/s00382-017-3840-5. ISSN 0930-7575. http://link.springer.com/10.1007/s00382-017-3840-5. 
121. Ge, Jianjun; Zou, Chris (August 2013). "Impacts of woody plant encroachment on regional climate in the southern Great Plains of the United States: Woody Encroachment and Climate" (in en). Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres 118 (16): 9093–9104. doi:10.1002/jgrd.50634. http://doi.wiley.com/10.1002/jgrd.50634. 
122. Lima, K. A.; Stevens, N.; Wisely, S. M.; Fletcher, R. J.; Monadjeme, A.; Austim, J. D.; Mahlabae, T.; McCleery, R. A. (2021). "Landscape heterogeneity and woody encroachment decrease mesocarnivore scavenging in a savanna agro-ecosystem" (in en). Rangeland Ecology and Management 78: 104–111. doi:10.1016/j.rama.2021.06.003. ISSN 1550-7424. https://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:870fcc48-4e07-46e5-84d5-0d82e81526ac. 
123. Goslee, S.C; Havstad, K.M; Peters, D.P.C; Rango, A; Schlesinger, W.H (2003). "High-resolution images reveal rate and pattern of shrub encroachment over six decades in New Mexico, U.S.A.". Journal of Arid Environments 54 (4): 755–767. doi:10.1006/jare.2002.1103. Bibcode: 2003JArEn..54..755G. https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0140196302911031. 
124. Zhao, Yujin; Liu, Xiaoliang; Wang, Yang; Zheng, Zhaoju; Zheng, Shuxia; Zhao, Dan; Bai, Yongfei (September 2021). "UAV-based individual shrub aboveground biomass estimation calibrated against terrestrial LiDAR in a shrub-encroached grassland". International Journal of Applied Earth Observation and Geoinformation 101: 102358. doi:10.1016/j.jag.2021.102358. Bibcode: 2021IJAEO.10102358Z. https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0303243421000659. 
125. Graw, Valerie; Oldenburg, Carsten; Dubovyk, Olena (2016). "Bush Encroachment Mapping for Africa: Multi-Scale Analysis with Remote Sensing and GIS". SSRN Electronic Journal. doi:10.2139/ssrn.2807811. ISSN 1556-5068. http://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2807811. 
126. Hottman, M.T.; O'Connor, T.G. (1999). "Vegetation change over 40 years in the Weenen/Muden area, KwaZulu-Natal: evidence from photo-panoramas". African Journal of Range & Forage Science 16 (2–3): 71–88. doi:10.2989/10220119909485721. ISSN 1022-0119. http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.2989/10220119909485721. 
127. Tabares, Ximena; Ratzmann, Gregor; Kruse, Stefan; Theuerkauf, Martin; Mapani, Benjamin; Herzschuh, Ulrike (25 March 2021). "Relative pollen productivity estimates of savanna taxa from southern Africa and their application to reconstruct shrub encroachment during the last century". The Holocene 31 (7): 095968362110031. doi:10.1177/09596836211003193. ISSN 0959-6836. Bibcode: 2021Holoc..31.1100T. http://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/09596836211003193. 
128. Hao, Guang; Yang, Nan; Dong, Ke; Xu, Yujuan; Ding, Xinfeng; Shi, Xinjian; Chen, Lei; Wang, Jinlong et al. (10 May 2021). "Shrub‐encroached grassland as an alternative stable state in semiarid steppe regions: Evidence from community stability and assembly". Land Degradation & Development 32 (10): 3142–3153. doi:10.1002/ldr.3975. ISSN 1085-3278. https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/ldr.3975. 
129. Briggs, John M.; Knapp, Alan K.; Blair, John M.; Heisler, Jana L.; Hoch, Greg A.; Lett, Michelle S.; McCARRON, James K. (2005). "An Ecosystem in Transition: Causes and Consequences of the Conversion of Mesic Grassland to Shrubland". BioScience 55 (3): 243. doi:10.1641/0006-3568(2005)055[0243:AEITCA2.0.CO;2]. ISSN 0006-3568. https://academic.oup.com/bioscience/article/55/3/243-254/249711. 
130. Miaojun Ma, Scott L Collins, Zak Ratajczak, Guozhen Du (2021). "Soil Seed Banks, Alternative Stable State Theory, and Ecosystem Resilience". BioScience 71 (7): 697–707. doi:10.1093/biosci/biab011. ISSN 0006-3568. https://academic.oup.com/bioscience/advance-article/doi/10.1093/biosci/biab011/6148488?login=true. 
131. Giles, André L.; Flores, Bernardo M.; Rezende, Andréia Alves; Weiser, Veridiana de Lara; Cavassan, Osmar (August 2021). "Thirty years of clear-cutting maintain diversity and functional composition of woody-encroached Neotropical savannas". Forest Ecology and Management 494: 119356. doi:10.1016/j.foreco.2021.119356. https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0378112721004448. 
132. Eldridge, David J.; Ding, Jingyi (March 2021). "Remove or retain: ecosystem effects of woody encroachment and removal are linked to plant structural and functional traits" (in en). New Phytologist 229 (5): 2637–2646. doi:10.1111/nph.17045. ISSN 0028-646X. PMID 33118178. https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/nph.17045. 
133. Kambongi, T; Heyns, L; Rodenwoldt, D; Edwards, S (8 February 2021). "A description of daytime resting sites used by brown hyaenas (Parahyaena brunnea) from a high-density, enclosed population in north-central Namibia". Namibian Journal of Environment 5. http://www.nje.org.na/index.php/nje/article/view/volume5-kambongi. 
134. Choi, D; Fish, A.; Moorman, C; DePerno, C: Schillaci, J (2021). "Breeding-season Survival, Home-range Size, and Habitat Selection of Female Bachman's Sparrows". Southeastern Naturalist 1: 105–116. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/349003485. 
135. O'Connor, T G; Kuyler, P; Kirkman, K P; Corcoran, B (11 August 2010). "Which grazing management practices are most appropriate for maintaining biodiversity in South African grassland?". African Journal of Range & Forage Science 27 (2): 67–76. doi:10.2989/10220119.2010.502646. ISSN 1022-0119. http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.2989/10220119.2010.502646. 
136. Webb, Nicholas P.; Stokes, Christopher J.; Marshall, Nadine A. (October 2013). "Integrating biophysical and socio-economic evaluations to improve the efficacy of adaptation assessments for agriculture" (in en). Global Environmental Change 23 (5): 1164–1177. doi:10.1016/j.gloenvcha.2013.04.007. https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0959378013000733. 
137. Grande, D. (2013). "Endozoochorus seed dispersal by goats: recovery, germinability and emergence of five Mediterranean shrub species". Spanish Journal of Agricultural Research 11 (2): 347–355. doi:10.5424/sjar/2013112-3673. https://revistas.inia.es/index.php/sjar/article/view/3673. 
138. I. P. J. Smit; G. P. Asner; N. Govender; N. R. Vaughn; B. W. van Wilgen (2016). "An examination of the potential efficacy of high-intensity fires for reversing woody encroachment in savannas.". Journal of Applied Ecology 53 (5): 1623–1633. doi:10.1111/1365-2664.12738.  https://dx.doi.org/10.1111%2F1365-2664.12738
139. Twidwell, D.; Fuhlendorf, S.D.; Taylor, C.A. Jr; Rogers, W.E. (2013). "Refining thresholds in coupled fire-vegetation models to improve management of encroaching woody plants in grasslands". J. Appl. Ecol. 50 (3): 603–613. doi:10.1111/1365-2664.12063.  https://dx.doi.org/10.1111%2F1365-2664.12063
140. Fuhlendorf, Samuel D.; Engle, David M.; Kerby, Jay; Hamilton, Robert (2009). "Pyric Herbivory: Rewilding Landscapes through the Recoupling of Fire and Grazing". Conservation Biology 23 (3): 588–598. doi:10.1111/j.1523-1739.2008.01139.x. ISSN 0888-8892. PMID 19183203. https://www.jstor.org/stable/29738775. 
141. Hempson, Gareth P.; Archibald, Sally; Bond, William J. (8 December 2017). "The consequences of replacing wildlife with livestock in Africa". Scientific Reports 7 (1): 17196. doi:10.1038/s41598-017-17348-4. ISSN 2045-2322. PMID 29222494. Bibcode: 2017NatSR...717196H.  http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=5722938
142. Venter, Zander S.; Hawkins, Heidi-Jayne; Cramer, Michael D. (2017). "Implications of historical interactions between herbivory and fire for rangeland management in African savannas". Ecosphere 8 (10): e01946. doi:10.1002/ecs2.1946. ISSN 2150-8925. https://esajournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1002/ecs2.1946. 
143. Roques, K.G.; O'Connor, T.G.; Watkinson, A.R. (2001). "Dynamics of shrub encroachment in an African savanna: relative influences of fire, herbivory, rainfall and density dependence: Dynamics and causes of shrub encroachment". Journal of Applied Ecology 38 (2): 268–280. doi:10.1046/j.1365-2664.2001.00567.x. http://doi.wiley.com/10.1046/j.1365-2664.2001.00567.x. 
144. Trollope, W.S.W. (1974). "Role of fire in preventing bush encroachment in the Eastern Cape". Proceedings of the Annual Congresses of the Grassland Society of Southern Africa 9 (1): 67–72. doi:10.1080/00725560.1974.9648722. ISSN 0072-5560. http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/00725560.1974.9648722. 
145. Wedel, Emily R.; Nippert, Jesse B.; Hartnett, David C. (2021-07-06). "Fire and browsing interact to alter intra-clonal stem dynamics of an encroaching shrub in tallgrass prairie" (in en). Oecologia 196 (4): 1039–1048. doi:10.1007/s00442-021-04980-1. ISSN 0029-8549. PMID 34228246. https://link.springer.com/10.1007/s00442-021-04980-1. 
146. D. Twidwell, D. Fogarty. "A guide to reducing risk and vulnerability to woody encroachment in rangelands". University of Nebraska-Lincoln. https://agronomy.unl.edu/faculty/Twidwell/WPE-vulnerability-guide-preprint.pdf. 
147. Bielski, Christine H.; Scholtz, Rheinhardt; Donovan, Victoria M.; Allen, Craig R.; Twidwell, Dirac (August 2021). "Overcoming an "irreversible" threshold: A 15-year fire experiment". Journal of Environmental Management 291: 112550. doi:10.1016/j.jenvman.2021.112550. PMID 33965707. https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0301479721006125. 
148. Nippert, Jesse B.; Telleria, Lizeth; Blackmore, Pamela; Taylor, Jeffrey H.; O'Connor, Rory C. (September 2021). "Is a Prescribed Fire Sufficient to Slow the Spread of Woody Plants in an Infrequently Burned Grassland? A Case Study in Tallgrass Prairie" (in en). Rangeland Ecology & Management 78: 79–89. doi:10.1016/j.rama.2021.05.007. https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S1550742421000609. 
149. H., Jacobs, Alan (1980). Pastoral Maasai and tropical rural development. New York: Praeger. pp. 275–300. OCLC 772636262. http://worldcat.org/oclc/772636262. 
150. Rodrigo Baggio, Gerhard E. Overbeck, Giselda Durigan, Valério D. Pillar (June 2021). "To graze or not to graze: A core question for conservation and sustainable use of grassy ecosystems in Brazil" (in en). Perspectives in Ecology and Conservation 19 (3): 256–266. doi:10.1016/j.pecon.2021.06.002. ISSN 2530-0644. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2530064421000535. 
151. Smit, G.N., C.G.F. Ritcher, and A.J. Aucamp. 1999. Bush encroachment: An approach to understanding and managing the problem. In Veld management in South Africa, ed. N.M. Tainton. Pietermaritzburg: University of Natal Press.
152. Pratt, D. J. (April 1971). "Bush-Control Studies in the Drier Areas of Kenya. VI. Effects of Fenuron (3-Phenyl-1,1-Dimethylurea)". The Journal of Applied Ecology 8 (1): 239–245. doi:10.2307/2402141. https://www.jstor.org/stable/2402141. 
153. Hare, Malicha Loje; Xu, Xinwen; Wang, Yongdong; Gedda, Abule Ibro (December 2020). "The effects of bush control methods on encroaching woody plants in terms of die-off and survival in Borana rangelands, southern Ethiopia" (in en). Pastoralism 10 (1): 16. doi:10.1186/s13570-020-00171-4. ISSN 2041-7136. https://pastoralismjournal.springeropen.com/articles/10.1186/s13570-020-00171-4. 
154. Alados, C.L.; Saiz, H.; Nuche, P.; Gartzia, M.; Komac, B.; De Frutos, Á.; Pueyo, Y. (2019-09-04). "Clearing vs. burning for restoring Pyrenean grasslands after shrub encroachment". Cuadernos de Investigación Geográfica 45 (2): 441. doi:10.18172/cig.3589. ISSN 1697-9540. http://dx.doi.org/10.18172/cig.3589. 
155. Archer, S.; Predick, K. (2014). "An ecosystem services perspective on brush management: research priorities for competing land-use objectives". Journal of Ecology 102 (6): 1394–1407. doi:10.1111/1365-2745.12314.  https://dx.doi.org/10.1111%2F1365-2745.12314
156. Scholtz, Rheinhardt; Fuhlendorf, Samuel D.; Uden, Daniel R.; Allred, Brady W.; Jones, Matthew O.; Naugle, David E.; Twidwell, Dirac (July 2021). "Challenges of Brush Management Treatment Effectiveness in Southern Great Plains, United States". Rangeland Ecology & Management 77: 57–65. doi:10.1016/j.rama.2021.03.007. https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S1550742421000361. 
157. "Woody Plant Encroachment and the Sustainability of Priority Conservation Areas". Sustainability 12 (20): 8321. 2020. doi:10.3390/su12208321.  https://dx.doi.org/10.3390%2Fsu12208321
158. Van Wilgen, B.W.; Forsyth, G.G.; Le Maitre, D.C.; Wannenburgh, A.; Kotzé, J.D.F.; van den Berg, E.; Henderson, L. (2012). "An assessment of the effectiveness of a large, national-scale invasive alien plant control strategy in South Africa". Biol. Conserv. 148: 28–38. doi:10.1016/j.biocon.2011.12.035.  https://dx.doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.biocon.2011.12.035
159. Halpern, Charles B.; Antos, Joseph A. (2021). "Rates, patterns, and drivers of tree reinvasion 15 years after large-scale meadow-restoration treatments". Restoration Ecology n/a (n/a): e13377. doi:10.1111/rec.13377. ISSN 1526-100X. https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111/rec.13377. 
160. Nghikembua, Matti T; Marker, Laurie L; Brewer, Bruce; Leinonen, Arvo; Mehtätalo, Lauri; Appiah, Mark; Pappinen, Ari (27 March 2021). "Restoration thinning reduces bush encroachment on freehold farmlands in north-central Namibia". Forestry: An International Journal of Forest Research 94 (4): cpab009. doi:10.1093/forestry/cpab009. ISSN 0015-752X. https://academic.oup.com/forestry/advance-article/doi/10.1093/forestry/cpab009/6189775. 
161. Reed, M.S.; Stringer, L.C.; Dougill, A.J.; Perkins, J.S.; Atlhopheng, J.R.; Mulale, K.; Favretto, N. (March 2015). "Reorienting land degradation towards sustainable land management: Linking sustainable livelihoods with ecosystem services in rangeland systems" (in en). Journal of Environmental Management 151: 472–485. doi:10.1016/j.jenvman.2014.11.010. PMID 25617787. https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0301479714005362. 
162. Kayler, Z., Janowiak, M., Swanston, C. (2017). "The Global Carbon Cycle". Considering Forest and Grassland Carbon in Land Management. 95. United States Department of Agriculture, Forest Service. 3–9. doi:10.2737/WO-GTR-95. https://www.fs.usda.gov/treesearch/pubs/54316. 
163. Pacala, S. W. (22 June 2001). "Consistent Land- and Atmosphere-Based U.S. Carbon Sink Estimates". Science 292 (5525): 2316–2320. doi:10.1126/science.1057320. PMID 11423659. Bibcode: 2001Sci...292.2316P. https://www.sciencemag.org/lookup/doi/10.1126/science.1057320. 
164. Boutton, T.W.; Liao, J.D.; Filley, T.R.; Archer, S.R. (26 October 2015), Lal, Rattan; Follett, Ronald F., eds., "Belowground Carbon Storage and Dynamics Accompanying Woody Plant Encroachment in a Subtropical Savanna", SSSA Special Publications (Madison, WI, USA: American Society of Agronomy and Soil Science Society of America): pp. 181–205, doi:10.2136/sssaspecpub57.2ed.c12, ISBN 978-0-89118-859-9, http://doi.wiley.com/10.2136/sssaspecpub57.2ed.c12, retrieved 7 March 2021 
165. Houghton, R. A. (23 July 1999). "The U.S. Carbon Budget: Contributions from Land-Use Change". Science 285 (5427): 574–578. doi:10.1126/science.285.5427.574. PMID 10417385. https://www.sciencemag.org/lookup/doi/10.1126/science.285.5427.574. 
166. Thijs, Ann (2014). Biotic and abiotic controls on carbon dynamics in a Central Texas encroaching savanna (Thesis). https://repositories.lib.utexas.edu/handle/2152/28067
167. Hurtt, G. C.; Pacala, S. W.; Moorcroft, P. R.; Caspersen, J.; Shevliakova, E.; Houghton, R. A.; Moore, B. (5 February 2002). "Projecting the future of the U.S. carbon sink". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 99 (3): 1389–1394. doi:10.1073/pnas.012249999. ISSN 0027-8424. PMID 11830663. Bibcode: 2002PNAS...99.1389H.  http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=122200
168. Burrows, W. H.; Henry, B. K.; Back, P. V.; Hoffmann, M. B.; Tait, L. J.; Anderson, E. R.; Menke, N.; Danaher, T. et al. (1 August 2002). "Growth and carbon stock change in eucalypt woodlands in northeast Australia: ecological and greenhouse sink implications: GROWTH and CARBON STOCK CHANGE IN EUCALYPT WOODLANDS". Global Change Biology 8 (8): 769–784. doi:10.1046/j.1365-2486.2002.00515.x. http://doi.wiley.com/10.1046/j.1365-2486.2002.00515.x. 
169. Kelley, D I; Harrison, S P (1 October 2014). "Enhanced Australian carbon sink despite increased wildfire during the 21st century". Environmental Research Letters 9 (10): 104015. doi:10.1088/1748-9326/9/10/104015. ISSN 1748-9326. Bibcode: 2014ERL.....9j4015K. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/9/10/104015. 
170. Thompson, M. (2018). "South African National Land-Cover 2018 Report & Accuracy Assessment.". Department of Environment, Forestry and Fisheries South Africa. https://www.environment.gov.za/projectsprogrammes/egis_landcover_datasets. 
171. Coetsee, Corli; Gray, Emma F.; Wakeling, Julia; Wigley, Benjamin J.; Bond, William J. (5 December 2012). "Low gains in ecosystem carbon with woody plant encroachment in a South African savanna". Journal of Tropical Ecology 29 (1): 49–60. doi:10.1017/s0266467412000697. ISSN 0266-4674. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0266467412000697. 
172. Jackson, Robert B.; Banner, Jay L.; Jobbágy, Esteban G.; Pockman, William T.; Wall, Diana H. (2002). "Ecosystem carbon loss with woody plant invasion of grasslands". Nature 418 (6898): 623–626. doi:10.1038/nature00910. ISSN 0028-0836. PMID 12167857. Bibcode: 2002Natur.418..623J. http://www.nature.com/articles/nature00910. 
173. Pellegrini, Adam F.A.; Socolar, Jacob B.; Elsen, Paul R.; Giam, Xingli (2016). "Trade-offs between savanna woody plant diversity and carbon storage in the Brazilian Cerrado". Global Change Biology 22 (10): 3373–3382. doi:10.1111/gcb.13259. PMID 26919289. Bibcode: 2016GCBio..22.3373P. http://doi.wiley.com/10.1111/gcb.13259. 
174. T., Conant, Richard (2010). Challenges and opportunities for carbon sequestration in grassland systems : a technical report on grassland management and climate change mitigation. Integrated Crop Management. FAO. ISBN 978-92-5-106494-8. OCLC 890677450. http://worldcat.org/oclc/890677450. 
175. J Turpie, P Botha, K Coldrey, K Forsythe, T Knowles, GLetley, J Allen and R de Wet (2019). "Towards a Policy on Indigenous Bush Encroachment in South Africa". Department of Environmental Affairs. https://www.environment.gov.za/sites/default/files/reports/indigenousbushencroachment.pdf. 
176. Sankey, Temuulen; Shrestha, Rupesh; Sankey, Joel B.; Hardegree, Stuart; Strand, Eva (2013). "Lidar-derived estimate and uncertainty of carbon sink in successional phases of woody encroachment: LIDAR AND WOODY CARBON SINK". Journal of Geophysical Research: Biogeosciences 118 (3): 1144–1155. doi:10.1002/jgrg.20088. http://doi.wiley.com/10.1002/jgrg.20088. 
177. Nuñez, Martin A; Davis, Kimberley T; Dimarco, Romina D; Peltzer, Duane A; Paritsis, Juan; Maxwell, Bruce D; Pauchard, Aníbal (3 May 2021). "Should tree invasions be used in treeless ecosystems to mitigate climate change?". Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment 19 (6): 334–341. doi:10.1002/fee.2346. ISSN 1540-9295. https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/fee.2346. 
178. "When it comes to carbon capture, tree invasions can do more harm than good" (in en-US). 2021-06-21. https://news.mongabay.com/2021/06/when-it-comes-to-carbon-capture-tree-invasions-can-do-more-harm-than-good/. 
179. Kumar, Dushyant; Pfeiffer, Mirjam; Gaillard, Camille; Langan, Liam; Martens, Carola; Scheiter, Simon (2020). "Misinterpretation of Asian savannas as degraded forest can mislead management and conservation policy under climate change". Biological Conservation 241: 108–293. doi:10.1016/j.biocon.2019.108293. https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S000632071931256X. 
180. Veldman, Joseph W.; Overbeck, Gerhard E.; Negreiros, Daniel; Mahy, Gregory; Le Stradic, Soizig; Fernandes, G. Wilson; Durigan, Giselda; Buisson, Elise et al. (1 October 2015). "Where Tree Planting and Forest Expansion are Bad for Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services". BioScience 65 (10): 1011–1018. doi:10.1093/biosci/biv118. ISSN 1525-3244. http://academic.oup.com/bioscience/article/65/10/1011/245863/Where-Tree-Planting-and-Forest-Expansion-are-Bad. 
181. Bond, William J.; Stevens, Nicola; Midgley, Guy F.; Lehmann, Caroline E.R. (2019). "The Trouble with Trees: Afforestation Plans for Africa". Trends in Ecology & Evolution 34 (11): 963–965. doi:10.1016/j.tree.2019.08.003. PMID 31515117. https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0169534719302526. 
182. Nackley, Lloyd L.; West, Adam G.; Skowno, Andrew L.; Bond, William J. (2017). "The Nebulous Ecology of Native Invasions". Trends in Ecology & Evolution 32 (11): 814–824. doi:10.1016/j.tree.2017.08.003. PMID 28890126. https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0169534717301921. 
183. Stevens, N.; Lehmann, C.E.R.; Murphy, B.P.; Durigan, G. (2017). "Savanna woody encroachment is widespread across three continents". Glob. Change Biol. 23 (1): 235–244. doi:10.1111/gcb.13409. PMID 27371937. Bibcode: 2017GCBio..23..235S.  https://dx.doi.org/10.1111%2Fgcb.13409
184. Venter, Z. S.; Cramer, M. D.; Hawkins, H.-J. (2018). "Drivers of woody plant encroachment over Africa". Nature Communications 9 (1): 2272. doi:10.1038/s41467-018-04616-8. ISSN 2041-1723. PMID 29891933. Bibcode: 2018NatCo...9.2272V.  http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=5995890
185. Saha, M. V.; Scanlon, T. M.; D'Odorico, P. (2015). "Examining the linkage between shrub encroachment and recent greening in water-limited southern Africa". Ecosphere 6 (9): art156. doi:10.1890/ES15-00098.1. ISSN 2150-8925. http://doi.wiley.com/10.1890/ES15-00098.1. 
186. Mitchard, Edward T. A.; Flintrop, Clara M. (5 September 2013). "Woody encroachment and forest degradation in sub-Saharan Africa's woodlands and savannas 1982–2006". Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 368 (1625): 20120406. doi:10.1098/rstb.2012.0406. ISSN 0962-8436. PMID 23878342.  http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=3720033
187. Fuchs, R.; Herold, M.; Verburg, P. H.; Clevers, J. G. P. W. (7 March 2013). "A high-resolution and harmonized model approach for reconstructing and analysing historic land changes in Europe" (in en). Biogeosciences 10 (3): 1543–1559. doi:10.5194/bg-10-1543-2013. ISSN 1726-4189. Bibcode: 2013BGeo...10.1543F. https://bg.copernicus.org/articles/10/1543/2013/. 
188. Liu, Xu; Feng, Siwen; Liu, Hongyan; Ji, Jue (2021). "Patterns and determinants of woody encroachment in the eastern Eurasian steppe". Land Degradation & Development 32 (13): 3536–3549. doi:10.1002/ldr.3938. ISSN 1099-145X. https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1002/ldr.3938. 
189. Marsman, F.; Nystuen, K.O.; Opedal, Ø.H.; Foest, J.J.; Sørensen, M.V.; De Frenne, P.; Graae, B.J.; Limpens, J. (2020). "Determinants of tree seedling establishment in alpine tundra". J Veg Sci 32. doi:10.1111/jvs.12948.  https://dx.doi.org/10.1111%2Fjvs.12948
190. Rosén, Ejvind; Eddy Van der Maarel (2000). "Restoration of Alvar Vegetation on Öland, Sweden". Applied Vegetation Science 3 (1): 65–72. doi:10.2307/1478919.  https://dx.doi.org/10.2307%2F1478919
191. Kose, Marika (2021). Coastal meadows : maintenance, restoration and recovery. Kauer, Karin, Tali, Kadri. Eesti Maaülikool. pp. 6.999Mb. doi:10.15159/EMU.69. ISBN 9789949698837. https://dspace.emu.ee/handle/10492/6488. 
192. Pedro., Silva, João (2008). LIFE and Europe's grasslands : restoring a forgotten habitat. Office for Official Publications of the European Communities. ISBN 978-92-79-10159-5. OCLC 780915358. http://worldcat.org/oclc/780915358. 
193. Zehnder, T.; Lüscher, A.; Ritzmann, C. (2020). "Dominant shrub species are a strong predictor of plant species diversity along subalpine pasture-shrub transects". Alp Botany 130 (2): 141–156. doi:10.1007/s00035-020-00241-8.  https://dx.doi.org/10.1007%2Fs00035-020-00241-8
194. Urbina, Ifigenia; Grau, Oriol; Sardans, Jordi; Ninot, Josep M.; Peñuelas, Josep (2020). "Encroachment of shrubs into subalpine grasslands in the Pyrenees changes the plant-soil stoichiometry spectrum". Plant and Soil 448 (1–2): 37–53. doi:10.1007/s11104-019-04420-3. ISSN 0032-079X. http://link.springer.com/10.1007/s11104-019-04420-3. 
195. Tasser, Erich; Walde, Janette; Tappeiner, Ulrike; Teutsch, Alexandra; Noggler, Werner (January 2007). "Land-use changes and natural reforestation in the Eastern Central Alps" (in en). Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environment 118 (1–4): 115–129. doi:10.1016/j.agee.2006.05.004. https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0167880906001575. 
196. Teleki, Balázs; Sonkoly, Judit; Erdős, László; Tóthmérész, Béla; Prommer, Mátyás; Török, Péter (April 2020). Hölzel, Norbert. ed. "High resistance of plant biodiversity to moderate native woody encroachment in loess steppe grassland fragments" (in en). Applied Vegetation Science 23 (2): 175–184. doi:10.1111/avsc.12474. ISSN 1402-2001. https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111/avsc.12474. 
197. Henkin, Zalmen (2021-08-09). "The role of brush encroachment in Mediterranean ecosystems: a review". Israel Journal of Plant Sciences: 1–12. doi:10.1163/22238980-bja10039. ISSN 0792-9978. https://brill.com/view/journals/ijps/aop/article-10.1163-22238980-bja10039/article-10.1163-22238980-bja10039.xml. 
198. Hongwei Zeng; Bingfang Wu; Miao Zhang; Ning Zhang; Abdelrazek Elnashar; Liang Zhu; Weiwei Zhu; Fangming Wu et al. (2021). "Dryland ecosystem dynamic change and its drivers in Mediterranean region.". Current Opinion in Environmental Sustainability 48: 59–67. doi:10.1016/j.cosust.2020.10.013.  https://dx.doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.cosust.2020.10.013
199. Rolo, Victor; Moreno, Gerardo (April 2019). "Shrub encroachment and climate change increase the exposure to drought of Mediterranean wood-pastures". Science of the Total Environment 660: 550–558. doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.01.029. PMID 30641382. Bibcode: 2019ScTEn.660..550R. https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S004896971930035X. 
200. Nadal-Romero, Estela; Rubio, Pablo; Kremyda, Vasiliki; Absalah, Samira; Cammeraat, Erik; Jansen, Boris; Lasanta, Teodoro (October 2021). "Effects of agricultural land abandonment on soil organic carbon stocks and composition of soil organic matter in the Central Spanish Pyrenees" (in en). CATENA 205: 105441. doi:10.1016/j.catena.2021.105441. https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S034181622100299X. 
201. Lasanta, Teodoro; Nadal-Romero, Estela; Errea, Paz; Arnáez, José (February 2016). "The Effect of Landscape Conservation Measures in Changing Landscape Patterns: A Case Study in Mediterranean Mountains: The Effect of Landscape Conservation in Chaning Landscape Patterns" (in en). Land Degradation & Development 27 (2): 373–386. doi:10.1002/ldr.2359. http://doi.wiley.com/10.1002/ldr.2359. 
202. Gelabert, P.J.; Rodrigues, M.; de la Riva, J.; Ameztegui, A.; Sebastià, M.T.; Vega-Garcia, C. (September 2021). "LandTrendr smoothed spectral profiles enhance woody encroachment monitoring" (in en). Remote Sensing of Environment 262: 112521. doi:10.1016/j.rse.2021.112521. Bibcode: 2021RSEnv.262k2521G. https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0034425721002418. 
203. McBride, Joe; Heady, Harold F. (1968). "Invasion of Grassland by Baccharis pilularis DC". Journal of Range Management 21 (2): 106. doi:10.2307/3896366. ISSN 0022-409X. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3896366. 
204. Hamilton, W. T.; Ueckert, D. N. (2004). Brush management: past, present, future. Texas A & M University Press. pp. 3–13. ISBN 978-1-60344-628-0. OCLC 605342910. http://worldcat.org/oclc/605342910. 
205. Fuhlendorf, Samuel D.; Archer, Steven A.; Smeins, Fred; Engle, David M.; Taylor, Charles A. (2008), "The Combined Influence of Grazing, Fire, and Herbaceous Productivity on Tree–Grass Interactions", Western North American Juniperus Communities (New York, NY: Springer New York): pp. 219–238, doi:10.1007/978-0-387-34003-6_12, ISBN 978-0-387-34002-9, http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-0-387-34003-6_12, retrieved 12 March 2021 
206. Jones, Matthew O.; Naugle, David E.; Twidwell, Dirac; Uden, Daniel R.; Maestas, Jeremy D.; Allred, Brady W. (2020). "Beyond Inventories: Emergence of a New Era in Rangeland Monitoring". Rangeland Ecology & Management 73 (5): 577–583. doi:10.1016/j.rama.2020.06.009. ISSN 1550-7424. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.rama.2020.06.009. 
207. Scharnagl, Klara; Johnson, David; Ebert-May, Diane (3 September 2019). "Shrub expansion and alpine plant community change: 40-year record from Niwot Ridge, Colorado" (in en). Plant Ecology & Diversity 12 (5): 407–416. doi:10.1080/17550874.2019.1641757. ISSN 1755-0874. https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/17550874.2019.1641757. 
208. Brodie, Jedediah F.; Roland, Carl A.; Stehn, Sarah E.; Smirnova, Ekaterina (May 2019). "Variability in the expansion of trees and shrubs in boreal Alaska" (in en). Ecology 100 (5): e02660. doi:10.1002/ecy.2660. ISSN 0012-9658. PMID 30770560. https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1002/ecy.2660. 
209. "Woody plant encroachment enhances soil infiltrability of a semiarid karst savanna". Environmental Research Communications 2 (11): 115005. 2020. doi:10.1088/2515-7620/abc92f. Bibcode: 2020ERCom...2k5005L.  https://dx.doi.org/10.1088%2F2515-7620%2Fabc92f
210. Asner, Gregory P.; Archer, Steve; Hughes, R. Flint; Ansley, R. James; Wessman, Carol A. (March 2003). "Net changes in regional woody vegetation cover and carbon storage in Texas Drylands, 1937–1999: Net Changes in Woody Plants and Carbon Storage" (in en). Global Change Biology 9 (3): 316–335. doi:10.1046/j.1365-2486.2003.00594.x. http://doi.wiley.com/10.1046/j.1365-2486.2003.00594.x. 
211. Kennedy, Tony (12 March 2018). "Conservation groups make point: Sometimes trees have to go". https://www.startribune.com/conservation-groups-make-point-sometimes-trees-have-to-go/476464583/. 
212. Fogarty, Dillon T.; de Vries, Caitlin; Bielski, Christine; Twidwell, Dirac (September 2021). "Rapid Re-encroachment by Juniperus virginiana After a Single Restoration Treatment" (in en). Rangeland Ecology & Management 78: 112–116. doi:10.1016/j.rama.2021.06.002. https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S1550742421000701. 
213. Wang, X.; Jiang, L.; Yang, X.; Shi, Z.; Yu, P. (2020). "Does Shrub Encroachment Indicate Ecosystem Degradation? A Perspective Based on the Spatial Patterns of Woody Plants in a Temperate Savanna-Like Ecosystem of Inner Mongolia, China.". Forests 11 (12): 1248. doi:10.3390/f11121248.  https://dx.doi.org/10.3390%2Ff11121248
214. Hao, Guang; Dong, Ke; Yang, Nan; Xu, Yujuan; Ding, Xinfeng; Chen, Lei; Wang, Jinlong; Zhao, Nianxi et al. (December 2021). "Both fencing duration and shrub cover facilitate the restoration of shrub-encroached grasslands" (in en). CATENA 207: 105587. doi:10.1016/j.catena.2021.105587. https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0341816221004458. 
215. A. Jayadevan; S. Mukherjee; A. T. Vanak (2018). "Bush encroachment influences nocturnal rodent community and behaviour in a semi-arid grassland in Gujarat, India". Journal of Arid Environments 153: 32–38. doi:10.1016/j.jaridenv.2017.12.009. Bibcode: 2018JArEn.153...32J.  https://dx.doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.jaridenv.2017.12.009
216. Lunt, I.; Winsemius, L.; McDonald, S.; Morgan, J.; Dehaan, R.; Bowman, D. (2010). "How widespread is woody plant encroachment in temperate Australia? Changes in woody vegetation cover in lowland woodland and coastal ecosystems in Victoria from 1989 to 2005". Journal of Biogeography 37 (4): 722–732. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2699.2009.02255.x.  https://dx.doi.org/10.1111%2Fj.1365-2699.2009.02255.x
217. Saintilan, N.; Bowen, S.; Maguire, O. (2021). "Resilience of trees and the vulnerability of grasslands to climate change in temperate Australian wetlands". Landscape Ecol 36 (3): 803–814. doi:10.1007/s10980-020-01176-5.  https://dx.doi.org/10.1007%2Fs10980-020-01176-5
218. Cabral, A.C.; Miguel, J.M.; Rescia, A.J.; Schmitz, M.F.; Pineda, F.D. (April 2003). "Shrub encroachment in Argentinean savannas". Journal of Vegetation Science 14 (2): 145–152. doi:10.1111/j.1654-1103.2003.tb02139.x. ISSN 1100-9233. https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111/j.1654-1103.2003.tb02139.x. 
219. Rosan, T. M.; Aragão, L. E. O. C.; Oliveras, I.; Phillips, O. L.; Malhi, Y.; Gloor, E.; Wagner, F. H. (2019). "Extensive 21st‐century woody encroachment in South America's savanna.". Geophysical Research Letters 46 (12): 6594–6603. doi:10.1029/2019GL082327. Bibcode: 2019GeoRL..46.6594R.  https://dx.doi.org/10.1029%2F2019GL082327
220. "Can tree campaigns curb climate change without harming grasslands?" (in en-US). 2021-05-28. https://scienceline.org/2021/05/can-tree-campaigns-curb-climate-change-without-harming-grasslands/. 
221. Honda E. A.; Durigan G. (2016). "Woody encroachment and its consequences on hydrological processes in the savannah". Phil. Trans. R. Soc. B37120150313 (1703). doi:10.1098/rstb.2015.0313. PMID 27502378.  http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=4978871
222. Gonçalves, Rogério Victor S.; Cardoso, João Custódio F.; Oliveira, Paulo Eugênio; Oliveira, Denis Coelho (30 March 2021). "Changes in the Cerrado vegetation structure: insights from more than three decades of ecological succession". Web Ecology 21 (1): 55–64. doi:10.5194/we-21-55-2021. ISSN 1399-1183. https://we.copernicus.org/articles/21/55/2021/. 
223. Haddad, Thaís Mazzafera; Pilon, Natashi Aparecida Lima; Durigan, Giselda; Viani, Ricardo Augusto Gorne (2021). "Restoration of the Brazilian savanna after pine silviculture: Pine clearcutting is effective but not enough". Forest Ecology and Management 491: 119158. doi:10.1016/j.foreco.2021.119158. https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0378112721002462. 
224. Overbeck, G; Muller, S; Fidelis, A; Pfadenhauer, J; Pillar, V; Blanco, C; Boldrini, I; Both, R et al. (11 December 2007). "Brazil's neglected biome: The South Brazilian Campos". Perspectives in Plant Ecology, Evolution and Systematics 9 (2): 101–116. doi:10.1016/j.ppees.2007.07.005. https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S1433831907000303. 
225. Ravera, F.; D. Tarrasón; E. Simelton (2011). "Envisioning adaptive strategies to change: participatory scenarios for agropastoral semiarid systems in Nicaragua". Ecology and Society 16 (1): 20. doi:10.5751/ES-03764-160120.  https://dx.doi.org/10.5751%2FES-03764-160120
226. Prins, Herbert H. T.; van der Jeugd, Henk P. (1993). "Herbivore Population Crashes and Woodland Structure in East Africa". The Journal of Ecology 81 (2): 305. doi:10.2307/2261500. ISSN 0022-0477. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2261500. 
227. J., Gwynne, M. D. Pratt, D. (1978). Rangeland management and ecology in East Africa. Hodder and Stoughton. ISBN 0-340-19766-8. OCLC 270888555. http://worldcat.org/oclc/270888555. 
228. Fenetahun, Y.; Yong-dong, W.; You, Y. (2020). "Dynamics of forage and land cover changes in Teltele district of Borana rangelands, southern Ethiopia: using geospatial and field survey data". BMC Ecol 20, 55 (1): 55. doi:10.1186/s12898-020-00320-8. PMID 33028276.  http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=7539436
229. Coppock, D. L.; Gebru, G.; Mesele, S.; Desta, S. (2008) (in en). Are Drought-Related Crashes in Pastoral Cattle Herds Predictable? More Evidence of Equilibrium Dynamics from Southern Ethiopian Rangelands. https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/Are-Drought-Related-Crashes-in-Pastoral-Cattle-More-Coppock-Gebru/cc14eaf3df39360934cbb95bde5ee96c115b306b. Retrieved 24 May 2021. 
230. Dalle, Gemedo; Maass, Brigitte L.; Isselstein, Johannes (June 2006). "Encroachment of woody plants and its impact on pastoral livestock production in the Borana lowlands, southern Oromia, Ethiopia" (in en). African Journal of Ecology 44 (2): 237–246. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2028.2006.00638.x. ISSN 0141-6707. http://doi.wiley.com/10.1111/j.1365-2028.2006.00638.x. 
231. Haile, Mebrahtu; Birhane, Emiru; Rannestad, Meley Mekonen; Adaramola, Muyiwa S. (1 June 2021). "Expansive shrubs: Expansion factors and ecological impacts in northern Ethiopia". Journal for Nature Conservation 61: 125996. doi:10.1016/j.jnc.2021.125996. ISSN 1617-1381. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1617138121000431. 
232. Legese, Behailu; Balew, Abel (July 2021). "Land-use and land-cover change in the lowlands of Bale Zone, Ethiopia: its driving factors and impacts of rangeland dynamics in livestock mobility" (in en). Environmental Monitoring and Assessment 193 (7): 453. doi:10.1007/s10661-021-09222-8. ISSN 0167-6369. PMID 34181091. https://link.springer.com/10.1007/s10661-021-09222-8. 
233. Angassa, Ayana (2005). "The ecological impact of bush encroachment on the yield of grasses in Borana rangeland ecosystem". African Journal of Ecology 43 (1): 14–20. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2028.2005.00429.x. ISSN 0141-6707. http://doi.wiley.com/10.1111/j.1365-2028.2005.00429.x. 
234. Megersa, Bekele; Markemann, André; Angassa, Ayana; Valle Zárate, Anne (February 2014). "The role of livestock diversification in ensuring household food security under a changing climate in Borana, Ethiopia" (in en). Food Security 6 (1): 15–28. doi:10.1007/s12571-013-0314-4. ISSN 1876-4517. http://link.springer.com/10.1007/s12571-013-0314-4. 
235. Forrest, Brigham W.; Coppock, D. Layne; Bailey, DeeVon; Ward, Ruby A. (March 2016). "Economic Analysis of Land and Livestock Management Interventions to Improve Resilience of a Pastoral Community in Southern Ethiopia" (in en). Journal of African Economies 25 (2): 233–266. doi:10.1093/jae/ejv021. ISSN 0963-8024. https://academic.oup.com/jae/article-lookup/doi/10.1093/jae/ejv021. 
236. Schwartzstein, Peter (9 April 2019). "An invasive, thorny mesquite tree is taking over Africa—can it be stopped?". https://www.nationalgeographic.com/environment/article/invasive-mesquite-spreads-across-east-north-south-africa. 
237. Ilukor, John; Rettberg, Simone; Treydte, Anna; Birner, Regina (2016). "To eradicate or not to eradicate? Recommendations on Prosopis juliflora management in Afar, Ethiopia, from an interdisciplinary perspective". Pastoralism 6 (1): 14. doi:10.1186/s13570-016-0061-1. ISSN 2041-7136. http://pastoralismjournal.springeropen.com/articles/10.1186/s13570-016-0061-1. 
238. Mehari, Zeraye H. (2015). "The invasion of Prosopis juliflora and Afar pastoral livelihoods in the Middle Awash area of Ethiopia". Ecological Processes 4 (1): 13. doi:10.1186/s13717-015-0039-8. ISSN 2192-1709. http://www.ecologicalprocesses.com/content/4/1/13. 
239. Tilahun, Minyahel; Angassa, Ayana; Abebe, Aster; Mengistu, Alemayehu (2016). "Perception and attitude of pastoralists on the use and conservation of rangeland resources in Afar Region, Ethiopia". Ecological Processes 5 (1): 18. doi:10.1186/s13717-016-0062-4. ISSN 2192-1709. http://ecologicalprocesses.springeropen.com/articles/10.1186/s13717-016-0062-4. 
240. Bekele, Ketema; Haji, Jema; Legesse, Belaineh; Shiferaw, Hailu; Schaffner, Urs (2018). "Impacts of woody invasive alien plant species on rural livelihood: Generalized propensity score evidence from Prosopis spp. invasion in Afar Region in Ethiopia". Pastoralism 8 (1): 28. doi:10.1186/s13570-018-0124-6. ISSN 2041-7136. https://pastoralismjournal.springeropen.com/articles/10.1186/s13570-018-0124-6. 
241. Haile, Mebrahtu; Birhane, Emiru; Mekonen Rannestad, Meley; S. Adaramola, Muyiwa (2021-05-29). Hasanagas, Nikolaos D.. ed. "Carbon Stock and Soil Characteristics under Expansive Shrubs in the Dry Afromontane Forest in Northern Ethiopia" (in en). International Journal of Forestry Research 2021: 1–10. doi:10.1155/2021/6647443. ISSN 1687-9376.  https://dx.doi.org/10.1155%2F2021%2F6647443
242. Becker, Mathias; Alvarez, Miguel; Heller, Gereon; Leparmarai, Paul; Maina, Damaris; Malombe, Itambo; Bollig, Michael; Vehrs, Hauke (2 January 2016). "Land-use changes and the invasion dynamics of shrubs in Baringo". Journal of Eastern African Studies 10 (1): 111–129. doi:10.1080/17531055.2016.1138664. ISSN 1753-1055. http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/17531055.2016.1138664. 
243. Petersen, Maike; Bergmann, Christoph; Roden, Paul; Nüsser, Marcus (6 April 2021). "Contextualizing land‐use and land‐cover change with local knowledge: a case study from Pokot Central, Kenya". Land Degradation & Development 32 (10): 2992–3007. doi:10.1002/ldr.3961. ISSN 1085-3278. https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/ldr.3961. 
244. Kibet, Staline; Nyangito, Moses; MacOpiyo, Laban; Kenfack, David (July 2021). "Savanna woody plants responses to mammalian herbivory and implications for management of livestock–wildlife landscape" (in en). Ecological Solutions and Evidence 2 (3). doi:10.1002/2688-8319.12083. ISSN 2688-8319. https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/2688-8319.12083. 
245. Wahungu, Geoffrey M.; Gichohi, Nathan W.; Onyango, Irene A.; Mureu, Lucy K.; Kamaru, Douglas; Mutisya, Samuel; Mulama, Martin; Makau, Joseph K. et al. (March 2013). "Encroachment of open grasslands and Acacia drepanolobium Harms ex B.Y.Sjöstedt habitats by Euclea divinorum Hiern in Ol Pejeta Conservancy, Kenya" (in en). African Journal of Ecology 51 (1): 130–138. doi:10.1111/aje.12017. https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/aje.12017. 
246. Kagunyu, Anastasia W; Wanjohi, Joseph (December 2014). "Camel rearing replacing cattle production among the Borana community in Isiolo County of Northern Kenya, as climate variability bites". Pastoralism 4 (1): 13. doi:10.1186/s13570-014-0013-6. ISSN 2041-7136. http://www.pastoralismjournal.com/content/4/1/13. 
247. Vehrs, Hauke-Peter (2 January 2016). "Changes in landscape vegetation, forage plant composition and herding structure in the pastoralist livelihoods of East Pokot, Kenya". Journal of Eastern African Studies 10 (1): 88–110. doi:10.1080/17531055.2015.1134401. ISSN 1753-1055. http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/17531055.2015.1134401. 
248. Kimiti, David W.; Ganguli, Amy C.; Herrick, Jeffrey E.; Bailey, Derek W. (June 2020). "Evaluation of Restoration Success to Inform Future Restoration Efforts in Acacia reficiens Invaded Rangelands in Northern Kenya" (in en). Ecological Restoration 38 (2): 105–113. doi:10.3368/er.38.2.105. ISSN 1543-4060. http://er.uwpress.org/lookup/doi/10.3368/er.38.2.105. 
249. Mbaabu, Purity Rima; Ng, Wai-Tim; Schaffner, Urs; Gichaba, Maina; Olago, Daniel; Choge, Simon; Oriaso, Silas; Eckert, Sandra (22 May 2019). "Spatial Evolution of Prosopis Invasion and its Effects on LULC and Livelihoods in Baringo, Kenya". Remote Sensing 11 (10): 1217. doi:10.3390/rs11101217. ISSN 2072-4292. Bibcode: 2019RemS...11.1217M.  https://dx.doi.org/10.3390%2Frs11101217
250. Eschen, René; Bekele, Ketema; Mbaabu, Purity Rima; Kilawe, Charles Joseph; Eckert, Sandra (28 March 2021). Zenni, Rafael. ed. "Prosopis juliflora management and grassland restoration in Baringo County, Kenya: Opportunities for soil carbon sequestration and local livelihoods". Journal of Applied Ecology 58 (6): 1365–2664.13854. doi:10.1111/1365-2664.13854. ISSN 0021-8901. https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/1365-2664.13854. 
251. Kimaro, Houssein Samwel; Treydte, Anna C. (13 May 2021). "Rainfall, fire and large‐mammal‐induced drivers of Vachellia drepanolobium establishment: Implications for woody plant encroachment in Maswa, Tanzania". African Journal of Ecology n/a (n/a): aje.12881. doi:10.1111/aje.12881. ISSN 0141-6707. https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/aje.12881. 
252. Mugasi, S. K.; Sabiiti, E. N.; Tayebwa, B. M. (1 March 2000). "The economic implications of bush encroachment on livestock farming in rangelands of Uganda". African Journal of Range & Forage Science 17 (1–3): 64–69. doi:10.2989/10220110009485741. ISSN 1022-0119. https://doi.org/10.2989/10220110009485741. 
253. Egeru, Anthony; Wasonga, Oliver; Kyagulanyi, Joseph; Majaliwa, GJ; MacOpiyo, Laban; Mburu, John (2014). "Spatio-temporal dynamics of forage and land cover changes in Karamoja sub-region, Uganda". Pastoralism: Research, Policy and Practice 4 (1): 6. doi:10.1186/2041-7136-4-6. ISSN 2041-7136. http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/2041-7136-4-6. 
254. N’Dri, Aya Brigitte; Kpré, Aka Jean-Noel; Kpangba, Koffi Prosper; Soro, Tionhonkélé Drissa; Kouassi, Koffi Vincent; Koffi, Kouamé Fulgence; Kouamé, Yao Anicet Gervais; Koffi, Ahou Blandine et al. (2021), "Experimental Study of Fire Behavior in Annually Burned Humid Savanna of West Africa in the Context of Bush Encroachment", Sustainable Development in Africa (Cham: Springer International Publishing): pp. 491–505, doi:10.1007/978-3-030-74693-3_27, ISBN 978-3-030-74692-6, http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-74693-3_27, retrieved 2021-07-14 
255. Bassett, TJ & Boutrais, J 2017, Cattle and trees in the West African savanna. in Contesting Forestry in West Africa. Taylor and Francis Inc., pp. 242-263. https://horizon.documentation.ird.fr/exl-doc/pleins_textes/pleins_textes_7/b_fdi_57-58/010025314.pdf
256. "Bush encroachment must be curbed". Namibia Economist. https://economist.com.na/13437/environment/bush-encroachment-must-be-curbed/. 
257. Mapani, Benjamin; Shikangalah, Rosemary; Mapaure, Isaac; Musimba, Aansbert (2021), Leal Filho, Walter; Ogugu, Nicholas; Adelake, Lydia et al., eds., "Dichrostachys cinerea Growth Rings as Natural Archives for Climatic Variation in Namibia", African Handbook of Climate Change Adaptation (Cham: Springer International Publishing): pp. 1–14, doi:10.1007/978-3-030-42091-8_257-1, ISBN 978-3-030-42091-8, http://link.springer.com/10.1007/978-3-030-42091-8_257-1, retrieved 1 February 2021 
258. http://www.gov.na/documents/10181/14226/NDP+5/5a0620ab-4f8f-4606-a449-ea0c810898cc?version=1.0
259. "UNCCD – Namibia | Knowledge Hub – Overview of LDN Targets". 2018. https://knowledge.unccd.int/home/country-information/countries-having-set-voluntary-ldn-targets/namibia. 
260. Charis, Gratitude; Danha, Gwiranai; Muzenda, Edison (1 January 2019). "Waste valorisation opportunities for bush encroacher biomass in savannah ecosystems: A comparative case analysis of Botswana and Namibia". Procedia Manufacturing 35: 974–979. doi:10.1016/j.promfg.2019.06.044.  https://dx.doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.promfg.2019.06.044
261. https://www.eld-initiative.org/fileadmin/pdf/Namibia_PolicyBrief.pdf
262. FSC Africa (17 March 2020). "From Bush to Charcoal: the Greenest Charcoal Comes from Namibia". https://fsc.org/en/newsfeed/from-bush-to-charcoal-the-greenest-charcoal-comes-from-namibia. 
263. Hoffmann, Jürgen. "De-bushing initiatives are coordinated". South African Institute of International Affairs. https://www.newera.com.na/2015/02/24/de-bushing-initiatives-coordinated/. 
264. Shigwedha, Absalom. "De-bushing advisory service set up". The Namibian. http://www.namibian.com.na/155549/archive-read/De-bushing-advisory-service-set-up. 
265. Colin Nott; Jerome Boys. "Reviving Namibia's Livestock Industry". http://www.agrinamibia.com.na/wp-content/uploads/2019/10/NRMPS-Revised-Strategy-2019-Rangeland-Best-Practices-final.pdf. 
266. "The FSC National Forest Stewardship Standard for the Republic of Namibia". FSC International. https://fsc.org/en/document-centre/documents/resource/418. 
267. FSC Africa (10 April 2020). "1,6 million hectares: Namibia reaches new heights in FSC certification". https://africa.fsc.org/en-cd/actualits/press-releases/id/364. 
268. Charis, Gratitude; Danha, Gwiranai; Muzenda, Edison (1 January 2019). "Waste valorisation opportunities for bush encroacher biomass in savannah ecosystems: A comparative case analysis of Botswana and Namibia". Procedia Manufacturing 35: 974–979. doi:10.1016/j.promfg.2019.06.044.  https://dx.doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.promfg.2019.06.044
269. Vegten, J. A. (April 1984). "Thornbush invasion in a savanna ecosystem in eastern Botswana". Vegetatio 56 (1): 3–7. doi:10.1007/bf00036129. ISSN 0042-3106. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00036129. 
270. Moleele, N.M.; Ringrose, S.; Matheson, W.; Vanderpost, C. (January 2002). "More woody plants? the status of bush encroachment in Botswana's grazing areas". Journal of Environmental Management 64 (1): 3–11. doi:10.1006/jema.2001.0486. PMID 11876072. https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0301479701904864. 
271. Dougill, Andrew J.; Akanyang, Lawrence; Perkins, Jeremy S.; Eckardt, Frank D.; Stringer, Lindsay C.; Favretto, Nicola; Atlhopheng, Julius; Mulale, Kutlwano (March 2016). "Land use, rangeland degradation and ecological changes in the southern Kalahari, Botswana". African Journal of Ecology 54 (1): 59–67. doi:10.1111/aje.12265.  https://dx.doi.org/10.1111%2Faje.12265
272. Ringrose, Susan; Vanderpost, Cornelis; Matheson, Wilma (July 1996). "The use of integrated remotely sensed and GIS data to determine causes of vegetation cover change in southern Botswana". Applied Geography 16 (3): 225–242. doi:10.1016/0143-6228(96)00005-7.  https://dx.doi.org/10.1016%2F0143-6228%2896%2900005-7
273. Mmolai, Esther (23 January 2018). "Botswana: Savannah Degradation Threatens Country". AllAfrica. https://allafrica.com/stories/201801240243.html. 
274. Keakabetse, Boniface (5 December 2017). "North-West communities pilot climate smart projects". Mmegi Online. http://www.mmegi.bw/index.php?aid=73490&dir=2017/december/0. 
275. Motsamai, Mmoniemang (23 March 2021). "Botswana: Kereng Outlines Projects". https://allafrica.com/stories/202103230428.html. 
276. Jane Turpie; Pieter Botha (2019). "Towards a Policy on Indigenous Bush Encroachment in South Africa". https://www.environment.gov.za/sites/default/files/reports/indigenousbushencroachment_policybrief.pdf. 
277. T.K.J. Sebitloane; H. Coetzee; K. Kellner; P. Malan (2020). "The socio-economic impacts of bush encroachment in Manthestad, Taung, South Africa". Environmental & Socio-economic Studies 8: Issue 3 (3): 1–11. doi:10.2478/environ-2020-0013.  https://dx.doi.org/10.2478%2Fenviron-2020-0013
278. Grasslands of the world. Suttie, J. M., Reynolds, Stephen G., Batello, Caterina., Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations.. Rome: Food and Agricultural Organization of the United Nations. 2005. ISBN 92-5-105337-5. OCLC 61697614. https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/61697614. 
279. van Wilgen, Brian W; Wannenburgh, Andrew (2016). "Co-facilitating invasive species control, water conservation and poverty relief: achievements and challenges in South Africa's Working for Water programme". Current Opinion in Environmental Sustainability 19: 7–17. doi:10.1016/j.cosust.2015.08.012. https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S1877343515000962. 
280. Kellner, Klaus, Mangani, Reletile T., Sebitloane, Tshegofatso J.K., Chirima, Johannes G., Meyer, Nadine, Coetzee, Hendri C., Malan, Pieter W., & Koch, Jaco (2021). "Restoration after bush control in selected range-land areas of semi-arid savannas in South Africa". African Biodiversity & Conservation 51 (1): 1–13. doi:10.38201/btha.abc.v51.i1.7. http://www.scielo.org.za/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0006-82412021000100007. 
281. Zhou, Yong; Tingley, Morgan W.; Case, Madelon F.; Coetsee, Corli; Kiker, Gregory A.; Scholtz, Rheinhardt; Venter, Freek J.; Staver, A. Carla (2021-08-09). "Woody encroachment happens via intensification, not extensification, of species ranges in an African savanna" (in en). Ecological Applications n/a (n/a): e02437. doi:10.1002/eap.2437. ISSN 1051-0761. PMID 34374155. https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/eap.2437. 
282. Marake M, Mokuku C, Majoro M, Mokitimi N. (1998). "Global change and subsistence rangelands in southern Africa: Resource variability, access and use in relation to rural livelihoods and welfare. A preliminary report and literature review for Lesotho.". National University of Lesotho. https://cordis.europa.eu/project/id/IC18970162. 
283. Turpie, Jane; Benn, Grant; Thompson, Mark; Barker, Nigel (12 March 2021). "Accounting for land cover changes and degradation in the Katse and Mohale Dam catchments of the Lesotho highlands". African Journal of Range & Forage Science 38 (1): 53–66. doi:10.2989/10220119.2020.1846214. ISSN 1022-0119. https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.2989/10220119.2020.1846214. 
284. Beyene, S. T. (2015). "Rangeland Degradation in a Semi‐Arid Communal Savannah of Swaziland: Long–Term DIP‐Tank Use Effects on Woody Plant Structure, Cover and their Indigenous Use in Three Soil Types". Land Degrad. Develop. 26 (4): 311–323. doi:10.1002/ldr.2203.  https://dx.doi.org/10.1002%2Fldr.2203
285. Blaser, Wilma J. (2013). Impact of woody encroachment on soil-plant-herbivore interactions in the Kafue Flats floodplain ecosystem (Thesis). ETH Zürich. doi:10.3929/ethz-a-009933926. hdl:20.500.11850/70796. https://doi.org/10.3929/ethz-a-009933926
286. Mzezewa, J. and J. Gotosa. (2009). "Bush encroachment in Zimbabwe: a preliminary observation on soil properties.". Journal of Sustainable Development in Africa 11: 298–318. https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/Bush-encroachment-in-Zimbabwe%3A-a-preliminary-on-Mzezewa-Gotosa/a96b505236dc0a22c63dbcbb619bd6a21809929f. 
287. Mohammed, Elmugheira M. I.; H., Elhag A. M.; Ndakidemi, Patrick A.; Treydte, Anna C. (4 March 2021). "Anthropogenic Pressure on Tree Species Diversity, Composition, and Growth of Balanites aegyptiaca in Dinder Biosphere Reserve, Sudan". Plants 10 (3): 483. doi:10.3390/plants10030483. ISSN 2223-7747. PMID 33806457.  http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=8000727